Volume 90  ·   Issue 34  ·  2010

With the development and progress of medicine, the concept of comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer is deeply rooted in people's hearts, but surgical treatment is still the most important means of treating gastric cancer. The debate between Eastern and Western scholars about lymph dissection or not has basically subsided, and the quality of lymph dissection of gastric cancer will directly affect the prognosis of patients. Therefore, surgeons should pay full attention to the skills and strategies of lymph dissection of gastric cancer to achieve the goal of radical surgical cure.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of surgical treatment for acute pulmonary embolism under shallow low temperature cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods From April 2004 to October 2009,the data of 12 inpatients with acute pulmonary embolism were analyzed.Deep vein thrombosis was present in ali patients.There were unilateral pulmonary embolism (n=7),bilateral pulmonary embolism (n= 5),shock (n=5); heart function class Ⅲ (n=7) and heart function class Ⅳ (n=5).The average time from onset to surgery was 9 hours.Results Among all cases,no recurrence was observed.All showed normal heart function and fully resumed manual labor.Conclusion Surgical thrombectomy for acute pulmonary embolism has an excellent clinical efficacy.Its routine use should be encouraged.

Objective To evaluate the value of reflux diagnostic questionnaire in the diagnosis of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods Forty-five children aged 7-16 years old referred for suspected GERD with vomiting/regurgitation,nausea,heartburn/retrosternal pain,abdominal pain,epigastric pain,acid regurgitation and pain while swallowing were assessed.Each symptom was rated from 0 to 3 according to its severity and frequency.The items of questionnaire were validated against the results from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal 24 h pH monitoring.And the results were compared with symptom scores to determine the threshold value for GERD.Results In 45 patients,the ratio of male to female was 1.37:1 and the mean age (11.1±2.6) years old.Composite score in 23 patients with GERD (20±10) was significantly higher than that in 22 patients without GERD (13 ±4)(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference of composite scores among patients with grades 0,Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ according to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (P > 0.05).With 13.0 as threshold score for GERD,the sum of sensitivity and specificity was maximal.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.79 while true positive diagnostic rate 72.0%and true negative diagnostic rate 75.0% with a sensitivity of 78.3%,a specificity of 68.2% and an accuracy of 73.3%.Conclusion Reflux diagnostic questionnaire is a suitable method in initial diagnosis of GERD.It may serve as a screening test for GERD in 7-16-year-old children.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of novel severe influenza A (H1N1) with concurrent adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods A multivariable Logistic regression analysis was conducted for ARDS risk factors in controlled clinical trials for comparing the clinical features between the ARDS and non-ARDS groups and comparing ARDS patients' lymphocyte counts and T lymphocyte subsets between the smoking and non-smoking groups through a retrospective analysis of 92 novel influenza A (H1N1) patients who admitted to our hospital from October 2009 to January 2010.Results Through a single factor analysis between ARDS and non-ARDS groups,the comparisons in the factors including smoking(17 cases vs 11 cases),T lymphocyte subsets,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),initial treatment point of oseltamivir and initial oxygen flow greater than 2 L/min (28 cases vs 18 cases) had statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05).The comparison in T lymphocyte subsets had statistically significant difference between the smoking and non-smoking groups in ARDS patients (all P < 0.05).The multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (P=0.027,OR=8.05,95% CI:1.28-50.80) and initial oxygen flow greater than 2 L/min (P =0.010,OR=16.70,95%CI:3.29-84.84)were relevant to the incidence of ARDS in novel influenza A (H1N1) patients.Conclusion Smoking and initial oxygen flow greater than 2 L/min were the risk factors of novel severe influenza A (H1N1) with concurrent ARDS.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of toll-like receptor 4 expression on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in uremic patients and observe the effect of ultrapure dialysate on the PBMC expression of TLR4 in these patients.Methods Eighty patients on maintenance dialysis were randomly divided into two groups:conventional dialysate group (CD,n=40),ultrapure dialysate group(UPD,n =40)and 40 uremic patients without dialysis in NH D group.The blood cells from all patients and 40 healthy controls were stained with FITC labeling anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibodies.Samples were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The expression of TLR4 was significantly lower in CD group (18.1±3.7) than in NHD group (24.5±4.6,P < 0.05) and healthy control group (31.6±5.8,P < 0.01).And marked difference existed between CD group (18.1±3.7)and U PD group (23.1 ±3.2,P <0.05) at Month 6 post-dialysis.In CD group the expression of TLR4 became significantly smaller as the duration of dialysis increased (P <0.05) while in UPD group although the expression of TLR4 became smaller as the duration of dialysis became longer.But the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05).Conclusion The PBMC expression of TLR4 becomes down-regulated in uremic patients with or without dialysis and its expression is smaller in conventional dialysate group than in ultrapure dialysate group.The conventional dialysate may suppress the expression of TLR4 while the phenomenon is absent in ultrapure dialysate group.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,surgical treatment and prognostic analysis of retroperitoneal paragangliomas and to enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic levels of retroperitoneal paragangliomas.Methods The clinical data of all patients undergoing paraganglioma resection at our department from November 1999 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.The parameters included clinical manifestations,tumor function,surgical findings,operative approach,tumor pathology,imaging study and post-operative survival time.Results (1) The ratio of male to female was 19,47%).And the preoperative CT misdiagnosis rate was high (89%).(2) The most common tumor location was periaortic and pericaval (9/19,47%).The average maximal diameter of tumors was 8.6 cm.58% (11/19) tumors had integral peplos,42% (8/19) adhered to adjacent organs and 26% (5/19)required adjacent organ resection.(3) The rate of functional tumor was 63% (12/19).Preoperative and intra-operative hypertension occurred in 67% (8/12) and 33% (4/12) respectively.(4)Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 18 tumors of 16 patients.Among all tumors,89% (16/18)showed positive immunoreactivity for chromogranin and 67% (12/18) for S-100.PCNA staining showed different proliferative activities (0%-48% positive).Only malignant tumors showed positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67 staining and P53 staining (20% & 34% respectively).(5) The overall 5-year survival was 77%.Survival was significantly worse after metastasis (χ2=6.604,P =0.01).But it was not dependent on tumor diameter (χ2=3.208,P=0.201),the secreting function of tumor (χ2=0.121,P =0.728) and the status of tumor margins (χ2=0.036,P=0.849).Conclusion It is difficult to make an early diagnosis of retroperitoneal paragangliomas.Survival is significantly worse after metastasis.Lifelong follow-up for recurrence is important.And it is absolutely essential to perform immunohistochemical staining for tumors.

Objective To investigate the effects of intervention treatment in relation to renal function in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTEACS).Methods A total of 815 NSTEACS patients were randomized to receive either early intervention (coronary angiography within 24 h of randomization) or delayed intervention (coronary angiography over 36 h after randomization).Serum creatinine was determined in 781 patients at admission and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by the abbreviated MDRD formula.The subjects were stratified according to eGFR ≥ 90 ml· min-1·(1.73m2)-1,60≤eGFR <90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 and eGFR <60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 and followed up for 180 days.Death,myocardial infarction or stroke was regarded as the primary end point.Results Incidence of the primary end point was 6.3% at eGFR ≥ 90 ml·min-1 (1.73 m2)-1,10.1% at60≤eGFR<90 ml· min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 and 15.5% at eGFR<60 ml·min-1·(1.73m2)-1 (P=0.032) .The 180 day mortality was 1.9% at eGFR ≥ 90 ml·min-1 (1.73 m2)-1,2.6% at 60≤ eGFR < 90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 and 9.1% at eGFR < 60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 (P= 0.01) In a logistic regression analysis,adjusting for other important covariables,the delayed intervention remained independently associated with the risk of primary end point in 60≤eGFR <90 ml·min-1·(1.73m2)-1 group (odds ratio,2.106;95% confidence interval,1.102-4.024).Conclusion The strategy of early intervention reduces the risk of death/MI or stroke at 180 days in NSTEACS patients with mild renal dysfunction.

Objective To employ a newly modified rat model for infection-induced bladder stone formation.Methods 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups,model group (n =12),sham operation group (n=8) and control group (n=4).The surgical procedures were performed aseptically under anesthesia (25% Ultan 1.0 g/kg).The bladder in model group was exposed through a short lower midline abdominal incision,the puncture needle(G18)with guideline was inserted aseptically into bladder,a metal wire ,which have been contaminated by the Proteus mirabilis ,was put into the puncture canal,then implanted into the bladder lumen through the guideline.In the sham operated group the puncture needle(Gl8) with guideline was inserted into bladder without metal wire implanted into the bladder.There was no any operation in control group.The rats were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia at 21 days post challenge.The bladder were removed aseptically and inspected for evidence of urolithiasis.Results On Day 2 after surgery,two rats died in model group,no rats died in other groups.Twenty-one days after surgery,all of rats in model group developed various-sized bladder stones.There was no stone formation in sham operation group and control group.All stones were verified by infrared spectroscopy and optical crystallography.These stone were struvite stone.Conclusion This model has a less trauma,faster recovery and excellent stone formation so that it may be used for the study of infection stone.

Objective To study the effect of simultaneously increasing PTEN gene expression and inhibiting Livin gene expression on the gastric carcinoma cell line (BGC823) and construct a recombinant vector expressing PTEN while simultaneously silencing Livin.Methods The siRNA expression unit against Livin gene (siLivin) was cleaved from pRNAT-U6.1-Livin vector and then inserted into pCL-neo-PTE to construct the recombinant vector pCL-neo-PTEN-siLivin.Then pCL-neo-PTEN-siLivinp,pCL-neo-PTEN,pRNAT-U6.1-Livin,pCL-neo and pRNAT-U6.1 were respectively transfeoted into the gastric carcinoma cell line (BGC823) with LipofectAMINETM 2000.The mRNA and protein expression level of PTEN and Livin genes in each cell group was detected by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Recombinant vectors of pCL-neo-PTEN,pRNAT-U6.1-Livin and pCL-neo-PTEN-siLivin were constructed successfully.After transfection with pCL-neo-PTEN-siLivin,the mRNA and protein expression level of PTEN (0.897 ±0.112) rose in BGC823 cells while Livin gene became silenced.And the characterization of regulated cell bioactivity improved.There were significant differences between transfected and control groups (P < 0.05).And the inhibiting effect on the proliferation and metastasis of BGC823 cell by increasing PTEN expression and silencing Livin simultaneously was better than that only by regulating PTEN genes or Livin genes alternatively.Conclusion The recombinant vector of expressing PTEN and silencing Livin gene simultaneously is successfully constructed.

Objective To study the effect of FAM172A protein related to diabetic macroangiopathy on apoptosis and proliferation in HEK293 cells.Methods The pDrive-FAM172A plasmid constructed in our previous study was used as a template to amplify human FAM172A open reading frame by a polymerase chain reaction.The resulting PCR products were subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector PDC315 to construct recombinant PDC315-FAM172A plasmid.PDC315-FAM172A plasmid was identified by enzyme cleavage and sequencing analysis.HEK293 cells were transiently transfected respectively with appropriate PDC315 or PDC315-FAM172A plasmid by Lipofectamine 2000 according to the manufacturer's instruction.XTT assay and growth curve were used to observe the effect of over-expression of FAM172A gene on HEK293cell proliferation.PI and Annexin V/PI staining method were used to assess the effect of FAM172A gene on apoptosis and cell cycle of HEK293 cell.Results Eukaryotic expression vector PDC315-FAM172A was successfully constructed and identified by enzyme cleavage and sequencing analysis.Compared with PDC315plasmid transfection,the XTT assay showed that optical density (A) value increased by 52% when transfected with PDC315-FAM172A plasmid (0.21±0.07 vs 0.32±0.06,P < 0.01).Growth curve revealed that HEK293 cells transfected with PDC315-FAM172A plasmid proliferated faster than those transfected with PDC315 plasmid.PI staining showed that,as compared with PDC315 plasmid transfection,the apoptotic rate of HEK293 cells transfected with PDC315-FAM172A plasmid decreased by 38.5%(23.79±1.36 vs 14.64±0.95,P < 0.01),cell percentage of G0-G1 phases significantly decreased (66.79±1.73 vs 58.16 ±0.75,P <0.01) and cell percentage of S phases significantly increased (22.62 ±1.16 vs33.56 ±0.94,P <0.01).Annexin V/PI staining revealed that,as compared with PDC315 plasmid transfection,the percentage of early and advanced apoptotic cells decreased by 28% (13.63 ±0.56 vs 9.79 ±0.39,P <0.01) and 29% (7.70±0.29 vs 5.43±0.29,P < 0.01) respectively.Conclusion FAM172A protein promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis and facilitates S-phases entry.It indicates that FAM172A protein is involved in cell growth regulation.Our findings provide a clue for further study on its physiological functions and roles in diabetic macroangiopathy.

Objective To investigate the effects of ambroxol on rat models with nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and its potential mechanism.Methods Nine pregnant female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups at Day 9.5:2 ml olive oil intragastrically in control group (2 rats)and 200 mg nitrofen in nitrofen (2 rats) and ambroxol groups (5 rats).Antenatal ambroxol was given intraperitoneally to ambroxol group at Days 18.5,19.5 and 20.5 of gestation while control and nitrofen groups only received intraperitoneal normal saline.At Day 21.5 the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section.Incidence of hernia,lung weight/body weight (LW/BW),mean terminal branch density (MTBD),percentage of lung alvkolar area (PLAA),percentage of wall thickness (MT%) and the expression of TGF-β1 were observed.Results There were 19 CDH fetuses in nitrofen group (68.4%).The incidence of hernia in ambroxol group was 65.1% (28/43).There was no significant difference (P > 0.05)between two groups.LW/BW and PLAA decreased while MTBD and MT% increased significantly in the nitrofen group versus the control group[(45±6) mg/g vs (60±7) mg/g,(50.1±4.0) % vs (58.4 ±3.0)%,(14.0± 1.8)vs(8.5 ±1.1),(45 ±6)% vs(29 ±6)%,all P=0.001].After ambroxol intervention,the ambroxol group showed a higher PLAA but a lower MTBD and MT%[(54.0±2.0) %,(12.2±2.1),(39±4) %]than those in the nitrofen group (P=0.001,0.006,0.002).The expression of TGF-β1 in pulmonary tissues of the nitrofen group was significantly higher than that in the control group (13 594±3113 vs 9447±1355,P=0.001).It decreased after ambroxol intervention (10 015±818,P =0.01).Conclusion Though with no effect upon the occurrence of CDH in rats,the administration of ambroxol may improve the pulmonary maturity.The down-regulated expression of TGF-β1 and the oxidative stability are possible mechanisms.

Objective To observe the expression of Th1 type cytokine IL-12 and Th2 type cytokine IL-4 in different development phases of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome in mouse model.Methods Mice were infected by Trichinella spiralis (350-400 Trichinella) and weighted weekly after infection.Visceral sensitivity of colorectal distention in mice was assessed by abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) at Weeks 0,2,4,8,12 post-infection.Tissues of terminal ileum were collected.Histological pathology and inflammation were evaluated by HE staining.Results The weights of mice in 2 and 4-week groups were lower than those in the control group[(31.1±3.7) g vs (35.6±2.7) g,(36.1±3.4) g vs (39.8±2.7) g,all P < 0.05)].The weights of 8,12-week groups had no statistical difference with the control group (all P > 0.05).Severe intestinal inflammation was observed at Week 2 during acute infectious period,but after a 4-week infection it recovered from intestinal inflammation,until Weeks 8-12,there was no difference with the control group.At 30,45,60 mm Hg,the AWR scores of the infectious group was higher than those in the control group.The 2-week group was the highest (2.60 ±0.55 vs 1.00 ±0.35,2.90 ±0.20 vs 1.50 ±0.70,3.30±0.50 vs 2.00±0.35,all P < 0.05).Mice infected at Week 8 could serve as a successful model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.An elevated expression of IL-12,IL-4 mRNA and protein was observed in ileocecum at Week 2 during acute phase (0.77±0.04 and 0.40±0.05,0.42±0.04 and 0.33 ±0.05),decreased expression of IL-4 mRNA and protein was observed in ileocecum at Weeks 8,12(0.10±0.03 and 0.08 ±0.03,0.08 ±0.03 and 0.06 ±0.03).However a prolonged high expression of IL-12 mRNA and protein was observed in ileocecum at Weeks 8,12 (0.42±0.03 and 0.25±0.05,0.39±0.02 and 0.24±0.04),but lower than those in the 2-week group (all P < 0.05).Conclusion A differential expression of Th type cytokines is observed in different development phases of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome in a mouse model.All cytokines increase during acute infection stage; However Th1type cytokine increases continuously while Th2 type cytokine decreases in the established model.

Objective To investigate the mechanical properties of various brands of thermoplastic materials under different test conditions so as to analyze their influencing factors so as to provide a reference for improving the effect of invisible orthodontics.Methods Three brands of thermoplastic materials,DR,Biolon and Erkodent,were selected.They were tested by Instron testing machine to measure their maximal stress and modulus under different processing modes,including pre-thermoforming,post-thermoforming and dipped in artificial saliva for two weeks after thermoforming.The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5.Analyzed the mechanical properties change-trend under each test condition.Results The modulus (MPa)and maximum stress (MPa) of control group were significantly higher than those of thermoforming group (DR:9.63±0.68 vs 7.85±0.61,267±8 vs 199±6; Erkodent:8.28±0.28 vs 7.59±0.45,226±6 vs 199±6;Biolon:8.85±0.41 vs 7.07±0.22,237±6 vs 169±7,all P < 0.05).The modulus (MPa) and maximum stress(MPa) of thermoforming group were significantly lower than those of saliva immersion group (DR:7.85±0.61 vs 9.14±0.41,199±6 vs 243±7; Erkodent:7.59±0.45 vs 8.38±0.29,199±6 vs212±7; Biolon:7.07 ±0.22 vs 7.90 ±0.31,169 ±7 vs 197 ±5,all P<0.05).Conclusions The different brands of thermoplastic materials have different mechanical properties.The different processing modes influence the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials.The mechanical properties decrease after thermoforming and increase after saliva immersion.

Objective To explore the effect and the intracellular signal transduction pathway of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) in gastric smooth muscle cells (SMC).Methods Gastric SMC from SD rats were cultured by enzymolysis and identified by α-actin immunofluorescence methods.Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the expression of SCF in gastric SMC:(1) The level of SCF after gastric SMC were cultured with IGF-1.(2) The level of SCF after IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1 Rα) monoclonal antibody were added.(3) Another SMC were pretreated with specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD-98059 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor LY-294002,and investigate expression of SCF in gastric SMC.Results A very low level of SCF was expressed in gastric SMC cultured in bovine serum free medium.A low concentration of IGF-1 (5 and 10 μg/L) had no effect on the expression of SCF (both P > 0.05),but the expressions of SCF mRNA and protein increased in IGF-1 at a higher concentration (50,100 and 150 μg/L) (2.79,5.51 and 5.35-fold in protein respectively,1.81,2.54 and 2.38-fold in mRNA respectively,all P < 0.05),and IGF-1 in 100 μg/L may be the effective final concentration (all P < 0.05).The peak of SCF increment was at the 16th hour with IGF-1 (2.36-fold in protein,5.51-fold in mRNA,all P <0.05).The expression of SCF could be inhibited by IGF-1 receptor monoclonal antibody in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.05).The IGF-1-induced SCF expression was reduced significantly by a pretreatment of PD-98059 (23% in protein and 48% in mRNA,P <0.05).And LY-294002 had no effect on the expression of SCF (P > 0.05).Conclusion The SCF expression in gastric SMC is stimulated by IGF-1 in both dose-and time-dependent manners through IGF-1R in which ERKMAPK signal transduction may play an important role.

Objective To investigate the anti metastatic potential of retinoic acid as an important determinant of metastatic behavior in thyroid carcinoma and understand the role of invasion associated proteins.Methods Differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell lines FTC-133 and XTC.UC1,anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines C643 and HTH74 were studied.All cell lines were cultured with all-trans-RA (ATRA) or solvent ethanol.The in vitro invasion and adhesion potency were studied by transwell experiment and shortterm adhesion assay.The functions of invasion associated proteins,urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA),uPA receptor (uPAR),MMP2 and E-cadherin were investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.Results In vitro invasion assay revealed that ATRA treatment could reduce the invasive potency in all the thyroid cancer cell lines.On Day 5 of ATRA treatment,the numbers of cells that migrated through extracellular matrix were as follows,in contrast to control group,FTC-133:91 ±9 vs 118±10,C643:92± 17 vs 164 ±21,HTH74:87±18 vs 169±15,and XTC.UC1:95 ±23 vs 136±15,respectively (all P < 0.05).Short term adhesion assay suggested that ATRA increases cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) in C643,HTH74 and XTC.UC1.RT-PCR and Western blot both revealed diminished expression of uPAR in all four carcinoma cell lines.In C643 and HTH74 cell lines,the expression of uPA was reduced and the expression of E-Cadherin was increased; whereas the MMP2 expression was not significantly down-regulated in ATRA treated group.In ATRA treated FTC-133 and XTC.UC1 cell lines,MMP2 expression was decreased,but no significant changes in uPA and E-Cadherin expression were observed.Conclusion The present study demonstrates the influence of ATRA on two important determinants of metastatic behavior ("de adhesion" and proteolysis) in thyroid carcinoma cell lines.

In medical practice and research, the influence of race or ethnicity has become a topic of concern. Its composition is complex, and it integrates social, cultural and genetic factors. Lung function measurement often classifies a large sample of people by self-identified race or ethnicity, and then obtains the normal reference standard values of each index of lung function according to the prediction equation.

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are currently widely used to treat hypertension,heart failure,diabetic nephropathy and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials conducted by Sipahi et al. in the United States showed that ARBs are associated with an increased risk of new cancers. The results were published in July 2010<Lancet Oncol, 2010, 11: 627-636.

A 71-year-old male was admitted to hospital because of "three more and one less" for 13 years and blood glucose fluctuation for 1 month. The patient was diagnosed as "diabetes" 13 years ago, and had been treated with various drugs orally, but blood glucose control was poor.One year ago, he developed lower limb edema, and the urine protein was + + +, blood creatinine was 500~600 μ mol/L, blood potassium was 7 mmol/L, blood pressure was increased and blood pressure was anemic. He started regular hemodialysis, and switched to insulin to control blood glucose. He was briefly injected with animal insulin (2~3 days), and then treated with human insulin, which was "Novolin R" 8U (30 min before 3 meals) and "Novolin N" 4U (before bed). After more than 10 days, it was changed to "Ganshulin 30 R" 16U (before breakfast) and 12 U (before dinner).

gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tissue-derived tumor of the digestive tract, and the gain-of-function mutation of c-kit and platelet growth factor receptor α (PDGFR α) gene is the key to the occurrence of GIST [1]. Most GIST are sporadic, and familial GIST is a rare type of GIST. This paper reviews and summarizes 23 familial GIST literature reports collected in PebMed database so far, and summarizes its epidemiology, clinical pathology, genetics, diagnosis and treatment, aiming to improve the understanding and emphasis on familial GIST, a rare hereditary neoplastic disease.

Human beings are constantly faced with the direct or indirect invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. At present, it is believed that the natural immune system is the first line of defense against pathogenic damage, which can recognize the microorganisms that cause cell damage and stimulate the body to produce immune response in time, while the "harmless" microorganisms are regarded as "symbionts" and produce immune tolerance. antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are effector molecules of this kind of natural immune system, which can contact with microbial membrane and dissolve cells, and have broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect.

On June 26, 2010, the 2nd National Symposium on Gas Signaling Molecular Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Research Report on Bioactive Small Molecular Substances jointly sponsored by Peking University First Hospital and Chinese Medical Doctors Association was held in Beijing. More than 160 delegates from 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China attended the conference. The chairmen of this conference were Professor Du Junbao of Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital, Professor Tang Chaoshu of Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Peking University, Professor Zhu Yichun and Professor Zhu Yizhen of Fudan University.

The patient was a 30-year-old female, 65 kg, 33 weeks pregnant. She had undergone mitral valve balloon dilatation due to congenital heart disease. She was admitted to hospital due to fever and cough for 5 days with chest tightness and shortness of breath for 1 day. Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography showed: (1) After balloon dilatation of biforamen mitral valve malformation; Severe mitral insufficiency; Valve tear, partial chordae tendineae rupture possible; (2) Moderate tricuspid regurgitation with severe pulmonary hypertension; (3) Left heart enlargement. That is, due to cardiac insufficiency, respiratory failure was admitted to intensive care unit for treatment.