2014年 · 第94卷第16期

Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Its treatment not only consumes a lot of health resources in various countries, but also causes a serious socioeconomic burden due to the loss of labor force. With the accelerating industrialization and urbanization, environmental pollution and changes in climate and ecological environment, the prevalence of asthma is increasing at a rate of almost 50% every 10 years^[1]。 It is estimated that there are about 300 million asthma patients worldwide, and the corresponding disease burden accounts for about 1% of all diseases worldwide, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which is equivalent to that of diabetes patients^[2]。 The disease burden of asthma is an important indicator to study the impact of asthma on society. There are a lot of studies on the burden of asthma in western developed countries, but China is lacking in this aspect. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, people's lifestyle, diet and living environment have changed significantly, and the prevalence of asthma caused by this has also increased significantly. The results of the 2010 asthma epidemiological survey in Beijing showed that the prevalence of asthma among people over 14 years old in this area was 1.19%^[3]Approximately 150% higher than 10 years ago^[4]Based on this, it is estimated that there are about 200,000 asthmatics over the age of 14 in Beijing, and the annual medical expenses are about 600 million yuan. It is estimated that the number of asthma patients in China is about 30 million, and the annual medical expenses are about 90 billion yuan. Therefore, it is urgent to study the burden of asthma disease in China, which will be beneficial to formulate relevant health policies nationwide and provide reference for rational utilization of health resources.

Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a chronic respiratory diseases presented by reversible airway obstruction secondary to allergic inflammation and excessive contraction of bronchial smooth muscle^[1]。 Currently, based on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of asthma, anti-inflammatory drugs [mainly inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS)] and bronchodilators [mainly inhaled long-acting beta₂Agonists (LABAs)] have been widely used in the treatment of asthma.

Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a chronic airway inflammatory disease caused by the interaction between susceptible individuals and environmental factors. Various inhalants in the environment, such as allergens and pollutants, play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Recent studies have shown that environmental factors affect patients' genes, which in turn affect their immune response to various inhalants, resulting in mucosal congestion and edema, increased mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction and other airway inflammatory reactions and airway hyperresponsiveness, resulting in asthma symptoms^[1]。

Bronchial asthma (abbreviated as asthma) is a common chronic airway disease that seriously endangers human health. Epidemiological surveys show that asthma patients have a higher probability of developing mood disorders than the general population; Mood disorders play an important role in the predisposition, onset and outcome of asthma^[1,2]。 A 2004 global survey of asthma control levels involving 29 countries showed that only 5% of asthma patients were able to achieve complete control, and the level of asthma control remained unsatisfactory^[3]。 Some scholars believe that ignoring psychological and behavioral factors may be an important reason for unsatisfactory treatment of asthma^[4]。 The research progress of asthma and mood disorders is summarized as follows.

A 12-year-old male was seen on 24 October 2010 due to left knee injury for 33 days. 33 days before the visit, the child suddenly felt pain and swelling in his left knee after jumping up and landing while playing basketball, and was unable to move. The local hospital diagnosed it as "avulsion fracture of the lower pole of the left patella without obvious displacement" on X-ray film (Figure 1), external application and oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, intravenous drip for anti-inflammatory, reducing swelling and relieving pain, and external fixation of the left knee in a slightly flexed position with a tray. Half a month after the injury, the X-ray film was reviewed: "The left patella was fractured with a small amount of callus growth" (Figure 2)。 Later, Bayi Orthopedic Hospital of Chengdu Military Region sought treatment. Physical examination: swelling of the left knee, tenderness of the patella, and limited flexion and extension of the left knee joint. X-ray showed: "Left patella lower pole cuff fracture, patella displaced upward, lower cuff fracture fragment obviously ossified and with a large amount of callus growth, but not connected to the lower margin of patella" (Figure 3)。 Open reduction and wire internal fixation were given. After 1 year follow-up, the knee function of the child basically returned to normal.