2014年 · 第94卷第02期

Pancreatic cystic tumors broadly refer to all pancreatic tumors containing cystic components. In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified pancreatic cystic tumor into serous cystic tumor (SCN), mucinous cystic tumor (MCN) and intraductal papillary myxoma (IPMN) according to tumor morphology and epithelial cell characteristics^[1]。 With the improvement of understanding of pancreatic cystic tumor and the advancement of imaging technology, the detection rate of pancreatic cystic tumor is increasing year by year^[2]。 However, the controversy over how to deal with it clinically has always existed.

Malignant tumor is a major disease that endangers the health of our people. Although the national support for related research is increasing year by year, and the number and amount of scientific research projects are increasing year by year, its morbidity and mortality rate are still on the rise. The economic burden and labor loss caused by malignant tumors have become important factors restricting social and economic development. Such a situation urgently needs new ideas and ideas to solve. Translational medicine is a medical concept that gradually formed in order to solve the disconnect between scientific research and disease prevention and treatment. It has gone through a natural process from conceptual interpretation to widespread spread^[1,2,3]。 With the establishment of physical translational medicine centers at home and abroad, it indicates that translational medicine has really entered the practical stage. However, due to the differences in national conditions and scientific research models, the development paths and research models of translational medicine centers in different countries are very different in practice. At present, how to carry out translational medicine research in the field of oncology according to the actual situation in China is worth thinking in depth.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, often occurring outside the lymph nodes, with rapid clinical progression and high mortality. BL is common in children and adolescents, and is rare in adults. It is reported in Western Europe and the United States to account for about 1% to 2% of adult lymphomas, and the prognosis of adults is worse^[1]。 Due to the limitation of cases, there are few relevant studies at present. This study retrospectively analyzed 18 adult patients with pathologically confirmed sporadic BL, which are reported below.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease in which upper airway obstruction occurs repeatedly during sleep with the main symptoms of snoring, apnea evidenced by others, holding breath, and daytime sleepiness^[1], is a potential risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes, etc^[2]The prevalence rate is 3% ~7%^[3]。 Postural OSA is associated with posture during sleep, with apnea during sleep in the supine position and disappearance or relief in the lateral position. Studies have shown that postural OSA accounts for more than 55% of OSA patients^[4,5,6]。 The diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis and treatment of postural OSA are summarized as follows.

microRNA (microRNA) is a type of non-coding single-stranded RNA with a length of about 18 to 25 nucleotides. It enters the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and specifically binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the target gene mRNA through base complementarity. If it is not completely complementary, it prevents the translation of the target gene mRNA through RISC; If completely complementary, RISC degrades target gene mRNA and regulates about 60% of gene expression in humans^[1]。 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies. Cytogenetics is an important indicator of AML prognosis. According to different karyotypes, AML can be divided into three types: good, moderate and poor prognosis. However, nearly 50% of patients are AML with normal karyotype (CN-AML). With the progressive study of leukemia pathogenesis, some gene mutations such as nuclear phosphate protein 1 (NPM1), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), c-kit, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-A (CEBPA), DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and tet oncogene family member 2 (TET2) have been discovered in recent years. However, about 15% of AML patients have no related gene mutations^[2]。 In 2002, Calin et al.^[3]It is reported that the deletion of miR-16-1 and miR-15a plays an important role in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Subsequently, a large number of studies have shown that microRNA is abnormally expressed in AML, acute lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and B lymphoproliferative diseases, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases, which is related to prognosis^[4]。 This paper reviews the pathogenesis of microRNA in AML, its relationship with karyotype, gene mutation, drug resistance and prognosis, in order to deeply understand the pathogenesis of leukemia, and provide scientific basis for individualized and targeted therapy of AML.

A 5-month-old child was seen in the outpatient department of rehabilitation department of our hospital in September 2012 due to lagging growth and development. The reaction of the child was general, with unstable head vertical, poor muscle tone, and bilateral testicles explored in the inguinal area. Color B-ultrasound of outside hospital heart showed patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus. The child is the second birth and the second birth, and has an elder brother with normal intelligence and phenotype. Normal parental phenotype, non-consanguineous marriage, denial of history of exposure to harmful substances, denial of family genetic history. Lymphocytes were cultured in peripheral blood of children for 72 h, chromosomes were prepared by conventional methods, and karyotypes were described according to the International Nomenclature System of Human Cytogenetics (ISCN2005). Forty-seven schizomorphs were analyzed (Figure 1), of which 33 mitotic images are small loops formed by chromosome 10, and the karyotypes are: 46, XY, r (10) (:: p15 → q26::); There are 9 mitotic images that delete 1 chromosome 10, and the karyotype is: 45, XY, -10; Three mitotic images are two macrocycles formed by chromosome 10, with karyotypes: 46, XY, dic r (10; 10) (:: p15→q26:: p15→q26::); There is one mitotic image of two small rings No. 10 with a karyotype of: 47, XY, r (10) (:: p15 → q26::) ×2; There is also a split image containing two macrocycles formed by No. 10, with karyotypes: 47, XY, dic r (10; 10) (:: p15→q26::p15→q26::) ×2. The parent's karyotype was normal, but the brother's karyotype was not detected. Clinical diagnosis: Congenital heart disease, cerebral palsy, bilateral cryptorchidism.