2014年 · 第94卷第08期

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a micro-aerobic gram-negative spiral bacterium that is infected with about 50% of the world's population.H. pyloriInfection is an important cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Therefore,H. pyloriEradication therapy has become the recommended treatment in the global guidelines for the above diseases in clinical practice. At present, at home and abroadH. pyloriEradication therapy mostly uses triple or quadruple therapy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and/or bismuth combined with two antibiotics. Commonly used antibiotics include clarithromycin, amoxicillin, quinolones, furazolidone, metronidazole, etc. However, in widespread eradicationH. pyloriWhile treating,H. pyloriResistance to antibiotics is increasing, leading to a gradual decline in eradication rates^[1]。 Previously, scholars have also been exploring personalized triple or quadruple therapy through bacterial culture and drug sensitivity testing. butH. pyloriThe culture is difficult and the culture period is too long, so this method is difficult to be applied in clinical practice, which also makes the domesticH. pyloriThe rate of drug resistance is increasing. Therefore, the newH. pyloriThe establishment of drug resistance testing methods is important forH. pyloriEradication treatment is particularly important.

Academic exchange and academic discussion are indispensable to promote the development of science and technology^[1]。 Through various forms of academic exchanges and scientific and technological cooperation, the academic conference will timely transmit the research trends and information of the academic frontiers to scientific researchers, broaden the scientific research horizons of the vast number of scientific researchers, create a good academic atmosphere and environment, promote the training and construction of talents, and enhance the scientific research academic status of the unit^[2,3]。 Information feedback is an essential link in the process of information dissemination^[4]。 In the organization and management of academic activities, we should introduce information feedback mechanism to improve the organization and management of the conference and improve the effectiveness of the conference^[5]。 The incidence and prevalence of traumatic diseases and skeletal degenerative diseases are high in China^[6]The number of orthopedic surgeons is huge, but the clinical work of orthopedic surgeons is relatively tight. Therefore, the academic conference of orthopedics is very important for the academic exchange of clinicians, nursing staff and basic researchers in the field of orthopedics, but different people may have different needs for the conference. How effective the orthopedic academic conference will be for different populations is unknown. It is necessary to establish an evaluation feedback mechanism for large academic conferences to provide recommendations for holding more efficient academic conferences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of participants with different characteristics on the annual academic conference of orthopedics through a cross-sectional survey, and to provide data support for measures to improve the satisfaction of the academic conference.

There are trillions of microorganisms living in and on the surface of the human body. About 90% of the cells in the human body are microbial cells, and the remaining 10% are human cells. Therefore, in a sense, the human body is a complex composed of many species. The concept of microbiota has broken the previous cognition mode that some pathogenic bacteria directly cause diseases. More and more evidence shows that intestinal microorganisms play an important role in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Recently, the role of microecological preparations in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gradually become a research hotspot. With the rise of human metagenomics, people's understanding of the structure and function of human genome, the relationship between human genome and microbial genome, the law of action and the relationship with disease has entered a new era.

Memory consolidation can stabilize and strengthen memory. The process of stabilization largely occurs in the waking state^[1]。 The reinforcement process is mainly performed during sleep, and this reinforcement involves restoring memories that were once lost^[2]Or new learning occurs^[3]This process is also referred to as "offline" memory consolidation. The study of sleep-dependent memory consolidation focuses on the influence of learning material, learning, test-retest, post-learning sleep and the characteristics of subjects on memory consolidation^[4]。 Existing mental schemas affect memory consolidation^[5]This kind of research is often conducted from the systemic and molecular levels of memory consolidation. From an applied perspective, we are concerned about the ability to improve the level of memory consolidation through human intervention, especially the selective reinforcement of certain memories. These studies may dramatically change the way humans learn and live. The research results of the past ten years are summarized as follows.

acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the rapid decline of renal function in a short period of time due to various reasons. The latest Organization for Improving the Global Prognosis of Kidney Disease (KDIGO) is defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥26.5 μ mol/L within 48 h or an increase in serum creatinine ≥1.5 times the basal level within 1 week, or urine output<0.5 ml·kg^－1• h^－1After more than 6 h, AKI can be diagnosed if one of the above 3 criteria is met^[1]。 AKI can also occur on the basis of the original chronic kidney disease (CKD). The etiology is mostly related to surgery, trauma, poisons, drugs (especially contrast agents, antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs and non-steroidal antipyretic and analgesics, etc.) and sudden disastrous events. It is a common critical disease involving various clinical departments. The results of domestic and foreign studies show that the incidence of AKI is 3% ~10% in general hospitals and 30% ~60% in intensive care units. The mortality rate of critically ill AKI patients is as high as 30% ~80%^[1,2,3,4]The prevention and control situation is very severe. AKI has been considered clinically reversible in the past. If the renal function of patients returns to normal after treatment, the long-term prognosis is good. In recent years, studies have shown that as long as AKI occurs, it will not only significantly increase the short-term mortality of patients^[5,6,7,8]Whether or not renal function recovers, it may adversely affect the long-term prognosis of patients (including long-term survival, incidence of chronic kidney disease, and incidence of cardiac insufficiency^{[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]}。 This article summarizes the recent progress of AKI on the long-term prognosis of patients as follows.

Malignant lymphomas in which MYC and BCL2 translocate simultaneously are called double-hit lymphomas (DHL). Gene translocations can also occur in BCL6, CCND1, BCL3 and other genes. BCL2 and MYC gene translocations are the most common, accounting for about 62% of all DHL^[1]。 The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification classified DHL as unclassifiable B-cell lymphoma (BCLU) with morphological, immunophenotypic and other characteristics between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL)^[2]。 Although the incidence of DHL is low, accounting for only about 2% of B-cell lymphomas^[3]However, its clinical behavior is highly aggressive and the chemotherapy effect is poor, so strengthening the understanding of DHL plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma.

The chemotherapy of drug-resistant tuberculosis, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), still does not achieve satisfactory results, and the adverse reactions are large, and the treatment cost is high^[1,2]It is a major infectious disease that threatens human health and has become an urgent problem to be solved in the control of tuberculosis. In recent years, some progress has been made in the research of chemotherapy regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis, which are summarized as follows.

A 26-year-old female presented to the clinic on June 25, 2011 due to painless, intermittent macroscopic hematuria for 1 month without obvious trigger. In the past, he was in good health and had no symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, painful urination and low back pain. Physical examination at admission: No obvious mass was palpable in the abdomen, and mild percussion pain in the right kidney area. Laboratory tests: positive urine turbidity (+ +), urine protein (+ +), urine occult blood (+ +). B-ultrasound showed that a solid 40 mm ×30 mm occupied space was seen in the upper pole of the right kidney, and the internal echo was more uniform and the boundary was clearer. CT showed that a substantial mass occupying a 39 mm ×28 mm slightly high-density shadow was seen at the upper pole of the right kidney. After enhanced scan, the mass was slightly enhanced, and the bilateral common iliac artery, external iliac artery, abdominal aorta, both renal arteries and both renal veins showed good results. On June 29th, he underwent radical resection of open right kidney tumor under general anesthesia and was sent for pathological examination. Gross: A mass with a diameter of 39 mm can be seen 10 mm below the capsule of the upper pole of the kidney, and the boundary with the surrounding kidney tissue is clear. HE morphological characteristics: The tumor cells are mainly papillary (FIG. 1A) and acinar (FIG. 1B) Two arrangements, hemorrhage can be seen in the acinar structure in some areas, similar to clear cell renal cell carcinoma; The tumor cells are round or polygonal, with abundant cytoplasm, translucent or eosinophilic staining. The nucleus is rounded in the center, and the nucleolus can be seen, and the interstitium can be seen with gravel formation (Figure 1C), mitotic elephants are rare. Immunohistochemistry: Transcription factor E3 (TFE-3) (Figure 2) and CD10 were all diffuse (+), P504S (focus +), and the rest of CK, CK7, 34 β E12, EMA, vimentin, HMB45, SMA were all (-). Pathological diagnosis: (Right kidney) Xp11.2 translocation/TFE-3 gene fusion associated renal carcinoma with ipsilateral regional lymph node metastasis (1/2). The patient did not receive adjuvant therapy after surgery, and the patient was generally in good condition after 24 months follow-up, without tumor recurrence and metastasis.