Volume 106 ·  Issue 18 ·  2026

To further standardize the clinical application of integrated PET/MRI brain imaging for brain gliomas in China, improve the level of precision diagnosis and management, promote standardized care, and provide evidence-based and consensus recommendations for imaging professionals and clinicians, this guideline was jointly developed by the Chinese Society of Medical Imaging Technology, Chinese Society of Radiology, Chinese Society of Nuclear Medicine, the Beijing Society of Nuclear Medicine, and the Beijing Society of Radiology, with the participation of multidisciplinary experts from nuclear medicine, radiology, neurosurgery, neuro-oncology, and radiation oncology, through multiple rounds of consensus meetings. Brain gliomas are among the most common primary brain tumors of the central nervous system, encompassing a wide spectrum of tumor grades and diverse biological behaviors. Key aspects of their clinical management include accurate diagnosis and grading, tumor extent delineation, preoperative evaluation and radiation therapy target planning, as well as differentiation between post-treatment recurrence and treatment-related changes. Integrated PET/MRI enables simultaneous acquisition of PET molecular metabolic information and multiparametric MRI structural and functional information within a single examination, effectively facilitating the above processes and serving as an important imaging modality for the precise diagnosis and treatment of brain gliomas. As integrated PET/MRI systems become increasingly available in China, broader clinical implementation continues to face challenges in appropriate indication selection, standardization of imaging workflows and parameter settings, image post-processing and assessment, consistency of image interpretation, and reporting. Grounded in the current accessibility of integrated PET/MRI equipment and tracers in China and in the latest domestic and international evidence-based research, and closely aligned with the realities of Chinese clinical practice, this guideline provides recommendations across key domains—clinical indications, examination and quality-control workflows, image interpretation, and standardized reporting—with the aim of offering systematic and practical evidence-based guidance for imaging specialists and clinicians involved in glioma care.

To further standardize the clinical use of integrated PET/MRI brain imaging for refractory epilepsy in China, improve the level of individualized precision diagnosis and treatment, promote standardized management, and provide evidence-based and consensus recommendations for clinicians and imaging professionals, experts in nuclear medicine, radiology, neurology, and related fields developed this guideline through a consensus process informed by the available research evidence and clinical practice. Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders, and accurate preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with refractory epilepsy remains a major clinical challenge. Integrated PET/MRI enables simultaneous, one-stop acquisition of multidimensional information, including cerebral metabolism, high-resolution anatomical detail, and functional features, and can be used for epileptogenic focus localization, surgical planning, and assessment of important functional regions, making it an important imaging tool for precision care in refractory epilepsy. As integrated PET/MRI systems become increasingly available in China, broader clinical implementation continues to face challenges, including appropriate patient selection and indications, standardization of scanning workflows, image quality control, consistency in image interpretation, and reporting standards. With a focus on clinical feasibility, this guideline provides recommendations across key domains, including indications, examination and quality-control procedures, image interpretation, and standardized reporting, to promote the standardized use of integrated PET/MRI in the care of refractory epilepsy and advance related clinical translation.

Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN), as the most common complication of herpes zoster, significantly affects the quality of life of patients. The clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for PHN urgently need to be improved. This consensus was jointly formulated by experts from departments such as neurology, traditional Chinese medicine, pain management, acupuncture, and evidence-based medicine in China. Following the principles of evidence-based medicine and based on clinical evidence, a combined Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment framework for PHN was systematically constructed. Regarding 9 clinical issues, a total of 22 recommendations were formed, including 3 for diagnosis and 19 for treatment. In terms of diagnosis, a diagnostic model combining "precise assessment by Western medicine and overall syndrome differentiation by traditional Chinese medicine" was proposed. In terms of treatment strategies, it is advocated that the combination of Western and Chinese medicine for treating PHN should follow the principle of early initiation to achieve synergistic treatment and reduce side effects. The formulation of this consensus provides an important evidence-based basis for the standardized diagnosis and treatment of PHN and has significant clinical guiding value.

Gynecological malignancies are a serious threat to women's health, with complex pathogenesis and significant molecular and pathological heterogeneity among patients, which pose a severe challenge to the implementation of accurate diagnosis and treatment strategies. Organoids are "micro-organs" with organ-like structures formed by three-dimensional self-assembly of stem cells. They can highly simulate the structural and functional characteristics of tumors in vivo, and are highly consistent with patient source tissues at multiple molecular levels such as gene expression profile, proteomic characteristics and drug reactivity, providing a highly fidelity in vitro research platform for gynecological tumor research. This article systematically reviews the application status of organoid technology in common gynecological malignant tumors such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, focusing on its value in disease mechanism research, drug screening and individualized treatment, and looks forward to the challenges and future development directions in this field. In-depth understanding of the application prospect of organoid technology is of great significance for promoting the basic research and clinical translation of gynecological malignant tumors.

Topical finasteride (2.275 mg/ml, 0.25%) spray is a novel treatment for androgenic alopecia (AGA) in adult men. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration has approved two drugs for the treatment of AGA in men: oral finasteride and topical minoxidil. This phase III study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray in Chinese male patients with AGA.