Volume 86  ·   Issue 28  ·  2006

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for about 9.09% of the total population in China, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection accounts for about 3.2% of the total population, which seriously endangers the health of our people.The antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) mainly include common interferon α, peginterferon, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil and entecavir, and the future development direction is the research and development of novel nucleoside analogues; The main antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are the combination of common interferon α, pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The future development direction is to develop NS3 serine protease inhibitors and NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors. However, these fields are dominated by foreign research, and we still have a considerable gap. If we do not strengthen the basic research of hepatitis virus and viral hepatitis, this gap can only be widened. Strengthening the basic research of viral hepatitis is the only correct choice for us.

Objective to compare the effects of conventional cardiopulmonary bypass coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) and off-cardiopulmonary bypass coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) on serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels.Methods The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein A and B (ApoA1 and ApoB) were analyzed in 79 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) before and 24 h, 72 h, 7 d, 10 d, 14 d and 28 d after surgery. Results (1) There was no significant difference between 41 cases in CCABG group and 38 cases in OPCAB group. TC and LDL-C in the two groups decreased significantly at 24 h, 72 h, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d after surgery (P<0.001), and reached the lowest value at 24 h after surgery, gradually increased but still lower than that before surgery (P<0.001), and exceeded the preoperative baseline level at 28 d (P<0.05); (2) TG and HDL-C reached the lowest level at 24 hours after operation (P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between 72 hours, 7 days, 10 days and 14 days before operation (P>0.05). TG exceeded the preoperative baseline level at 28 days (P<0.05); (3) ApoA1 reached the lowest value at 24 h after operation (0.82 mmol/L±0.28 mmol/L,0.81 mmol/L±0.24 mmol/L), gradually increased in each period thereafter but was still lower than that before operation (1.16 mmol/L±0.26 mmol/L,0.96 mmol/L±0.25 mmol/L,P<0.001), and returned to the preoperative level at 28 d (1.12 mmol/L±0.32 mmol/L,0.92 mmol/L±0.29 mmol/L,P>0.05), and ApoB reached the lowest value at 24 h after operation (0.47 mmol/L±0.15 mmol/L,0.59 mmol/L±0.36 mmol/L). There was no significant difference between the subsequent periods and the preoperative period (P>0.05). Conclusion Both procedures have significant effects on blood lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism, and lipid-lowering treatment should be done as soon as possible after operation.

Objective to investigate the effect of parthenolide (PTL) on multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and its mechanism. Methods Human MM cell line PRMI8266 was cultured and treated with different concentrations of PTL for different times. The cell proliferation and activity were detected by tetramethylazolium salt colorimetric assay (MTT assay) and trypan blue rejection. The cell morphological changes were observed by AO/EB staining fluorescence microscope and Wright-Giemsa staining. The cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry, and the activity of Caspase-3 was determined by enzyme substrate assay. Results (1) PTL at 1~10 μ mol/L inhibited the growth curve and activity of MM cells significantly in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The activity inhibition of 5 μ mol/L for 48 h was close to 50%; (2) After 48 h treatment with 5 μ mol/L PTL, obvious morphological changes were observed. The cell morphology became smaller, the cytoplasm decreased, the cell body and nucleus pyknosis, and the apoptotic bodies appeared; (3) The apoptosis rates of MM cells after 48 h treatment with 2 μ mol/L, 5 μ mol/L and 10 μ mol/L PTL were 17.1%±2.6%, 33.6%±3.8% and 40.9%±3.1%, respectively, compared with 5.6%±1.2% in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01); (4) The activity of caspase-3 in MM cells was significantly enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01) after 48 h treatment with PTL. Conclusion PTL can significantly inhibit the growth and activity of MM cells in vitro, and its mechanism is to enhance the activity of caspase-3 and induce apoptosis of MM cells; PTL as a new inducer of apoptosis in MM cells, its target and in vivo effect should be studied further.

Objective to investigate the existence of gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) -B receptor autocrine loop in gastric cancer tissues and its role in the development of gastric carcinoma. Methods Human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was incubated in 10% neonatal calf serum RPMI-1640 medium at 37℃ and 5% CO2. The autocrine loop of gastrin/CCK-B receptor in SGC-7901 cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The effect of anti-gastrin monoclonal antibody blocking autocrine loop on cell growth and apoptosis. SGC-7901 cells were incubated with different concentrations of anti-gastrin monoclonal antibody for 72 h. The cells were collected, and the cell growth rate, cell cycle and apoptotic cells were detected by tetramethylazole salt colorimetry and flow cytometry, respectively. Results SGC-7901 cells expressed CCK-B receptor and gastrin gene, and their sequences were After blocking the autocrine loop with anti-gastrin monoclonal antibody, the cell growth rate decreased from 100% to 31.4% (antibody concentration was 2 μ g/ml), while the cell number in S phase decreased from 27.8% to 9.5% (antibody concentration was 1.2 μ g/ml), and the apoptosis rate increased from 0.9% (sub-G1 peak method) and 1.1% (annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining method) to 6.5% (sub-G1 peak method) and 7.5% (annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining method) respectively. Conclusion There is a gastrin/CCK-B receptor autocrine loop in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Blocking the autocrine loop can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.

Objective to investigate the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Methods HSC strains were cultured in experimental group (NGF 50, 100 and 150 ng/ml intervention HSC) and control group (HSC culture alone) for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The apoptosis of HSC was observed by in situ hybridization apoptosis detection (TUNEL); The rate of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; Results ①MTT assay showed that the proliferation rate of HSC in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group when different concentrations of NGF were treated for 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). When the concentration of NGF was 100 ng/ml, the proliferation rate of HSC was most significantly lower than that in the control group (0.63±0.02 vs 0.77±0.03, P<0.05); ② When the optimal concentration of NGF (100ng/ml) was treated with HSC for 24, 48 and 72 h, the proliferation rate of HSC at 72 h was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.48±0.03 vs 0.89±0.01, P<0.05), and the decrease of proliferation rate was time-dependent; ③ When the optimal concentration of NGF (100ng/ml) was treated with HSC for 24h, TUNEL method showed that the apoptosis rate of HSC was significantly higher than that of the control group (10.2%±1.2%vs 1.6%±0.1%,P<0.05); At the same time, flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of HSC was 6.2%±0.2%, while the control group had no apoptosis; ④NGF has no obvious effect on the morphology of HSC. Conclusion NGF can induce apoptosis of activated HSC in vitro.

Objective to investigate the mechanism of vitamin K3 relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Methods the contraction amplitude and frequency of colon smooth muscle strips in guinea pigs were measured by TD-112S sensor; Cell membrane calcium-dependent potassium current (IK (ca)) was measured by EPC10 patch-clamp amplifier in whole cell mode. Results After vitamin K3 at 40, 100, 400 and 800 μ mol/L concentrations, the contraction frequency of muscle strips was 79% ± 4%, 58% ± 5%, 33% ± 4% and 12% ± 3% respectively (all P<0.01). The contraction intensity was 77% ± 10%, 54% ± 7%, 30% ± 6% and 11% ± 4% respectively (all P<0.01). At +60 mV, the I K (ca) values were 120% ± 18%, 149% ± 12%, 197% ± 19% and 223% ± 14% respectively (all P<0.01). Conclusion Vitamin K3 can inhibit the frequency and intensity of spontaneous contraction of smooth muscle and enhance cell membrane IK (ca) in a concentration-dependent manner. Its mechanism is related to the activation of calcium-dependent potassium channels and promoting potassium ion outflow.

Objective to evaluate the therapeutic effect of thymectomy in 67 patients with myasthenia gravis. Methods The clinical data of 67 patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy from December 1995 to December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, surgical methods, perioperative management and therapeutic effect were discussed. Results According to Monden criteria, the therapeutic effect was evaluated: 22 cases (32.8%) were relieved, 26 cases (38.8%) were improved, 14 cases (20.9%) were unchanged, and 5 cases (7.5%) were deteriorated. The total effective rate was 71.6%. Conclusion Thymectomy is reliable in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, and thymectomy should be actively performed in patients with MG.

Objective to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephroscopic pneumatic ballistic surgery combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy in the treatment of kidney stones. Methods From September 2003 to August 2005, 486 patients with 509 kidney stones were treated with percutaneous nephroscopic pneumatic ballistic surgery combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results 478 patients successfully established 20.8-24F cutaneous renal channel and received stage I lithotripsy, 6 patients received stage II lithotripsy, and 2 patients were changed to open operation due to bleeding. The average operation time was 73 min, and the average stone treatment time was 41 min. There were no surgical complications such as pneumothorax and intestinal injury in this group. After reexamination of KUB plain film, 438 kidney stones were cleared, and the stone clearing rate was 86.1%; Conclusion Percutaneous nephroscopy with pneumatic ballistics combined with ultrasonic lithotripsy is efficient and safe in the treatment of kidney stones, and it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective to observe the expression and clinical significance of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1 α) and its target gene Glut-1 protein in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and clear cell renal carcinoma. Methods the activity of HIF-1 α protein in 25 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, 16 cases of clear cell renal carcinoma and normal control tissues of the same patient 5 cm away from the tumor was determined by TransAMTM enzyme-linked assay. The expression of Glut-1 protein in paraffin tissues of 58 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and 38 cases of clear cell carcinoma of kidney was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results the content of HIF-1 in TCC of bladder was (3.38±1.71) μ g/well plate, which was significantly higher than that of adjacent normal kidney tissues (2.23±1.07) μ g/well plate, and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.03). The content of HIF-1 α in TCC of bladder was lower than that in control, but the difference was small. The content of HIF-1 in bladder cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal bladder tissues, but the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.60). There was no expression of Glut-1 protein in 12 cases of normal bladder mucosa and 16 cases of normal kidney tissues. The expression of Glut-1 protein was significantly enhanced in both bladder cancer and kidney cancer tissues, and the positive rate of Glut-1 protein was widely expressed in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, with a positive rate of 77.9% (45/58). The positive expression rates of Glut-1 in G1, G2 and G3 bladder cancer tissues were 66.7%, 89.1% and 53.3%, respectively. The positive expression rate of Glut-1 in 31 cases of superficial bladder cancer was 83.9%, and the positive expression rate of Glut-1 in invasive bladder cancer was 70.4%. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P =0.90), suggesting that the expression of Glut-1 protein was not related to the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. All 58 cases in this group were followed up for more than 2 years, among which 19 cases of superficial bladder cancer recurred within 2 years, 12 cases without recurrence, and there was no difference in the expression distribution of Glut-1 protein between 19 cases in the recurrence group and 12 cases in the non-recurrence group (P =0.90), suggesting that the expression of Glut-1 protein was not related to the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Glut-1 gene is involved in the formation of clear renal carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Objective to detect the serum protein profiles of patients with chronic graft nephropathy (CAN) by surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), and to construct the serum protein fingerprint of CAN and its early diagnostic effect on the disease. Methods The serum protein profiles of 24 long-term survivors (LS) with completely normal renal function and 15 patients with CAN were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS and weak cation exchange chip (CM10), and the data were discriminated and analyzed by software to screen for specific protein molecular markers. Results For each serum sample, the mass spectrometry system produced 78 significant protein peaks, and the difference of 18 proteins was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the difference of 6 proteins (mass-to-charge ratio 2476.0, 3078.7, 3190.5, 4076.5, 4506.0, 6178.4) was extremely significant (P<0.01). The mass-to-charge ratio 3078.7 was used as a single molecular marker to distinguish between LS and CAN patients (P =0.0001). Its diagnostic performance ratio is 0.307. Conclusion Serum protein fingerprint constructed by SELDI-TOF-MS has high value in the diagnosis of CAN.

Objective to detect the expression of nucleosome binding protein 1 (NSBP1) in normal prostate (NP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) tissues, and to explore its relationship with the occurrence and development of prostate diseases.Methods Western blot was used to detect the difference of protein expression of NSBP1 in 10 NP tissues and 15 PCa tissues. The expression levels of NSBP1 in 19 NP tissues, 26 BPH tissues and 40 PCa tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results the protein expression of NSBP1 in PCa tissues was higher than that in NP tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (t =37.308, P<0.01). The positive and weakly positive expression rates of NSBP1 in the three tissues were 56.5% (48/85), among which 36.8% (7/19), 34.6% (9/26) and 80.0% (32/40) in NP, BPH and PCa tissues, respectively. The expression levels of NSBP1 in PCa tissues were significantly higher than those in NP and BPH tissues (t = -3.569, -4.152, P<0.01). The expression levels of NSBP1 in PCa were not correlated with the pathological stage of PCa, Gleason score (GS) and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) (P =0.911, 0.666, 0.779). Conclusion NSBP1 is highly expressed in PCa and may be involved in the occurrence and development of PCa.

Objective to investigate whether the polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene Taq Ⅰ T/C and Fok ⅠC/T are associated with the outcome of HBV infection. Methods A case-control study was conducted in which 212 patients with self-limited HBV infection, 244 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 391 patients with chronic hepatitis B were recruited as the subjects. The genotyping of VDR gene Taq Ⅰ and Fok Ⅰ was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The frequency of VDR-Fok Ⅰ C allele was 45.8% in chronic hepatitis B group, which was significantly higher than that of 38.2% in self-limited infection group (χ 2=6.43, P =0.01). The frequency of TT, TC and CC genotypes in chronic hepatitis B group was 30.7%, 47.1% and 22.2%, respectively, and the frequency of genotypes of VDR-Fok Ⅰ was statistically significant compared with that of 41.0%, 41.5% and 17.5% in self-limited infection group (χ 2=6.76, P =0.03). There was no significant association between VDR-TaqⅠ T/C polymorphism and HBV infection outcome. Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of TaqⅠ T-Fok C in chronic hepatitis B group was 2.3080%, which was significantly higher than that in HBV self-limited infection group (0.5391%) (χ 2=6.08, P =0.01); The frequency of TaqⅠ T-FokⅠ T in chronic hepatitis B group was 1.5283%, which was significantly lower than 3.7061% in HBV self-limited infection group (χ 2=5.65,P =0.02) and 3.4820% in HBV carrier group (χ 2=5.12,P =0.02). Conclusion VDR gene polymorphism may be one of the factors affecting the outcome of HBV infection.

Objective to investigate the influence of HBV genotypes (B and C) on serum and intrahepatic HBsAg expression.Methods 76 patients with chronic hepatitis B admitted to the Department of Infectious Medicine of Guangzhou Nanfang Hospital were selected, with corresponding serum and liver tissue sections in the same period. HBV genotyping was performed by PCRRFLP method; Quantitative detection of serum HBsAg by Abbott Architect method; HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody, and the number of positive cells was counted. The DNA of serum HBsAg was determined in 6 patients with genotype B and 8 patients with genotype C. Results Four genotypes were detected: B (47 cases), C (21 cases), D (3 cases) and B/C mixture (5 cases). There was no difference in serum HBsAg levels between genotype B and C, but the expression of HBsAg in liver of HBV genotype C was higher than that of HBV genotype B (P<0.01). In HBV genotype B patients, the distribution of HBsAg positive hepatocytes was mostly single or scattered (22/47), and in HBV genotype C patients, the distribution of HBsAg positive hepatocytes was mostly widespread (8/21) (P<0.01). In HBV genotype B patients, the expression of HBsAg and HBV DNA in serum (r =0.674, P =0.000), nucleus of core antigen (r =0.534, P =0.000) and cytoplasm (r =0.405, P = In patients with genotype C, serum HBsAg was only positively correlated with serum HBV DNA (r =0.503, P =0.017), and the intrahepatic HBsAg level was only positively correlated with the expression level of HBcAg in hepatocytoplasm in patients with genotype B (r =0.318, P =0.029), but no correlation with the expression level of serum HBsAg, HBV DNA and core antigen in the nucleus. However, the serum HBsAg level of genotype B was significantly correlated with the virus replication level.

A 31-year-old female was admitted to hospital on 29 November 2005 due to repeated subcutaneous muscle hematoma and extensive skin ecchymosis over 1 year. In August 2004, the patient appeared large ecchymosis, swelling and severe pain on the left shoulder after inappropriate arm exertion. He went to Chongqing Southwest Hospital and was discharged after hormone therapy. In November 2004, the patient appeared tingling pain in the right hip joint after spraining his foot, followed by large ecchymosis, and gradually swelling on his right thigh. CT scan of Chongqing Southwest Hospital showed hematoma, and the symptoms improved after hemostasis and other treatments.

Hepatitis B virus is a high-incidence infectious disease in China. There are about 120 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and 20-30 million patients with chronic hepatitis B virus in China. At present, there are two main types of antiviral drugs in clinical application in China: one is α-interferon, and the other is nucleoside or nucleotide analogue, mainly including lamivudine and adefovir [1]. In March 2005, the US FDA approved the marketing of a new generation of anti-HBV nucleoside analogue drug entecavir [2]. entecavir has the advantages of strong antiviral effect, small side effects and low incidence of clinical drug resistance, and is considered to have a good clinical application prospect. The drug has also completed the pre-marketing clinical validation in China, and was approved by the SFDA in November 2005. The research progress of entecavir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B reported at home and abroad is reviewed.

rheolytic thrombectomy can successfully treat acute obstruction of lower extremity blood vessels, dialysis bridges, intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, congenital coronary artery (CA) disease and saphenous vein bridges, but there are few studies on its efficacy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A team headed by Dr. Makaryus An from Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New Hyde Park, New York, USA, investigated the efficacy of AngioJet (R) rheolytic TM thrombectomy catheter in removing thrombus within 12 hours and 12 hours after AMI. The results were published in April<J Interven Cardiol, 2006, 19:135-140.

alcoholic liver disease (ALD) ranks in the forefront of morbidity and mortality in the world.The accumulation of liver fat is the initial characteristic of ALD.Recent studies suggest that steatosis not only plays a role in the initiation of ALD,but also plays a key role in the progression of ALD.Patients with fatty liver are more likely to develop alcoholic cirrhosis.There is still a lack of effective measures to prevent and reverse ALD.

Stress echocardiography has been used in clinic since 1979 and has developed into a non-invasive examination method for diagnosing coronary heart disease, detecting myocardial survival and judging prognosis [1]. Non-invasive myocardial ischemia detection before coronary angiography is one of the diagnosis and treatment strategies for whether to actively intervene, stratify clinical risk and evaluate prognosis in coronary angiography [2]. In this study, the results of selective coronary angiography were used as the "gold standard" for diagnosing coronary heart disease, and the value of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in diagnosing coronary heart disease and evaluating restenosis after coronary intervention (PCI) was discussed.

Inhaled insulin can avoid the fear and psychological resistance caused by injected insulin, which has always been an attractive and challenging hot field. In this study, the first phase clinical study of inhaled insulin powder (Ins-P) developed by Shenzhen Chuangxinhui Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. was carried out, and the relative bioavailability (F) of Ins-P and other pharmacokinetic indexes were analyzed by comparing subcutaneous injection of conventional insulin (RI).

hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) accounts for about 6.2% of vascular complications after transplantation [1]. Clinically, transaminase and bilirubin are mainly elevated in varying degrees. Mild cases are occult, and severe cases can lead to hepatic parenchymal infarction, biliary necrosis, and even transplanted liver failure. Early and timely correction of hepatic artery stenosis can help to recover liver function, reduce biliary complications, and prolong survival [2, 3]. At present, clinical diagnosis mainly depends on color ultrasound, and due to the limitation of examination technology and conditions, there are many missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses [4, 5]. Multi-slice spiral CT can realize high-quality multi-phase dynamic enhanced scanning, and on this basis, CT angiography (CTA) can provide important and intuitive imaging information for abdominal vascular lesions, which is of great value for early diagnosis of hepatic artery stenosis after transplantation [5-7]. At present, there are few relevant reports in domestic literature. In this study, the results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were used as a control to analyze the diagnostic ability and clinical significance of multi-slice CT in hepatic artery stenosis after transplantation.

Recently, it has been reported that PTEN, a product of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), has a negative regulatory effect on myocardial hypertrophy [1,2]. At present, the mechanism of PTEN negative regulation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is not clear, and whether ERK-activated kinase 1 (MEK1) /extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway is involved in it is not reported. In this study, a primary cultured cardiomyocyte model with overexpression of PTEN was constructed to examine the effect of PTEN on the expression of ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) protein in cells stimulated by angiotensin Ⅱ (ANG Ⅱ), and to explore the possible mechanism of PTEN negative regulation of myocardial hypertrophy.