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This thematic collection focuses on "Recent Advances and Challenges in Lung Cancer Research", systematically presenting cutting-edge research in global burden of disease, molecular classification, immunotherapy, targeted approaches, and emerging mechanisms such as ferroptosis. It also addresses critical clinical issues including treatment-related interstitial lung disease and the microenvironment of liver metastases. The collection aims to provide multidisciplinary insights to support lung cancer research and advance the translation of precision medicine strategies.

Aging, a universal biological process, intersects with human health across physiological systems, driving the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This virtual issue brings together cutting-edge research that deciphers the molecular and cellular underpinnings of this interplay, offering insights into both fundamental mechanisms and translational potential.​Articles herein explore how immune aging reshapes susceptibility to infectious diseases, and dissect the paradoxical roles of senescence in liver pathology and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. They unravel how the aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates environmental influences on aging trajectories in elderly asthmatics, and probe the mechanistic links between aging and perioperative cerebral homeostasis.​Further contributions dissect the cellular and molecular hallmarks of hematopoietic aging, map the connections between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and vascular aging, and evaluate the transformative promise of stem cell-based anti-aging strategies. Collectively, these studies illuminate aging as a systemic regulator of health, bridging bench and bedside to inform novel therapeutic approaches.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death process driven by reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation, is regulated by several metabolic processes, including iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and redox system. Macrophages are a group of innate immune cells that are widely distributed throughout the body, and play pivotal roles in maintaining metabolic balance by its phagocytic and efferocytotic effects. There is a profound association between the biological functions of macrophage and ferroptosis. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate three key aspects of the unique relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis, including macrophage metabolism and their regulation of cellular ferroptosis; ferroptotic stress that modulates functions of macrophage and promotion of inflammation; and the effects of macrophage ferroptosis and its role in diseases. Finally, we also summarize the possible mechanisms of macrophages in regulating the ferroptosis process at the global and local levels, as well as the role of ferroptosis in the macrophage-mediated inflammatory process, to provide new therapeutic insights for a variety of diseases.