2014年 · 第94卷第10期

tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a relatively common neurocutaneous syndrome with a population prevalence of 1/ (6 000 to 10 000). First reported by von Recklinghausen in 1862, TSC is an autosomal dominant disorder, but about 2/3 have no positive family history. Involvement of multiple organs such as brain, skin, peripheral nerves and kidneys can occur, and the clinical features are facial angiofibroma, epileptic seizures and mental retardation. Common neuronal migration disorders in the brain are common, and the typical manifestations are multiple nodules, which can be seen in the subependymal and cerebral cortex^[1]。 TSC has been lacking specific treatment and has a poor prognosis. Its pathogenic gene mutations have been identified in recent years^[2,3,4], revealed the specific significance of mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) pathway overactivation in the pathogenesis of TSC, thus discovering targets that may reverse or even cure this disease^[5], and promising therapeutic drugs have been marketed^[6]This disease has attracted much attention.

Behcet syndrome (BS) occurs in Japan and the Mediterranean region, and can also be seen in China; Male incidence is higher than female^[1]。 The disease often involves the lungs, and pulmonary aneurysm is its common complication; Due to the lack of clinical understanding of this disease, it is easy to lead to misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. From 1999 to 2009, a total of 7 patients with BS complicated with pulmonary aneurysm were treated in our hospital, which are summarized as follows.

high mobility group (HMG) proteins are non-histone nuclear proteins present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Since it was first discovered that HMGB1 can be released to extracellular mediation of inflammatory response, HMGB1 as an important inflammatory mediator and pro-inflammatory cytokine has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process involved by various inflammatory factors^[1]In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that HMGB1 is involved in multi-organ IRI and can provide a new target for the prevention and treatment of IRI. The relationship between HMGB1 and liver IRI in recent years is reviewed.

Schmidt – Wolf et al.^[1]Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) with high proliferative capacity and high cytotoxicity were first reported in 1991. CIK cells are promising effector cells for adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI). The main effector cells that play a killing role in CIK cells simultaneously express CD3 and CD56 membrane proteins, and have the strong antitumor activity of T lymphocytes and the unrestricted tumor killing characteristics of natural killer cells (NK cells) major histocompatibility complex (MHC), so they are also called NK-like T cells^[2]。 CIK cells derived from peripheral blood have been widely used in adoptive immunotherapy for tumors, but due to their short survival time and strong allogeneic immunogenicity, there are some limitations in clinical application. However, CIK cells derived from umbilical cord blood had weak immunogenicity, rapid proliferation, long survival time, and low incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) after reinfusion^[3]In addition, cord blood has a wide range of sources and is economical, and its clinical application as a novel source of CIK cells has received widespread attention. However, the cognition of the biological and functional characteristics of cord blood CIK is not perfect, and further exploration is needed. The in vitro culture, anti-tumor mechanism and clinical application of cord blood CIK are summarized as follows.

At present, comparative effect study (CER) has become the focus of researchers in many disciplines, including clinical and public health. The Journal of the American Medical Association identified "Comparative Effects Studies" as one of the topics of the 2012 journal^[1]And published a series of papers on comparative effect studies in April 2012. While there are multiple versions of the current definition of CER, it is central to "comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different existing interventions and intervention strategies in terms of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and disease rehabilitation, based on different database resources and measurements, in real-world clinical scenarios"^[2]Ultimately, "respond to the needs expressed by patients, clinicians and other decision-makers, thereby assisting patients, physicians and decision-makers in making informed decisions to improve health care for individuals and populations"^[3]。