Volume 91  ·   Issue 12  ·  2011

Chronic non-communicable diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyle are the main cause of death in the world at present, causing about 17 million deaths every year. Tobacco is the most important cause of chronic diseases, and in principle, it is the only cause that can be completely controlled. At present, nearly 1 million people die of smoking-related diseases in China every year, accounting for 20% of the global smoking-related deaths.

As early as 1956, Swedish cardiovascular physician Borje Ejrup established the world's first smoking cessation clinic in Stockholm. After that, many countries in the world successively established smoking cessation service institutions, including various smoking cessation clinics, smoking cessation centers, social and family smoking cessation counseling, etc., to provide medical assistance for those patients who want to quit smoking.

In recent years, the number and scale of large-scale hospitals in China have increased rapidly. According to 2008<According to the statistics of China Health Yearbook, the number of large hospitals with more than 800 beds in China increased sharply from 149 in 2000 to 394 in 2007. The number of super-large hospitals with more than 2000 beds is not uncommon, and a few hospitals even reached the scale of 4000~5000 beds. Although the rapid expansion of large hospitals meets the needs of patients to a certain extent, it aggravates the deep-seated contradiction of unbalanced distribution of health resources in China, and even brings problems such as decline of resource utilization rate, induced demand of medical institutions, excessive increase of diagnosis and treatment expenses, etc. It is not necessarily beneficial to the healthy growth of large hospitals, let alone the gospel of sustainable development of health undertakings.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of smoking and metabolic syndrome (MS) among male Uygur and Kazakh adults residing in Xinjiang.Methods Four-stage selected random sampling was used to analyze the prevalence and the relationship between the risk factors of smoking and metabolic syndrome.The sampled adult populations over 35 years old were collected 6 localities (Urumqi,Kelamayi,Fukang,Turfan Basin locality,Hetian locality & Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) in Xinjiang,China.The subjects were 4019 males of Uygur and Kazakh.Each individual answered a questionnaire,received physical examinations and a biochemical indicator survey.The smoking patients were divided into two groups: one complicated with metabolic syndrome and the other not.A logistic regression analysis was also made to identify the possible risk factors and their powers on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome with smoking.Results With regards to the habit of smoking,the smokers of Uygur and Kazakh were 869 and 1114 respectively.The prevalence of MS was 24.74% and 29.62% for Uygur and Kazakh smokers respectively.And 16.75% and 24.72% for Uygur and Kazakh non-smokers respectively.The comparison of baseline information showed that,in Uygur males,the mean values of diastolic blood pressure,waist circumference and triglyceride were higher in smoker group than those in non-smoker group ( P ＜ 0.05 ); in Kazakh males,the mean values of systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference were higher than nonsmoker group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that the OR value of smoking was 1.698 (95% CI 1.129 -2.553) in Uygur and 1.845(95% CI 1.544 -2.206)in Kazakh of MS patients.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is higher in male smokers than that in nonsmokers in Uygur and Kazakh.Perhaps smoking is one of the risk factors for MS.

Objective Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance.However,whether a smoker has a lesser waist circumference (WC) and whether the potential changes in WC may reduce the benefits of smoking cessation remains in dispute. The aims of this study are to re-examines the relationships between smoking and metabolic risk factors by the data from Beijing adults. Methods A total of 3710 men and 6344 women,aged 18 -92 years old,were sampled from community centers in Beijing for this cross-sectional clinical study between April and August 2007. Their concentrations of total cholesterol (TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and plasma glucose (PG) were measured. And the anthropometric parameters (WC,body weight and height) and blood pressure (BP) were record according to a standard protocol. Their social,demographic,personal medical history and behavioral characteristics were collected by the welltrained staff. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The relationships between smoking and metabolic syndrome were analyzed by x2 test and logistic regression. Results The mean age and glucose concentration were similar in both genders. Males tended to have a higher mean BP ( systolic and diastolic ),a higher level of TG and a lower HDL-C. Among the obesity indices,the mean WC was higher in males than that in females whereas the mean BMI higher in females. The means of BMI and WC were 24. 99 kg/m2 and 89. 13cm for males and 25.49 kg/m2 and 85.49 cm for females respectively. Smoking was an independent risk factor of metabolic syndrome in male subjects.It was mainly due to a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia,i.e. a higher level of TG and a lower level of HDL-C in smokers. And the trough prevalence of central obesity was higher in former smokers than current smokers. With adjustment for age,alcohol intake,and regular physical activity,the odds ratios[OR( 95%CI)] of never smokers,ex-smokers,and current smokers were 1.00,1.10(0. 92 - 1.47),and 1.36( 1.02- 1.69) for hypertriglyceridemia ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and 1. 00,1.08 (0. 79 - 1.32),and 1.59 ( 1.13 - 1.89 ) for low H DL-C respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The odds ratios of the MS were 1.00 (referent),1.10 (0. 76 -1.43 ),and 1.49 ( 1.06 - 1.89 ) for never smokers,ex-smokers,and current smokers respectively ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Cessation of smoking had a general trend of lowering the risk of metabolic syndrome in a year-dependent manner in males. In females,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesity was similar between smokers and nonsmokers. Among the features of metabolic syndrome,only a low HDL-C was associated with chronic smoking in females. Conclusion Although smokers tend to have a lower waist circumference than nonsmokers,the males have higher risk factors for metabolic disorders. There is no significant relationship between smoking and metabolic syndrome in female subjects.

Objective To observe the effect of furazolidone quadruple regimen plus dental plaque removal procedures as rescue treatment of refractory H.pylori infection.Methods A total of 104 patients with H.pylori positive [13 C-urea breath test (UBT) or rapid urease test positive] failing in previous treatment two or more were enrolled and divided into 2 groups.One group (n = 64) were given quadruple regimen [proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + bismuth + amoxicillin + furazolidone,10 days] treatment and dental plaque removal treatment.And the others (n =40) received only quadruple regimen treatment.The status of H.pylori was detected by 13 C-UBT at 4 weeks post-therapy and the eradication rates of two groups were compared.Results The eradication rate of quadruple regimen + dental treatment group was 85.9%(55/64) while that of the other group 72.5% (29/40) (P = 0.091 ).Conclusion The PPI + bismuth quadruple regimen plus dental plaque removal procedures as rescue treatment may boost the eradication rate of refractory H.pylori infection patients.And the furazolidone quadruple therapy can be chosen for the treatment of refractory H.pylori infection.Oral H.pylori infection may play a role in the failure of H.pylori infection treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship of reversal of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with heart rate variability (HRV) and smoothness index (SI).Methods A total of 127 patients with untreated essential hypertension associated with LVH were enrolled to receive a 20-week treatment.The drugs included losartan potassium & hydrochlorothiazide (1 tablet/day ) and metoprolol (12.5 mg- 50 mg twice daily).The sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP & DBP),M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography,24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) were performed at pre- and post-treatment.The changes in various parameters such as echocardiography left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVDs),left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and the thickness of interventricular septum (IVST) and posterior wall (PWT) were measured.And left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and smoothness index (SI) were also examined.The evaluated parameters of ABPM were average 24-hour,daytime and nighttime SBP & DBP.As to 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter),the parameters were standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN),rate mean square of the differences of successive RR intervals ( RMSSD ) ,percentage of RR intervals differing ＞50 ms (PNN50),high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF).Results After a 20-week treatment,the levels of sitting blood pressure(SBP 158.72 ± 12.11 mm Hg vs 132.21 ± 14.03 mm Hg;DBP 97.20 ± 7.71 vs 86.36 ± 6.48 mm Hg,P ＜ 0.001 ),parameters of 24-hour ABPM (24-hour mean SBP146.20 ±10.11 mm Hg vs 129.68 ±6.12 mm Hg,P＜0.001;24-hour mean DBP93.45 ±5.46mm Hg vs 81.77 ±6.71 mm Hg,P ＜0.01;daytime mean SBP 149.53 ±8.67 mm Hg vs 133.60 ±6.27mm Hg,P＜0.001;daytime mean DBP 94.68 ±4.96 mm Hg vs 83.55 ±7.03 mm Hg,P＜0.001;nighttime mean SBP 137.21 ± 8.73 mm Hg vs 122.74 ± 7.58 mm Hg,P ＜ 0.001;nighttime mean DBP 86.75 ±6.22 mm Hg vs 72.81 ±5.47 mm Hg,P ＜0.001 ) and LVMI significantly decreased ( 128.90 ±32.35 g/m2 vs 118.39 ± 31.10 g/m2,P ＜ 0.01 ) while the indicators of HRV changes such as SDNN,RMSSD,PNN50 and HF significantly increased( SDNN 97.28 ± 16.67 ms vs 152.27 ± 34.23 ms,P ＜0.01;RMSSD 21.32±8.70 ms vs 41.91 ±10.38 ms,P ＜0.001;PNN50 3.17 ±1.23 vs 5.89 ±2.18,P ＜ 0.01;HF 239.82 ± 98.26 ms2/Hz vs 367.32 ± 188.37 ms2/Hz,P ＜ 0.01 ) accompanied by the decreases in LF and LF/HF( LF 485.22 ±217.34 ms2/Hz vs 287.94 ± 128.61 ms2/Hz,P ＜0.01;LF/HF 2.03 ±0.56 vs 0.79 ± 0.38,P ＜ 0.001 ).The post-treatment SIs of SBP and DBP were 1.35 and 1.2 respectively.Conclusion The combination treatment of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker ( ARB ),diuretics and β1-receptor blockers can lower the blood pressures stably,improve heart rate variability and lead to a reversal of hypertensive LVH.

Objective To compare the effect of remifentanil versus sufentanil with target-controlled infusion in combination with inhalation anesthesia for surgical patients on the parameters of hemodynamics and postoperative recovery.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients aged 18 -65 years old with BMI (body mass index) ＜ 30,undergoing colectomy or pedical screw interfix were enrolled.Upon the approval of institutional Ethics Committee,they were randomized to receive remifentanil or sufentanil at a target plasma concentration of 3 ng/ml and 0.3 ng/ml respectively in combination of inhalated anesthesia at 0.9 MAC (minimal alveolar concentration).The infusion of remifentanil was discontinued at the end of surgery while the infusion of sufentanil at 40 -60 minutes before the end of surgery.The arterial blood pressure( ABP),heart rate (HR),electrocardiogram (ECG)and pulse blood oxygen saturation during anesthesia were monitored.The time between the termination of anesthetic use and recovery of spontaneous breathing and extubation were observed.And the incidence of postoperative pain and respiratory depression were recorded.Results As compared with the baseline values,BP and HR decreased significantly in both groups.BP was similar in both groups whereas HR was lower in Group R than that in Group S at post-induction,postintubation,incision,the end of surgery and extubation ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The time from termination of anesthesia to recovery of spontaneous breathing was 1.8 ± 1.4 min in Group R.And it was significantly shorter than that in Group S(2.9 ± 1.5 min) (P ＜0.05).The time from termination of anesthetic use to extubation was 6.8 ±3.9 min in Group R.And it was also significantly shorter than that in Group S(9.1 ±2.8 min) (P＜0.05).Seven patients experienced postoperative pain with visual analogue scale (VAS) ＞4.And morphine was used for rescue analgesia in recovery room.Conclusion When combined with inhalation anesthesia,the effects on hemodynamics are similar between the patients receiving the target-controlled infusions of remifentanil and sufentanil.Remifentanil offers a shorter time to recovery of spontaneous breathing and tracheal extubation.

Objective To study the causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)related death and influencing factors of survival time from first hospitalization due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods All patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of COPD (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 Codes J40-J47) were continuously enrolled at our hospital from January 2006 to December 2008.A retrospective review was performed on the medical records of COPD patients who died during hospitalization.The causes of death were coded and analyzed according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -10.The underlying causes of death were identified and ranked in order of prevalence.The medical records of first hospitalization due to AECOPD were reviewed.Retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data.And Cox regression analysis was used to select the independent risk factors of influencing the survival time.Results Sixtyseven patients died during hospitalization.The median FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage) was 34%.The causes of death in the COPD inpatients were as follows:respiratory diseases ( n = 39),cardiocerebrovascular diseases ( n = 16),malignant tumors ( n = 10),diabetes mellitus ( n = 1 )and suicide (n = 1 ).Among them,54 patients had a history of hospitalization due to AECOPD.Thirteen deceased patients were never hospitalized because of AECOPD.The mean interval between the first admission with AECOPD as the primary diagnosis and death was 38 months (range:1 - 159).The independent risk factorsof influencing the survival time were as follows:complications with coronary artery disease & severe pulmonary hypertension,age,body mass index ( BMI ) and serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (all P ＜0.05) .Conclusion The major cause of death in moderate-severe COPD patients is respiratory disease.complicated with coronary artery disease & severe pulmonary hypertension,age,BMI and serum level of CRP are the independent risk factors of affecting the survival time from first hospitalization due to AECOPD.

Objective To investigate the temporal changes of serum cytokines IL-6,IL-8,MCP-1 and IL-10 immediately before and after primary PCI ( percutaneous coronary intervention ) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) and explore the interaction of these cytokines.Methods A total of 59 STEMI patients were recruited.And their serum concentrations of IL-6,IL-8,MCP-1 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA before primary PCI and 4 -6 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 7 days postintervention.For each cytokine,the level at each time-point post-PCI was compared to that at pre-PCI.Correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the interactions of these four cytokines.Results At 12 hours post-PCI,the median serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were higher than those before PCI ( IL-6:8.51 ng/L vs 6.76 ng/L,IL-8:4.67 ng/L vs 2.95 ng/L,both P ＜0.05).At 4 -6 hours and 12 hours post-PCI,the median values of MCP-1 were increasing significantly compared to those at pre-PCI ( 35.04 ng/L,34.24 ng/L vs 30.45 ng/L,both P ＜0.05 ) while those of IL-10 decreased ( 18.15 ng/L,18.82 ng/L vs 20.95ng/L,both P ＜0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 at pre-PCI were associated with the Killip classification on admission ( 1L-6:r = 0.293,P ＜ 0.05; IL-10:r = - 0.287,both P ＜ 0.05 ).Except for IL-8,other cytokines had no significant relation with the time length from onset to admission (P ＞ 0.05 ).Additionally,these four cytokines were not found to be related with the location and extension of myocardial infarction,ejection fraction and NT-proBNP.At each time-point,there were a positive relationship among the natural logarithms of the concentrations of IL-6,IL-8 and MCP-1 ( P ＜ 0.01 ),all of which were inverse to the natural logarithm of the concentration of IL-10 (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The pro-inflammatory cytokines increase while the anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.An imbalance of inflammatory cytokines may be present.

Objective To investigate the smoking cessation rate and its related factors in cardiovascular patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1241 outpatients or inpatients fulfilling the inclusion criteria was conducted at 14 hospitals across China.Results The survey population mainly consisted of middle-aged male patients with an average age of ( 59.9 ± 10.7 )years old.Their median time after surgery was 1.5 years.Among them,77.4% tried to quit smoking while 55.4% succeed.The elder men were more likely to try to quit smoking and succeed eventually ( OR values:1.02 vs 1.03 ).The higher number of cigarettes smoked daily,the greater possibility of trying to quit smoking ( OR = 1.03 ),but less likely to quit smoking eventually ( OR = 0.97).Furthermore the years of smoking and cessation motivation had impacts on the cessation behaviors as well.Conclusion Smoking cessation was achieved in more than half of the patients at one year after PCI.Age,years of smoking,daily number of cigarettes,concurrent disases and physician recommendations are the influencing factors of smoking cessation.

Objective To establish the cathepsin B over-expression group and cathepsin B genesilencing group so as to investigate whether cathepsin B was capable of promoting the apoptosis of VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) induced by TNF-α/act D.Methods Human aortic smooth muscle cell (HA-VSMC) was transfected with pcDNA3.1-cathepsin B and pSilencer2.1-cathepsin B plasmids by lipofection to establish the over-expression and gene-silencing groups.Through TNF-α induced apoptosis,the cell viability was observed by MTT assay,morphological observation and assays of apoptotic proteins as indicators of apoptosis.Results The cathepsin B over-expression and gene-silencing group were successfully established.MTT assay showed no significant difference between the transfected cell and blank control.After the intervention of TNF-α,the HA-VSMC viability decreased significantly.As compared with control group,the over-expression group significantly decreased (9.98% ± 1.04 % vs 14.60% ± 1.34% ).As compared with the over-expression group,the E64d and CA-074ME groups (18.23% ± 1.05%,17.40% ± 1.03% ) increased significantly while the silent group ( 21.30% ± 2.37% ) significantly increased.The analysis of acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed similar results.Western blot showed the Bcl-2 protein were significantly higher in the silent group than that in the control group.And the over-expression group was significantly lower than the control group.The E64d and CA-074ME groups were significantly higher than that in the over-expression group.But the Bax protein level had no significant difference among all groups.Conclusion The over-expression of cathepsin B promotes TNF-α-induced VSMC apoptosis while Cathepsin B gene silencing and the addition of cathepsin inhibitor in over-expression group inhibit the TNF-α induced VSMC apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8S) on the contractile activity of smooth muscles,L-type calcium current and membrane potentials of proximal colon myocytes in guinea pig.Methods ( 1 ) Strips of proximal colon were obtained from adult guinea pigs.The contraction of these stripes was measured by a RM6240 multi-channel physiological signal system.(2) Suspension of single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were obtained from proximal colon and isolated by enzymatic digestion.The effect of CCK-8S on intracellular calcium concentration ( [Ca2+] i) of SMCs was examined by fura-2-1oaded miscrofluorimetric measurement.(3) Resting potential ( RP),action potential (AP) and L-type calcium current (ICa-L ) were recorded by patch-clamp technique.Results ( 1 )The contractile amplitude and frequency of muscle stripes enhanced by CCK-8S ( 10 -7 mol/L) were ( 149 ±12)% and (132 ± 13 )% respectively of those of control group (all P ＜ 0.05 ).They were significantly attenuated by pretreating strips with CCK1 receptor antagonist devazepide ( 10-7 mol/L),L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine ( 10 -5 mol/L),Ca2+ -ATPase inhibitor TG (thapsigargin) ( 10-5 mol/L) and BA (boric acid) (10-5 mol/L) respectively.(2) [Ca2+]i of SMCs intensified by CCK-8S was (738 ±24)% of that of control group.And it was inhibited by pretreating SMCs with devazepide(all P ＜0.05).(3) After the superfusion of CCK-8S,RP depolarized to (52 ±9)%,the exogenously stimulated peak values of AP rose to (140±4)% and fast repolarization time of AP decreased to (61 ± 13)% (all P ＜0.05).They were significantly inhibited when these cells were pretreated with devazepide and/or nifedipine (n = 8,P ＜0.05 for each group) whereas CI 988 had little effect.(4) The CCK-8S-evoked ICa-L of SMCs at the voltage of + 10 mV was boosted to ( 138 ± 7 )%.Such an effect was suppressed by a pretreatment with nifedipine,devazepide,TG and BA respectively.In the presence of an inhibitor of inositol 1 ,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) receptors,heparin (10-6 mol/L) and an protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor,saurosporine (10-6 mol/L),CCK-8S did not significantly intensify ICa-L (all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion CCK-8S promotes proximal colon contraction by CCK1 receptors through the activation of IP3-mediated PKC pathway.

From February 2008 to June 2010, 43 cases of refractory wounds (10 cases with sinus tract) were treated with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) [1] technique to quickly optimize the wound conditions, and on this basis, autologous skin grafting or skin flap transfer were used to repair the wounds, and some cases were repaired with VSD technique after skin grafting.

The patient, a 36-year-old female, was admitted to the Department of Hematology, Union Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University on May 10, 2008 due to pale complexion with red spots on the skin for 2 months, fever and mass under the right arm for 5 days. In March, 2008, she developed pale complexion, fatigue, repeated red spots on the skin, which can resolve spontaneously, accompanied by increased menstruation, and went to our department. The physical examination showed mild anemia, a small amount of bleeding spots on the skin, and there was no obvious abnormality in the rest of the physical examination. The laboratory examination showed that white blood cells were 4.2×109/L, hemoglobin was 93 g/L, and platelets were 34×109/L.

With the deepening of tissue engineering bone research, how to construct large volume tissue engineering bone and make it survive in vivo and play its role rapidly has become the main problem at present. The construction of composite tissue engineering bone with innervation and vascular system conforms to the bionics viewpoint and is an ideal solution. How to reconstruct blood supply and innervation while constructing tissue engineering bone is the key problem in the transition from basic research to clinical application.

Radiation injury combined with burn is one of the main types of injuries that occur during wartime nuclear explosion and peacetime nuclear accident, depleted uranium bomb injury or nuclear terrorist attack. The main characteristics of this kind of compound injury are serious overall injury, rapid development and difficult diagnosis and treatment, so it needs to be studied in depth [1]. The research on radiation-burn compound injury is paid great attention both at home and abroad [2-8], and the research abroad is more in Russia [3-4].

The child, male, 2 years old and 5 months old, was admitted to the hospital in March 2010 with convulsions for 1 day due to the psychomotor development lagging behind for more than 1 year. The child can lift his head for 4 months and stand for 18 months. He is still independent and unstable. He can pronounce, but can't call "dad and mom", and often laughs for no reason. He had convulsions 1 day before admission, and the attack form was myoclonus, 10~15 times/d. Family history was denied. Physical examination: mental retardation, stereotypical actions.

Case 1: A 29-year-old male was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in May 2008 and acute monocytic leukemia (CML) in January 2009. After receiving imatinib mesylate, hydroxyurea and 2 courses of combined chemotherapy, he received HLA 5/6 compatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from an unrelated donor in April 2009.

A 57-year-old female was admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of the Armed Police General Hospital on July 15, 2010 due to the discovery of conjunctival masses in both eyes for half a year. Specialist examination showed that the visual acuity of both eyes was 1.0, the eye movement was good, there was no protrusion and depression, the conjunctiva was not congested or edema, and a strip of protrusion, light red, was seen in the reentrant part of the fornix below the conjunctiva of both eyes, with the size of 15 mm ×5 mm ×3 mm in the right eye and 12 mm ×5 mm ×3 mm in the left eye, involving the lacrimal mons, and the surface conjunctiva was smooth without rupture, without obvious tenderness.

In a case report published January 25, 2011 in the Journal of the American Academy of Neurology (Neurology,2011,76:405-407.), researchers were surprised to discover a potential new treatment for treatment-resistant hypertension.In this study, a man with central pain syndrome after a stroke received deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat pain.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has always been the gold standard for evaluating blood glucose control. Many evidence-based medical studies have used HbA1c as an observation index. Whether it should be used as one of the indicators for diagnosing diabetes has been debated endlessly in the endocrine circles at home and abroad in recent years, and there are endless voices of support and opposition. On January 14, 2011, experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) published a report (http: / /www.who.int/chp/media/news/releases/2011.1.diabetes/en/index.html), which made this debate finally come to fruition.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a common malignant tumor in the endocrine system. Most DTC progresses slowly. If it can be diagnosed early, it can usually be cured by sufficient surgery and radioactive iodine [3]. However, if DTC has metastasized and cannot be completely removed by surgery, or DTC does not take radioactive iodine, these two traditional treatments are not effective. Therefore, the prognosis of DTC patients with metastatic or no radioactive iodine is very poor, so it is necessary to find a new treatment to improve the survival rate of these patients.

The incidence of arteriosclerosis in diabetic patients is higher than that in non-diabetic patients, and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are considered to be the main reasons leading to the high incidence of arteriosclerosis. However, studies published in 2008 such as ACCORD, VAT and ADVANCE showed that even if intensive treatment was given to diabetic patients to reduce blood glucose and blood lipids to near normal levels, the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease could not be significantly reduced.