Volume 90  ·   Issue 40  ·  2010

Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in elderly men, and its incidence ranks second among all tumors in the United States. In recent years, its incidence is gradually increasing in China. Therefore, whether the incidence of prostate cancer can be reduced by population intervention is a very remarkable problem. In recent years, the research on prostate cancer chemoprevention is a clinical research hotspot, and it is hoped that the incidence of prostate cancer can be reduced by drug intervention.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Cardura XL (doxazosin mesylate controlled release tablets) on lower urinary tract symptoms, IPSS (international prognostic scoring system)and short-term QOL (quality of life) (3 months) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods From July 2008 to February 2009, 80 male BPH patients with a mean age of 70.5 years old(range: 62- 82 ) were prospectively recruited to receive a daily dose of Cardura XL 4 mg for 3 months.Clinical parameters of IPSS QOL, Qmax ( maximum flow rate), residual urine, blood pressure and heart ratewere recorded before and 3 months after treatment. Paired t test was performed on the corresponding data.And therapeutic efficacy and side effects were analyzed according to the statistical results. Results All 80 patients finished a 3-month medical regimen. Between pre-treatment and 3 months after medication, paired ttest was performed on the corresponding data of maximum flow rate (Qmax), residual urine, IPSS, QOL,blood pressure and heart rate. Significant differences were observed in all corresponding data( P < 0.001 )except heart rate ( P = 0.685 ). Furthermore analyses were performed on the corresponding IPSS and QOL between one month and 3 months after treatment. Significant improvementwas also observed in IPSS and QOL after a longer medication ( P < 0.001 ) . Transient side effects were observed in 16 patients (20% ):headache (n =8, 10% ), fatigue (n =4, 5% ) and dizziness (n =4, 5%). No patient withdrew from the study. Conclusion Cardura XL, at a daily dose of 4 mg daily for 3 months, is a safe and effective regimen in BPH patients. Significant improvement is observed for lower urinary tract symptoms, IPSS and QOL A longer medication may lead to further improvement of IPSS and QOL. After dosing, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures fall down significantly. No significant effect on heart rate is found. And most patients have an excellent tolerance.

Objective To assess the correlation between metabolic syndrome and clinical progression in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 382 BPH patients with lower urinary tract symptoms were divided into two groups according to whether or not there was a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS). MS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005. Abdominal B-ultrasound was used to measure the total volume of prostate (TP) and its average annual growth rate was calculated. Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, blood biochemistry, blood pressure, blood glucose and other indicators were compared in these two groups of patients with regards to the clinical progression associated with BPH. Results A total of 187 MS cases were found in 382 (48.59%) BPH patients. It showed a higher body mass index, high glycemia, high triglycerides, high blood pressure and high IPSS, TP and PSA levels. Also it showed a higher occurrence of surgical rate ( P <0.05 ); its average annual growth rate of TP was significantly higher than those without MS ( 1.0 vs 0.64 ml/yr, P < 0.05 ). TP average annual growth rate and IPSS score are found significantly correlated with blood glucose and triglyceride levels (P <0.01 ). Conclusion Metabolic syndrome affects the clinical progression in patients with BPH. Clinical attention should be paid.

Objective To investigate the relationship of body mass index with cancer detection on prostate biopsy. Methods A total of 168 patients undergoing a prostate biopsy were divided into obese and non-obese groups by BMI ≥ 25 or < 25. Then the differences of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level,prostate volume, prostate cancer detection rate and pathology result between two groups. Results The obese group had a higher rate of cancer detection than the non-obese group [67.1% (51/76) vs 48.9% (45/92),P < 0.05 ＝. Logistics regression analysis showed that BMI ≥ 25 had a positive correlation with cancer detection on biopsy. Conclusion Body mass index can raise the risk of prostate cancer on biopsy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety and application value of rectal ultrasound-guided targeted cryoablation of prostate (TCAP) in the treatment of T3N0M0 prostate cancer.Methods Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided TCAPs were performed. And prostate-specific antigen (PSA), TRUS-measured prostate volume, endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at before, 12, 24, 36 months after TCAP were recorded and evaluated. The biochemical relapse free survival (bRFS) and clinical progression (local recurrence and distant metastasis) at 1,2 and 3 years post-cryoablation were also recorded. The post-TCAP quality of life was also observed by the EORTC questionnaire QLQ-PR25. Results The sudess rate of this technique was 100%. The follow-up period had a range of 10 to 45 months. The PSA level decreased dramatically (P < 0.01 ). The TRUS-measured prostate volumes significantly decreased( P < 0.01 )versus those at pre-cryoablation. The bRFS at 1 , 2 and 3 years post-TCAP was 92.5% ( 37/40), 87.1% ( 27/31 ) and 73.3% ( 11/15 ) respectively. The result of quality of life showed that the sexuality scores decreased at 6 months post-TCAP, but there was no statistical significance (P = 0.06 ) and recovered to baseline level at 12 months. Urinary symptoms improved significantly (P < 0.01 ). The clinical progression rate in this study at 3 years was 24.4% (11/45). To be specific, local recurrence rate was 54.5% (6/11) and distant metastasis rate 45.5% (5/11). Repeated cryoablation was performed for the patients with local recurrence and satisfactory results were achieved during a follow-up of 10 - 15 months. Endocrine treatment was adopted for the patients with distant metastasis and appeared to have biochemical progression free survival during a follow-up of 6 - 13 months. The therapy was safe. Most of side effects were mild and there was no occurrence of severe complications such as urethral fistulas, etc. Conclusion Treating T3N0M0 prostate cancer with TCAP as a monotherapy can obtain a satisfactory outcome during a follow-up of 3 years. But its clinical application value deserves further studies.

Objective To analyze the trend of the incidence of prostate cancer in urban Tianjin area between 1981 and 2004 so as to provide scientific rationales for the prevention and control of prostate cancer.Methods The data of prostate cancer cases were provided by the Tianjin Cancer Registry. The SAS system V9 was used to calculate the crude incidence, age-adjusted incidence and age specific incidence of prostate cancer in Tianjin between 1981 and 2004. And the Joinpoint 3.0 software was used to analyze secular trends. Results Between 1981 and 2004, a total of 1060 prostate cancer cases were diagnosed in Tianjin.And the age-adjusted incidence rate was 2.84/100 000 in 2004. The incidence of prostate cancer showed 3 incremental stages during the 24-year period at an annual average of 4.02%. An aging trend was observed for prostate cancer patients. The elder patients had a faster increment in incidence. Specifically, it increased annually at 4.63% for age group 65 - 74 year versus 5.18% for age group 75 years or more. Conclusion Despite a low incidence of prostate cancer in Tianjin, it is increasing at a fast rate. The prevention and control of prostate cancer should be strengthened.

Objective To compare the in-hospital clinical outcome of patients with coronary artery disease in different age groups [ < 65 years (younger), 60 to 79 years (older), and ≥ 80 years (octogenarians) ] underwent transradial intervention (TRI) so asto analyze the predictors of adverse events.Method From May 2004 to May 2009, a total of 16 293 patients underwent transradial intervention at our institution. The in- hospital outcome for patients in different age groups after TRI was investigated.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determinate the predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events(MACE) (composed of death, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization).Results Angiographic success rates were not different (97.5%, 97. 4%, 98. 1%, P > 0. 05 ) between 3 groups. However, the rates of procedureal complications became progressively higher with age group (0.8% ,1.2% ,4.0%, P<0.01). In-hospital MACE(1. 3% vs 2. 2% vs7.5%, P<0.01) and mortality (0. 1% vs 0. 3% vs 2. 9%, P < 0. 01 ) increased incrementally with age group. Aad it was associated with a significant decrement of DES ( 92. 0%, 89. 6%, 57.3%, P < 0. 01 ). The following characteristics were identified as independent multivariate predictors of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events: age ≥ 80 ( OR 6. 26, 95% CI: 3. 33 to 11.74; P <0. 01 ), prior myocardial infarction( OR 2. 19, 95% CI: 1.66 to 2. 88; P <0.01), left main lesion(OR 2.02, 95%CI: 1.04 to 3.91; P=0.04), age of 65 to 79(OR 1.83, 95%CI:1.37 to2.43; P<0. 01), number of implanted stents(OR 1.31, 95%CI: 1.15 to 1.50; P<0. 01), total stented length(OR 1.01, 95%CI:1.01 to 1.02; P=0.03), and use of DES(OR 0.59, 95%CI:0.39 to 0. 89; P = 0. 01 ). Conclusions The younger and older patients undergoing TRI have a more favorable in-hospital outcome. However the octogenarians has a substantially higher risk of in-hospital MACE.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and survival for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer ( MTNBC), especially such a metastatic site as brain. Methods The clinical data and survival status of 120 cases of operable MTNBC treated at our hospital from January 2002 to December 2004 were collected. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistic treatment. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0. 05. Results At the time of last follow-up, the median time after metastasis was 22 months. Nine deaths(65.8% )were recorded. In terms of all metastatic sites (initial + subsequent), lung (58. 3% ), liver(41.7% )and brain (40. 8% ) were most common sites. The patients with brain metastasis had a worse survival than those with non-brain metastases. Twenty-two ( 18. 33% ) patients were found to have brain metastasis at the time of first metastatic presentation. The initial metastatic site in patients with brain metastasis had a worse survival than those with non-brain metastases. The median survival time after metastasis was 8 and 31 months respectively ( P = 0. 000). Conclusion Triple-negative breast cancer is associated with a poor survival after metastases. The patients with brain metastases have a worse survival than those with non-brain metastases. New treatment strategies are needed.

Objective To observe the effect of icodextrin on peritoneal membrane angiogenesis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods This was a randomized double-blind perspective study of CAPD patients at our center between January 2006 to December 2006. The patients were randomized to receive either 7. 5% icodextrin ( ICO, n = 27) or glucose (GLU, n = 27) solution at night for 4 weeks. Peritoneal membrane function was defined as dialysate dwell for 4 hours to plasma ratio of creatinine (4 h D/Pcr) at baseline. Ultrafiltration volume, creatinine clearance (Ccr), VEGF and IL-6 in peritoneal effluent during the long night dwell (UF) dialysate were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks.The VEGF appearance was used to adjust the influences of dwell time and ultrafiltration volume. Results A total of 54 patients were enrolled. The baseline conditions showed no difference between the groups. After 2 and 4 weeks of therapy, both net UF and peritoneal creatinine clearance of long dwell were significantly higher in the ICO group than the GLU group. VEGF in night dwell PD solution was positively correlated with D/PCr(r = 0. 68, P < 0. 01 ) and negatively correlated to 4 hour ultrafiltration volume ( r = - 0. 51, P< 0. 01 ). The VEGF appearance was comparable between two groups at baseline. After a follow-up of 4 weeks, the VEGF appearance had an increasing tendency in the GLU group and a decreasing tendency in the ICO group but there was no significant difference. The △VEGF appearance ( VEGF appearance in 4 weekVEGF appearance at baseline) was different between the GLU and ICO groups (9. 5 ±20. 2 vs - 13. 4 ±26. 1,P< 0.01). IL-6 in night dwell dialysate had no difference between two groups. Conclusion As compared with glucose-based solution, 7. 5% icodextrin significantly decreases the local VEGF level in dialysate.[ Key words] U ltrafiltration; Vascular endothelial growth factors; Neovascularization, pathologic

Objective To explore the approach of operation plus chemotherapy in the treatment and diagnosis of human complicated alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in multi-organs (liver, lung and brain).Methods The clinical data for 17 cases of alveolar echinococcosis were reviewed by a follow-up of 1 -7 years between 2000 and 2009 at our hospital. Results Among 17 cases, 8 cases achieved an excellent effect after taking liposomal albendazole, 3 cases received radical hepatectomy and 1 case pneumonectomy with a better effect, 1 case of palliative liver transplantation had lung metastasis and stayed on a long-term therapy of liposomal albendazole. Another case of liver transplantation received a long-term postoperative chemotherapy. And the metastases of lung and brain were found. Three operative cases suffered serious complications in liver and brain and received a long-term chemotherapy. One of them died of serious brain complications after a 6-month follow-up. And one advanced AE patient died at home due to a refusal of any further treatment. Since more than two organs are involved by AE lesion of alveolar echinococcosis, it was rather difficult to diagnose and cure AE radically by complicated surgery. Thus the life quality and long-term survival of patients were seriously endangered. Conclusion Based on surgical approaches for serious complications and a comprehensive medical therapy, the multi-organ AE patients may have a prolonged survival and an improved clinical outcome.

Objective To assess the dose-response relationship between alcohol intake and relative risk of stroke and all-cause mortality among Eastern Asian men. Methods Potential prospective cohort studies were retrieved by searching Pubmed ( 1966 - 2000 ), OVI D ( 1980 - 2009 ), Embase (1980-2009)and ISI Web of Knowledge (1986 -2009) using Medical Subject Headings: alcohol drinking, ethanol,stroke, cerebrovascular disease, mortality, etc; and Koreans or Japanese or Chinese. From the relevant retrieved reports, 17 prospective cohort studies fulfilling the criteria were included into the study.Information on study design, participant characteristics, amount of alcohol intake, stroke and/or all-cause mortality outcomes, control for potential confounding factors and risk estimates was abstracted by a standardized protocol. For each study, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted and pooled with either a fixed or random effect model according to the results of the test of heterogeneity.Results As data available for women were too limited to be included into our meta-analysis, this study focused on male subjects, ranging from 1322 to 108 461 subjects among these 17 cohort studies. Compared with nondrinkers, the RRs of ischemic stroke for those drinking alcohol ≤20, 21 -40, 41 -60, >60 g/d,were0.85 (0.78-0.93, P=0.0002), 0.94 (0.79-1.11, P=0.46), 1.08 (0.86-1.37, P=0.50)and 1.24 (0. 96 - 1.59, P =0. 10) respectively. Similarly, RRs of hemorrhagic stroke were 0.92 (0.75 -1.12, P=0.46), 1.11 (0.96- 1.28, P =0. 17), 1.20 (0.92 - 1.56, P =0.18) and 1.74 (1.32 -2.28, P<0.01); and those of all-cause mortality were 0.83 (0.75 -0.91, P=0.01), 0.93(0.87-0.99, P=0.03), 1.01 (0.95-1.07, P=0.86) and 1.32 (1.29-1.36, P<0.01) respectively.Conclusion In Eastern Asian men, light alcohol intake ( ≤ 20 g/d) is associated with a lowered risk of ischemic stroke whereas heavy alcohol intake is associated with an elevated risk of stroke, particularly hemorrhagic stroke and all-cause mortality.

Objective To analyze the gene sequences of Trx1 and Trx2 of Helicobacter pylori (HP)from different gastric diseases, define the amino acid sequences and investigate the relationship with these diseases. Methods The HP strains were isolated from gastric mucosa of 25 patients with chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastric cancer respectively and cultured on solid blood agar medium. The primers of Trx1 and Trx2 were designed according to the sequences of GenBank. The Trx1 and Trx2 were respectively amplified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and were sequenced by the bioinformatics method. The sequences were compared with those of the international standard HP strains. Results The whole sequence of Trx1 and the first 295 bp of Trx2 were successfully amplified to allow for sequence comparison by BioEdit.The Trx1 from different HP strains contained 321 bp encoding 106 amino acids. The mutation ratio was 13.4% (43/321). All amino acids contained the same active motif Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys. The homology of Trx1 amino acids from 25 strains was 97.2% (103/106). The mutation ratio for first 295 bp of Trx2 was 18.6% (55/295). All amino acids encoded by Trx2 contained one CXXC zone while the Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys motif was not found. The homology of Trx2 amino acids was 84. 7% (83/98). Conclusion Two different subtypes of Trx from clinically isolated Hp strains have mutation sites. But the homology of encoded amino acids is relatively high because of invalid mutations. Trx1 of HP strains from different diseases all contains a redox active motif Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys while Trx2 contains only a CXXC zone. The above results will provide valuable rationales for future studies of the biological function and pathogenic mechanisms of HP Trx1 and Trx2.

Objective To investigate the effect of protein kinase CK2α on apoptosis and ultrastructure of human laryngeal carcinoma cells and its possible mechanism. Methods The siRNA expression plasmid psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2αt specific to protein kinase CK2α and non-specific siRNA expression plasmid psiRNA-hH1neo-cont were transfected into Hep-2 cells respectively by lipofectamine method. Western blot was used to detect the expression of kinase CK2α protein. The apoptotic rate was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining. The morphological changes of Hep-2 cells were observed under transmission electron microscope ( TEM ). The expressions of bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured by Western blot. Results The expression of protein kinase CK2α protein significantly decreased in the Hep-2 cells transfected with psiRNA-hH1 neo-CK2α( P < 0.01 ). Compared with the untransfected cells and siRNA-hH1neo-cont transfected group, psiRNA-hH1neo-CK2α transfected group presented with classical ultrastructural features of apoptosis, such as karyopyknosis, chromatic agglutination adjacent to nuclear membrane and apoptotic body. The apoptotic rate of psiRNA-hH1 neo-CK2α transfected group was obviously higher than that in untransfected cells and siRNA-hH1neo-cont transfected group (25.66% ± 0.83% vs 3.66% ±0.43%, 5.18% ±0.22%, both P < 0.05). Compared with two other groups, the bcl-2 protein expression of psiRNA-hH1 neo-CK2α transfected group decreased (0.20 ± 0.09 vs 0.72 ±± 0. 16, 0. 56 ±0.11, both P < 0.01 ), the Bax protein expression increased (0.81 ± 0.17 vs 0.26 ± 0. 12, 0.33 ± 0.17,both P < 0.01 ) while the ratio of bcl-2 to Bax decreased (0.25 ±0.05 vs 2.76 ±0.21, 1.70 ±0. 22, both P < 0.01 ). Conclusion Protein kinase CK2a plays an important role in the apoptosis of human laryngeal carcinoma cells possibly by decreasing bcl-2/Bax. Protein kinase CK2a may provide a potential therapeutic target against human laryngeal carcinoma

Objective To study the influence and distribution in proximal tubule epithelial cells with the expressions of CD133 and CD34 in a rat model so as to provide a study basis for renal adult stem cell. Methods The kidney ischemia/reperfusion model was established by blocking the bilateral renal arteries for about 50 min and recovering the renal perfusion of blood. Then the rat kidneys were extracted at Days 3, 5 and 7 post-modeling. After a series of special treatment, immunohistochemical staining was used to show the distribution and expression intensity of KIM-1, Brdu antigen, CD34 and CD133 antigens in cells with the elapsing of time. Results As compared with control group, the KIM-1 and CD133 antigens were present in cotex renis while the CD34 and Brdu antigens were distributed in parts of medulla renis and juncture of cotex-medulla renis. The expression density value of KIM-1 and CD133 antigens rose for the first 3 days then declined afterward ( 40. 3% ± 3.2%, 57. 5% ± 3. 8%, 24. 3% ± 1.4% ) . Otherwise the expression density value of CD 34 antigen declined(56. 0% ±4. 8% ,44. 2% ±2. 2% ,28. 8% ± 1.0% )and Brdu antigen showed an upward trend at post-operation( 10. 0% ± 1.1% ,36. 0% ±4. 2% ,48.8% ±5. 0% ).Conclusion After ischemia/reperfusion injury in kidney, the expression rates of CD133 and KIM-1 antigen rise obviously in cotex renis. And the D34 and Brdu antigens show a similar trend in medulla renis. The result indicates that the phenomenon of proliferation and differentiation may appears in kidney proximal tubule and migrate from the region of medulla renis to cotex renis. The participating cells not only possess the strong proliferation and repairing ability of stem/progenitor cells, but also can expresses the CD34 and CD133 antigens. Thus it is may provide a study basis for the tissue reconstruction of nephron and research in the field of kidney adult stem cell.

Objective To observe the effect of telmisartan on the expression of PPARγin rat renal tissue of IgA nephropathy model and clarify the possible mechanism of telmisartan in tubulointerstitial injury.Methods The experimental rat model with IgA nephropathy was induced by bovine serum albumin ( BSA),lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4). Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, IgA model group, rosiglitazone group, telmisartan group and losartan group. At preadministration, Weeks 4, 8 and 10, the quantity of 24-hour proteinuria was measured. The morphologic changes of renal tissues were evaluated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expressions of PPARγ, TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in different groups and RT-PCR to detect the expressions of PPARγ, TGF-β1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) in different groups. Results Compared with control group, 24-hour proteinuria(mg) increased markedly in IgA model group( 14. 14 ± 1.99 vs 1.59 ±0. 18), but rosiglitazone group(2. 35 ±0. 33), telmisartan group( 1.88 ±0. 09)and losartan group( 2. 82 ± 0. 34 ) was much lower and telmisartan had the most significant effect (all P <0. 05). Compared with control group, there were varying degrees of mesangial proliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cell in IgA model group(3. 10 ±0. 18). The tubulointerstitial injury was notably alleviated in rosiglitazone group( 1.97 ±0. 23), telmisartan group( 1.57 ±0. 14) and losartan group (2. 15 ±0. 22) while telmisartan had the most significant effect (all P < 0.01 ＝. With immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), PPARγ, TGF-β1, α-SMA and MCP-1 had minimal expression on tubule and interstitium in normal group. But there was a high expression in model group. There was no difference between losartan and model groups. There was a lowered expression in rosiglitazone and telmisartan groups. Conclusion Possibly through two separate passways of stimulating PPARγ and preventing Angiotensin Ⅱ receptor, telmisartan shows special protective function in tubulointerstitial injury.

Objective To observe the effects of fenofibrate on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscle of rats with insulin resistance (IR) induced by elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (Con, infused with saline), lipid infusion group (FFA) and fenofibrate treatment plus lipid infusion group (F-FFA). Plasma glucose, insulin andFFA were measured. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) was used to evaluate the insulin sensitivity by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The gene expression of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Compared with the control group, the levels of plasma FFA and insulin were elevated significantly in rats infused with lipid, but they decreased significantly in rats pretreated with fenofibrate then infused with lipid [ FFA, Con: 0. 46 ( 0. 08 - 0. 72 ) mmol/L, FFA: 1.45 (0.87-1.70) mmol/L, F-FFA: 0.54 (0.06-0.84) mmol/L, all P<0.01; Insulin, Con: (6.56 ±0.78) μIU/ml, FFA: (10.54±0.86) μIU/ml, F-FFA: (6.69±0.84) μIU/ml, all P<0.01]. In addition, the plasma glucose levels did not change markedly after lipid infusion; GIR was significantly reduced by 55.6% in lipid infusion group, but fenofibrate-pretreatment increased glucose infusion rate (GIR) [Con: (25. 13 ±2. 10) mg · kg-1 · min-1, FFA: ( 10. 16 ±0.75) mg· kg-1 · min-1, F-FFA:(21.72 ±2. 89) mg · kg-1 · min-1, all P <0. 01 ]; the mRNA expression of PGC-1α decreased by about 71% in lipid infusion group but fenofibrate increased the gene expression by about 150% as compared with FFA group ( all P <0. 01 ). Conclusion The elevation of plasma FFA levels may induce IR, and it also decreases the mRNA expression of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle. And fenofibrate pretreatment reverses these changes.

miRNA is a kind of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules with a length of about 21~25 nucleotides, which are involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and organ development, etc. The first evidence of its involvement in cell cycle regulation comes from the study of lin-4.

From August 28 to September 1, 2010, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2010 Annual Meeting was held in Stockholm, Sweden, with the participation of 25,000 doctors from more than 150 countries. ESC has become the largest academic conference in the field of cardiovascular disease. The theme of this year is "Coronary Artery Disease: From Gene to Outcome". Some important clinical research results and four new guidelines have been published.

ANCA-associated vasculitis, including Wegener's granuloma and microscopic microvasculitis, is an autoimmune disease involving multiple systems in the whole body. The lesions mostly involve the middle and small blood vessels, mainly invading the respiratory tract and kidney. Antiprotease-3 and myeloperoxidase antibodies appear in the circulation of most patients.

The patient was a 19-year-old male who was found to have intermittent melena for more than 1 month. The patient found melena without obvious trigger more than 1 month ago, accompanied by dizziness and fatigue, and could take care of himself, without fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, epistaxis and gingival bleeding. During the course of the disease, the patient had poor appetite, good sleep and normal urine.