Volume 91  ·   Issue 43  ·  2011

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has always been called exhaust gas. Since 1990s, the discovery and research of endogenous H2S has gradually become a research hotspot in the fields of life science and medical science [1]. H2S has been successively confirmed as an important neurotransmitter molecule in vivo, a novel gas signaling molecule for cardiovascular regulation, a regulator of hepatic circulation, an oxygen receptor, an inflammatory regulator, an endothelial-derived vasodilator, an adventitial-derived vasodilator, an energy metabolism regulator, etc., which plays an important role in the regulatory mechanism of physiology and pathophysiology of organism. In recent years, the deepening of basic research on H2S has significantly promoted the clinical and pharmaceutical research progress related to H2S.

The development and innovation of neuroimaging technology have significantly promoted the clinical practice and research of psychiatry, but because of the complexity of the brain and psychiatry, the etiology and pathogenesis of mental diseases are still a "mystery". It has been exactly 100 years since Eugen Bleuler put forward the name of "schizophrenia" in 1911, but there is still no breakthrough in the understanding of the nature of the disease. The latest research has found that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by brain dysfunction, and the interaction of complex genetic risk factors with biological and environmental factors leads to the occurrence of the disease. Neuroimaging technology will open the "black box" of the brain, so that mental diseases can be studied as neurological diseases, rather than simply regarded as changes in the number and function of individual neurotransmitters [1]. Kraepelin [2] always believes that schizophrenia has a biological basis, and the most successful example influenced by his view is Alzheimer's discovery of senile plaques and neurofibrous tangles in senile dementia patients. Under this background, The discussion of the neurobiological mechanism of brain structure and brain function in schizophrenia has always been a hot research point in psychiatry.

Objective To explore the variations and their activated brain areas of error-related negativity (ERN) in first episode schizophrenics.Methods ERN was tested by an ERP device and their activated brain areas were compared in 58 first episode schizophrenics (FES) and 62 normal controls (NC) from March 2010 to February 2011.Results ( 1 ) The ERN latencies in the FES group were significantly longer on Cz (58 ± 14 ms),Fz (60 ± 11 ms),C3 (57 ± 17 ms) and C4 (60 ± 13 ms) electrodes compared with those in the NC group (49 ± 13 ms,47 ± 13 ms,50 ± 14 ms,51 ± 12 ms).And the ERN amplitudes were significantly lower than those in the controls in Cz ( 5.0 ± 2.8 μV ; 7.5 ± 3.1 μV,P ＜ 0.0l ),C3 (5.5 ±4.0 μV; 8.0±3.7 μV,P＜0.01),Fz (5.0±3.1 μV; 7.7±3.8 μV,P＜0.01) andPz (4.5± 3.3 μV:7.5 ±3.0 μV,P ＜0.01 ) electrodes.(2) The variations of ERN latencies and amplitudes showed an insignificant correlation with the positive symptom scores and total scores of PANSS.(3) The activation levels of insula,superior temporal gyrus,middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule were obviously lower in the FES group than those in the NC group.Conclusion The anomalies of ERN latencies and amplitudes in first episode schizophrenics may reflect the deficient error-monitoring functions.Further studies are warranted.And such brain areas as insular may contribute pathogenically to the dysfunctions of errormonitoring in schizophrenics.

Objective To explore the characteristics of different subtypes of schizophrenics on prefrontal lobe and thalamus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and its relationship.Methods From August 2007 to April 2010 at our center,a total of 159 schizophrenics fulfilling the third edition criteria of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD-Ⅲ) were recruited.And prefrontal lobe and thalamus were evaluated by muhi-voxel 1H-MRS.There were 88 males and 71 females.There were first-episode (n =54) and not-first-episode (n =105 ),negative subtype ( n =125 )and positive subtype ( n =34 ),medicated ( n =96) and non-medicated ( n =63 ) by different criteria.The levels of N-acetylaspartate ( NAA),choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr determined.Positive and negative syndrome soale (PANSS) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were also assessed.Only 45 normal controls received 1H-MRS.Results On left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus,the NAA/Cr ratios in different subtypes of patients were lower than those in normal controls ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The NAA/Cr ratios in patients of non-first-episode ( 1.48 ± 0.34),negative subtype ( 1.40 ± 0.35 ) and medicated ( 1.47 ± 0.36 ) on right thalamus were also lower than those in normal controls ( 1.62 ± 0.37,t =2.25,3.56,2.28,P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with positive subtype schizophrenics,the NAA/Cr ratios in those of negative subtype on right thalamus were lower ( 1.40 ± 0.35 vs 1.60 ± 0.37,t =2.92,P ＜ 0.01 ).On right thalamus of nonmedicated schizophrenics,there was a negative correlation between the duration of illness and the ratio of NAA/Cr (r =- 0.38,P ＜ 0.05 ) and a positive correlation between the duration of illness and the ratio of Cho/Cr (r =0.43,P ＜0.01 ).On right thalamus of negative subtype schizophrenics,the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS and the score of negative factor respectively ( r =-0.36,-0.40,P＜0.05).On left prefrontal lobe of different subtypes,the ratios of NAA/Cr were negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS,the score of negative factor,responses errors and persistent errors (P ＜ 0.01 ) and positively correlated with completed categories and conceptual level responses ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present on left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus in schizophrenics.And right thalamus is probably involved in non-first-episode subtype,negative subtype and non-medicated subtype.Different subtypes of schizophrenics may have different characteristics of 1 H-MRS due to the duration of illness and their clinical symptoms.

Objective To compare the regional white matter integrity of schizophrenics with impulsive behaviors versus those without.Methods Seventeen patients with first-episode-schizophrenia impulsive behaviors and 24 patients with first-episode-schizophrenia non-impulsive behaviors underwent diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with a single-shot echo planar imaging ( EPI ) sequence aligned to straight axial plane.The fractional anisotropy ( FA ) images of two groups received two-sample t-test with SPM5 software.Results The patients with impulsive behaviors demonstrated a significant decrement of white matter FA values in left precentral gyrus( MNI:x =-28.00,y =-28.72,z =-54.71 ; cluster =79 voxels),left cerebellum anterior lobe ( MNI:x =- 22,y =- 56,z =- 28;cluster =130 voxels) and left occipital lobe (MNI:x =-6,y =-72,z =6; cluster=54 voxels).Conclusion The altered white matter integrity of left precentral gyrus,cerebellum anterior lobe and occipital lobe may be involved in the neural mechanism of impulsive behaviors in schizophrenia.

Objective To explore the potential effects of hydrogen sulfide ( H2S) on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( ICAM-1 ) in lung tissue with oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Forty-two rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control ( n =6),OA ( n =18 ) and OA + NaHS ( n =18 ).Rats in the OA group received an intra-tail vein injection of oleic acid 0.1 ml/kg while those in the OA + NaHS group an intraperitoneal injection of NaHS 56 μ mol/kg at 30 mins before OA injection.The OA and OA + NaHS groups were subdivided into 3 subgroups depending on the therapeutic duration:2 h (n =6),4 h (n =6) and 6 h (n =6).Rats in the control group received an intra-tail vein injection of normal saline 0.1 ml/kg.Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and the leucocytic differential count of sediment examined.The extent of lung injury was evaluated by the index of quantitative assessment (IQA).The H2S level in lung tissue was measured by sensitive sulphur electrode.The nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the expression of ICAM-1 in alveolar epithelial cells were measured by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with the control group,the BALF percentage of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell was significantly higher at 2,4 and 6 h in the OA-treated rats [ (74.5 ± 3.0) ％,( 80.2 ± 2.0) ％,( 87.2 ± 2.7 ) ％ vs ( 3.1 ± 1.6) ％,all P ＜ 0.01 ].And the value of IQA increased significantly versus those at 2,4 and 6 h in the control group (5.2 ±0.8,6.4 ± 0.6,6.8 ±0.8 vs 0.4 ±0.6,all P ＜0.01 ).And the levels of H2S in lung tissue decreased at 2,4 and 6 h [(21.20±0.38) μmol/g,(20.80 ±0.53) μ mol/g,(18.92 ±0.75) μmol/g vs (26.81 ±0.65) μmol/g,all P ＜ 0.01 ].Moreover,the nuclear expression of NF-κB and the membranous expression of ICAM-1 in the alveolar epithelial cells in OA group rats was significantly higher than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).After the dosing of H2 S donor (NaHS),the BALF percentage of PMN cell and the lung IQA decreased in the three subgroup rats (2,4 and 6 h) versus the OA group.And the concentration of H2S increased significantly in the 4 h and 6 h subgroups versus the OA group at the corresponding time points.Simultaneously,the nuclear expression of NF-κB and the membranous expression of ICAM-1 in alveolar epithelial cells were significantly lower than that of the OA group at 4 h and 6 h subgroups ( all P ＜0.05).Conclusion H2S may play a protective role in the ALI rats through the suppression of lung inflammation.And the inhibited expression of alveolar epithelial cell NF-κB mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of H2S.

Objective To explore the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) and triggered activity induced by ouabain in male guinea pig papillary muscles and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods An intracellular microelectrode was used to record the patterns of DAD and triggered activity by K-H solution containing ouabain and a high concentration of calcium ion.The latent period,amplitude,duration of DAD and incidence of triggered activity were observed under a pre-treatment with different concentrations of NaHS (donor of H2S).The effects of glibenclamide,Bay K8644 and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) pretreatment on the actions of H2S were also studied.Results NaHS ( 100,200 μmoL/L) prolonged the latent period of DAD from( 12.0 ± 1.0) min to ( 19.9 ± 1.6) min ( P ＜ 0.05 ),( 23.7 ± 1.3 ) min ( P ＜ 0.01 ),decreased the altitude of DAD from ( 11.47 ±0.74) mV to (6.47 ±0.33) mY,(5.65 ±0.26) mV ( both P ＜0.01 ),shortened the duration of DAD from (205 ± 11 ) ms to ( 173 ± 10) ms and ( 134 ± 7 ) ms ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).The occurrence of triggered activity was inhibited from 5 samples to 4,2 and 1 sample in 6 samples.A pretreatment of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP)-sensitive potassium channel ( KATP ) blocker glibenclamide partially blocked the preventive effects of H2S on ouabain-induced DAD and triggered activity.The effects of H2S were completely blocked by L-type calcium channel agonist Bay K8644 (0.25 μmol/L).However a pretreatment of L-NAME ( 1 mmol/L),a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor,showed no effects on H2S.Conclusion H2S inhibits the ouabain-induced DAD and triggered activity in guinea pig papillary muscles.The opening of KATP channel with a reduced influx of calcium ion may be involved in the protective effects of H2S.

Objective To explore the effects of sodium hydrosulfide ( NaHS),a hydrogen sulphide (H2S) donor,on cardiac functions and structures in rats with chronic heart failure induced by volume overload and examine its influence on cardiac remodelling.Methods A total of 47 SD rats ( 120 - 140 g) were randomly divided into 5 groups:shunt group ( n =11 ),sham group ( n =8),shunt + NaHS group ( n =10),sham + NaHS group ( n =8) and shunt + phentolamine group (n =10).The rat model of chronic heart failure was induced by abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava puncture.At Week 8 post-operation,hemodynamic parameters,microstructures and ultrastructures of myocardial tissues were analyzed.Extracellular collagen content in myocardial tissues was analyzed after Sirius red staining.Right ventricular hydroxyproline concentration was determined and compared.Results At Week 8 post-operation,compared with the sham operation and shunt + NaHS groups,the shunt group showed significantly increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular end diastolic pressure (RVEDP) ( mm Hg:35.2 ±3.9 vs 21.4 ±3.7 and 28.1 ±2.7,32 ±5 vs 21 ±4 and 26 ±4,all P ＜0.05,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa).The RV peak rate of contraction and relaxation markedly decreased ( RV ± dp/dt max) ( mm Hg/s:1528 ± 113 vs 2336 ± 185 and 1835 ± 132,1331 ± 107 vs 2213 ± 212 and 1768 ± 116,all P ＜ 0.05).It was found microscopically that myocardial fibers in the shunt group were irregularly arranged,partially cytolyzed and infiltrated by inflammatory cells.Electron microscopy revealed that myocardial fibers thickened non-uniformly in the shunt group,some fiber mitochondria were highly swollen and contained vacuoles.And sarcoplasmic reticulum appeared slightly dilated.Polarized microscopy indicated that,collagen content (particularly type-Ⅰ collagen) increased in the shunt group compared with the sham operation group.Additionally,compared with the shunt group,the shunt and NaHS treatment groups showed an amelioration of myocardial damage,an alleviation of myocardial fiber changes and a decrease in myocardial collagen content (particularly type-Ⅰ collagen).Compared with the sham operation and shunt + NaHS groups,the shunt group displayed increased right ventricular hydroxyproline ( mg · g-1 · pro:1.32 ±0.25 vs 0.89 ±0.18 and 0.83 ±0.19,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion H2S may improve cardiac functions and ameliorate cardiac structures in rats with chronic heart failure probably through dilating the blood vessels and affecting the extracellular collagen metabolism.

Objective To investigate the status of anxiety and depression for liver transplant (LT) recipients and explore their impact factors.Methods During the period of January 2005 to December 2008,the symptoms of anxiety and depression for 53 post-LT recipients ( LT group) and 48 patients with benign end-stage liver disease ( BELD group) were assessed by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the selfrating depression scale (SDS).And they were compared with that of domestic norm ( Norm group).The impact factors of anxiety and depression for LT recipients were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression.Results The anxiety scores of LT,BELD and Norm groups were (42 ± 9),(47 ± 11 ) and (30 ± 10) and the depression scores of three groups (48 ± 11 ),(52 ± 11 ) and (33 ±9) respectively.The anxiety score was different significantly among three groups(P＜0.01 ).It was higher in the LT and BELD groups than that in the Norm Group( P ＜0.01 )while it was lower in the LT group than that in the BELD group(P ＜0.05).The depression scores were different significantly among three groups(P ＜0.01 ).It was higher in the LT and BELD groups than that in the Norm Group.And it was lower in the LT group than that in the BELD group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The impact factor of anxiety for LT recipients was patient age and that of depression per capita monthly family income.Conclusion The level of anxiety and depression of post-LT recipients is higher than that of domestic norm.The main impact factor for post-LT anxiety is patient age and that of depression per capita monthly family income.

Objective To study the relationship between the intraoperative hypothermia and the residual neuromuscular of single intubation dose of vecuronium.Methods The designed patients were from July to December in 2009.There are 36 male and 44 female cases.Their age was 19 to 59 years.The induction and sustaining are routine method.There were no additional muscle relaxant.Intraoperative nasopharyngeal temperature ( T ) ＜ 36 ℃ for the intraoperative hypothermia ( LBT group ) or nonintraoperative hypothermia group (NBT group ).The patients turn back the PACU with tracheal intubation.Measured TOFr immediately after extubation.Results The incidence of residual neuromuscular single intubation dose of vecuronium was 28.7％.The incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular was 43.2％ ( 16/37 ) in the LBT group.The incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular was 16.3％ (7/43) in the NBT group.LBT group compared with the NBT group the incidence of postoperative residual neuromuscular was significant differences( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The incidence of residual neuromuscular increases.When patients in the surgery exist low body temperature.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical treatment of infectious abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA).Methods All 3 IAAA patients at our department in 2010 underwent the combined procedures of axillary-bilateral femoral arterial bypass and IAAA resection.Their clinical data were collected and analyzed.Results There was no intraoperative death or complication.On average,the operative duration was 5 hours and the estimated blood loss 1500 ml.All patients received a 2-week post-operative regimen of antibiotics.And they recovered with healed incision in the first intention.No fever,abdominal symptom or intermittent claudication occurred during a 4-month follow-up period.Conclusion Axillarybilateral femoral arterial bypass plus IAAA resection is an effective surgical procedure for resecting IAAA,assuring arterial blood supply to lower limbs and preventing post-operative graft infections.The short-term therapeutic efficacy is satisfactory,but its long-term efficacy requires further follow-ups.

Objective To perform a meta-analysis to explore the evolutions of apparent diffusion coefficient during different stages of ischemic stroke.Methods The relevant English and Chinese articles published from 2001 to 2010 were retrieved from the databases of Cochrane Library,Pubmed,Elsevier and Chinese Knowledge Resource Integrated Database ( CNKI ).According to the criteria of diagnostic researches published by the Cochrane Method Group on Screening & Diagnostic Tests,each article was critically appraised.We tested their heterogeneity,selected the corresponding effect model and calculated pooled weighted effect size and corresponding 95％ CI.Results By the established inclusion criteria,we retrieved 34 studies with 20 English and 14 Chinese articles.The pooled apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion weighted imaging-magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) and 95％ CI of hyper-acute,acute,sub-acute,chronic stroke were 0.53 ( 0.45 - 0.60 ),0.50 ( 0.47 - 0.53 ),0.66 ( 0.62 - 0.70 ),1.20 ( 1.01 - 1.38 ) while those of penumbra and control were 0.70 ( 0.68 - 0.89 ) and 0.87 ( 0.84 - 0.91 ) respectively.The ADC values of hyper-acute and acute stroke were obviously lower than that of penumbra and it had statistical significance (both P ＜0.05).The ADC values of hyper-acute,acute,sub-acute and chronic stroke were obviously different from that of control and it had statistical significance [ 0.53 (0.45 -0.60) × 10-3s/mm,0.50(0.47 -0.53) × 10-3s/mm,0.66(0.62 -0.70) × 10-3s/mm,1.20(1.01 -1.38 ) × 10 -3s/mm vs 0.87(0.84 -0.91 ) × 10 -3s/mm,all P ＜0.05 ].Conclusions As indicated by our meta-analysis,the ADC values can quantitatively evaluate different stages of stroke and guide the choices of treatment methods.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacies,indications and application values of posterior fusion plus pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of upper cervical spine instability.Methods From May 2006 to December 2010,a total of 24 patients with atlantoaxial instability were treated with C1-2 pedicle screws and rod fixation under general anesthesia.There were 18 males and 6 females with a mean age of 49.8 years old ( range:17 - 69 ).Results The postoperative radiographs verified a good position of all screws with satisfactory atlantoaxial reduction.A mean follow-up period of 23 months (range:3 -45 ) showed no injury of spinal cord and vertebral artery or interfixation failure.Atlantoaxial alignment and stability were restored without instrumentation-related complications.Conclusion Posterior atlantoaxial pedicle screw and rod fixation provide immediate three-dimensional rigid fixation of atlantoaxial joint.It is a more effective technique than with previously reported techniques.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with cervical cancer over the last two decades in Beijing so as to provide scientific rationales for the management of cervical cancer.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was employed to analyze a total of 1399 invasive cervical cancer cases from different class hospitals in Beijing during the period of 1990 -2009.Results ( 1 ) The number of cervical cancer cases had been rising over the last 2 decades.(2) The age of onset ranged from 17 to 88 years old; the number of patients with stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 772 (57.1％ ),380 ( 28.1％ ),182 ( 13.5％ ) and 18 ( 1.3％ ) respectively; 1135 ( 83.1％ ) patients were of squamous cell carcinoma while 182 ( 13.3％ ) adenocarcinoma.The last two decades was divided into 4 groups of 5 years each.The average age gradually decreased from 58.2 to 46.0 years old( P ＜ 0.01 ).The proportion of patients with stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ also increased from 69.6％ (16/23) to 89.4％ (530/856) ; There was no significant change in histopathologic type of cervical cancer.And squamous cell carcinoma of cervix remained the predominant type(P ＞0.05).(3) About 26.0％ (364/1399) of cases received no vagino-recto-abdominal examination while 3.4％ (48/1399) of cases were not staged.Conclusion Over the last two decades,the number of newly diagnosed cervical cancer cases has showed a rising trend in Beijing.And the proportions of young patients and patients with early disease have both increased.Some irregularities still exist in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.So we should pay more attention to the screening program and standardize the diagnosis,therapy and follow-up of cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the relationship of electrical activity of diaphragm (EAdi) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in a rabbit model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods The rabbit model of ARDS was induced by an intratracheal infusion of hydrochloric acid.After asufficient amount of recruitment maneuvers ( RM ),the level:the PEEP levels were ( 10.4 ± 1.0) cm H2O in EAdi group and (9.7 ± 2.1 ) cm H2O in rabbits were divided into 2 groups:( 1 ) PEEP titration with EAdi (EAdi group); (2)PEEP titration with maximum oxygenation (maximum oxygenation group).The tidal volume was 6 ml/kg in 2 groups.Pulmonary mechanics,gas exchange and hemodynamic were observed in two groups at baseline,after lung injury and ventilation 1,2,3 h respectively.Results (1)PEEP maximum oxygenation group.There was no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).(2) Pulmonary mechanics:there was no significant difference in peak pressure (Ppeak) and mean pressure (Pm) between two groups at ventilation 1,2,3 h (P ＞0.05).(3)Gas exchange:at ventilation 1,2,3 h,the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in EAdi group was higher than that of after lung injury ( P ＜ 0.05 ) and there was no significant difference in PaO2/FiO2 and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ( PaCO2 )between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).(4) Hemodynamic:at ventilation 1,2,3 h,the heart rate (HR) and mean artery pressure (MAP) in EAdi group had no significant differences with baseline,after lung injury and maximum oxygenation group (P ＞0.05 ).Conclusion EAdi may be an ideal method for PEEP titration at post-RM in an ARDS model.

Objective To examine the selective killing effects of pEGFP-C1-mediated double suicide gene system driven by the hTERT promoter (hTERT-CDglyTK) on hepatic carcinoma cells.Methods The hTERT promoter and gene fragments SV40,yCD and TKgly were amplified by PCR ( polymerase chain reaction) and then inserted into pEGFP-C1.And the constructs of pEGFP-hTERT-CD,pEGFP-hTERT-TK and pEGFP-hTERT-CDglyTK were transfected to SMMC 7721 or HL7702 respectively.The transfectional effects were observed and the cellular expressions of suicide genes detected by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ),QPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction ) and Western blot.The transfected cells were treated with 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir at different concentrations and the cell-killing and bystander effects evaluated by the method of MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-yl)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide ).The activity of cell telomerase was detected by the method of TRAP-argentation and the apoptotic rates analyzed by flow cytometry.All results of double and single gene systems were analyzed.Results The fragments of enzyme digestion corresponded to the expectations.RT-PCR,QPCR and Western blot demonstrated the expressions of CD,TK and CDglyTK.pEGFP-hTERT-CD,pEGFP-hTERT-TK and pEGFP-hTERT-CDglyTK showed the similar transfection efficiencies in SMMC7721 (74.5％,76.3％,76.9％ ).More sensitive to the prodrugs ( P =0.020,P =0.015 ),higher apoptotic rates ( P =0.023,P =0.017 ) and bystander effects ( P =0.012,P =0.001 ) and lower telomerase activities ( P =0.045,P =0.038) were observed in double gene system versus those in single gene system.However,the transfection and growth of HL7702 cell could not be infected by this double suicide gene.Conclusion The plasmid of CDglyTK fusion gene system driven by hTERT promoter has been successfully constructed.It has demonstrated highly specific killing effects on hepatic carcinoma cells.

Malignant glioma is the primary intracranial tumor with the highest incidence. Although the comprehensive treatment (including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) has made great progress in recent years, the prognosis of malignant glioma has not improved significantly [1]. Studies have shown that one of the important reasons for the recurrence and poor prognosis of glioma patients is that tumor cells evade the surveillance of the body's immune system.The activation of T cells in anti-tumor immunity is very important, and the activation of T cells needs to recognize dual signaling systems [2]: the first signal is provided by the combination of antigen-specific receptors on the surface of T cells and MHC-antigen peptide complexes on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC); The second signal is generated by the binding of B7 family or other costimulatory molecules on the APC to corresponding receptors on the surface of T cells.

In recent 10 years, people's understanding of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has changed greatly from atmospheric pollutants and industrial waste gases to important gas signal molecules in the body [1]. More and more studies have shown that the disorder of endogenous generation and regulation of H2S is involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of many diseases, and has important pathophysiological significance. Many studies at home and abroad have reported that endogenous H2S plays an important regulatory role in cardiovascular diseases and pathophysiological links.

A 62-year-old male was admitted to the hospital on March 1, 2010, mainly due to "episodic left hemianesthesia weakness with dizziness for 3 days". Three days ago, he had sudden left hemianesthesia numbness in quiet state without inducement, difficulty in holding objects on his left upper limb, ability to walk on his left lower limb, accompanied by dizziness, no rotation of vision, no nausea and vomiting, which lasted for 5 minutes and relieved spontaneously. The attack was repeated 7 times in total, with the same symptoms at the time of attack. No new infarction was found on MRI of the head. He was admitted to the hospital after taking 100 mg of aspirin once/d orally for 8 years. He was treated with metformin, pioglitazone and glimepiride orally. He had poor blood sugar control, no hypertension and hyperlipidemia. He smoked for 40 years, 7-8 cigarettes a day, and drank a small amount of alcohol. Physical examination at admission (the patient had no attack): blood pressure 140/80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa, the same left and right), clear mind, sharp speech, no abnormalities in cranial nerves, soft neck, muscle strength of limbs grade V, normal muscle tone, symmetric tendon reflex, negative pathological signs, steady and accurate mutaxial movement, left