2016年 · 第96卷第15期

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was originally used to reflect the distribution of hydrogen protons and their related physical properties in water and lipids; After more than half a century of development, magnetic resonance imaging technology has been continuously innovated, which not only greatly shortens the imaging time, but also expands its application fields. The innovation of technology originates from the demand of practice, and practice can in turn promote and improve the development of technology. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques have changed from relatively single T₁, T₂Weighted imaging, and later diffusion, perfusion and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, modern magnetic resonance has become a veritable multimodal imaging. During this development, the application of every new technology has influenced the practice of medicine. We used diffusion imaging to reflect the cell density of tissue, and then judged the benign and malignant tissue; We used perfusion imaging to judge the tissue angiogenesis, so as to know the tissue activity; We used spectral imaging to determine the metabolites of tissues, and then further analyzed the types of tissues. So, what kind of technology is next to influence and change the practice of medicine? We turn our attention to the magnetic resonance technology-amide proton transfer, which is currently at the forefront of international development and gradually applied to many clinical applications (amide proton transfer, APT).

autoinflammatory bone diseases (autoinflammatory bone diseases) are a new branch of autoinflammatory diseases. Due to innate immune abnormalities, immune cells infiltrate the bone, followed by osteoclast differentiation and activation, and finally cause aseptic inflammation of the bone, often accompanied by skin and intestinal inflammation^[1], pathogenic culture and histopathology lack any etiological evidence^[2,3,4]。 This group of diseases includes monogenic and polygenic diseases, the former including: suppurative aseptic arthritis-pyoderma gangrenosum-acne (PAPA) syndrome, Majeed syndrome, interleukin (IL) -1 receptor antagonist deficiency (DIRA); The latter include: chronic aseptic osteomyelitis (CNO) /chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), synovitis-acne-impetigo-bone hypertrophy-osteomyelitis (SAPHO) syndrome^[5,6,7]。

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, mainly manifested as progressive comprehensive cognitive dysfunction; The main pathological manifestations were the formation of intracellular neuro fibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular amyloid senile plaques (SP). From the genetic point of view, AD can be classified into familial AD (FAD) and sporadic AD (SAD). FAD is familial, with a young onset age and often accompanied by various non-cognitive neurological symptoms and signs; However, SAD has no obvious genetic predisposition, sporadic onset, and the main clinical manifestations are progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. The main mutant genes associated with FAD are amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin1 (PSEN1) and presenilin2 (PSEN2). These genes are involved in or influence the amyloid A β production process: increasing total A β, A β 40, A β 42 production or altering the A β 42/A β 40 production ratio. However, recent studies have also found that mutations at some sites of APP gene can significantly reduce A β 42^[1,2]Even inhibiting A β production^[3]； Based on the amyloid waterfall hypothesis, these APP gene mutations may have neuroprotective effects, but their specific mechanisms are still unclear. The pathogenicity of APP gene mutation and its possible protective mechanism will be reviewed in this paper.

miRNAs (microRNAs, miRNAs) are non-coding regulatory small RNAs, which regulate gene expression in a "gene silencing" manner at the post-transcriptional level, and play an important role in regulating tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis^[1]。 miRNAs can be divided into two categories according to their regulatory effects on tumor bone metastasis: anti-tumor bone metastasis miRNAs and pro-tumor bone metastasis miRNAs. The expression of miRNAs is tissue and spatiotemporal specificity, and the expression and function of miRNAs may be very different in different types of tumors and different stages of progression. In general, the expression of anti-tumor bone metastasis miRNAs in malignant tumors (especially breast cancer, thyroid cancer and prostate cancer with high incidence of bone metastasis) is down-regulated, and the expression of pro-tumor bone metastasis miRNAs is up-regulated, and the overall effect is to promote tumor bone metastasis. Studies have shown that reversal of miRNAs expression by biological or physical means can produce anti-tumor bone metastasis effects. miRNAs can be used as a predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic means for bone metastasis of malignant tumors.

delayed onset muscle injury (DOMI) is a common phenomenon after exercise, which can cause a variety of symptoms such as muscle soreness, pain, tenderness, swelling, stiffness and muscle weakness, and even cause muscle and connective tissue damage. DOMI can lead to the decrease of muscle strength, movement and functional range, which affects the performance of athletes, and also affects people's daily life. Therefore, the repair of skeletal muscle sports injury has been a hot research topic at home and abroad. In this paper, we tracked the research on reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca^2＋The research progress of TCM and Western medicine related treatment of muscle motor injury, ROS accumulation, Ca^2＋The relationship between imbalance and DOMI was summarized, and the current research status of physical therapy and traditional Chinese medicine to inhibit and repair skeletal muscle cell injury caused by DOMI to a certain extent by regulating their signaling pathways was summarized, in order to provide new ideas for the research of treating skeletal muscle sports injury.