2017年 · 第97卷第05期

Oxygen therapy is the first-line treatment for hypoxemic respiratory failure. It is difficult for ordinary oxygen therapy to meet the demand of high flow and high concentration of oxygen in patients with respiratory failure. Because it cannot provide good warming and humidification, ordinary oxygen therapy often leads to damage of airway mucosal function. non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can reduce the application of invasive mechanical ventilation and avoid the complications related to tracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. However, NIV has high requirements for the tightness of face mask and the cooperation degree to patients, and the comfort degree is poor, so patients are prone to intolerance. In recent years, high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation (HFNCO) has attracted attention. HFNCO is a warming and humidifying high-flow oxygen therapy method. High-flow gas from an air-oxygen mixer, ventilator or turbine-driven unit is warmed and humidified through an active warming humidifier and a single warming line. The gas flow rate delivered by the device can reach up to 60 L/min and the oxygen concentration can reach up to 100%. When the gas higher than the peak inspiratory flow rate of the patient is given, it can ensure that the inhaled oxygen concentration does not vary depending on the inspiratory flow rate of the patient, so that the supplied oxygen concentration is accurate and stable.

relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare autoimmune disease that can involve the cartilage structures of multiple organs such as the ear, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and surrounding joints, and develop progressively aggravated inflammatory lesions. RP combined with central nervous system damage is extremely rare and can be manifested as an acute or subacute pathogenesis, and nervous system damage can occur at any stage of RP. In this study, we retrospectively summarized 3 cases of RP-related central nervous system damage, and summarized and analyzed the diagnosis and treatment process.

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by extensive fibrosis of multiple organs, microvascular disease, innate immunity and adaptive immune disorders^[1]Its clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Macrophages and T cells are mainly involved in vascular inflammatory infiltration, and act on fibroblasts by releasing pro-inflammatory factors and pro-fibrotic factors to cause tissue fibrosis^[2]。 Vascular disease is also one of the first symptoms of the disease. Progressive vascular disease can lead to further decrease in the number of capillaries, thickening of blood vessel walls, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, narrowing of cell cavities, and ultimately tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress^[3]。 It has recently been found that abnormal expression of chemokines plays an important role in systemic sclerosis.

3D Printing technology, also known as "additive manufacturing" technology (also known as additive manufacturing), refers to a process of making three-dimensional entities by computer control, contrary to traditional material removal processing methods, using "layered manufacturing, layer by layer superposition" method^[1]。 It is a rapid prototyping technology that provides efficient solutions for fast and precise personalized manufacturing, and has been hailed as one of The important symbols of The third industrial revolution by The Economist magazine in The UK^[2]。