Volume 90  ·   Issue 10  ·  2010

Uric acid is the end product of human purine metabolism.Hyperuricemia (HUA) refers to the supersaturation of uric acid level in extracellular fluid, which occurs due to the influence of genetic and environmental factors,enhanced purine anabolism,excessive uric acid production and/or decreased renal excretion.In physiological state, uric acid is one of the main endogenous water-soluble antioxidants in the body, and its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects are similar to vitamin C. Under stress, uric acid level increases briefly, which is considered as a protective response of the body.

Uric acid is the main metabolite of purine base in human body. About 80% of normal human uric acid is derived from the decomposition of endogenous purine nucleotides and 20% from food. It exists in the form of uric acid in extracellular fluid and is mainly excreted through the kidneys. At present, a large number of research reports on the relationship between serum uric acid and cardiovascular diseases have been published at home and abroad, and the earliest can be traced back to the 19th century ~ ([1]). However, the understanding of the relationship between uric acid and cardiovascular diseases is still confusing. Among many cardiovascular risk factors, uric acid has never been listed as the main risk factor.

Objective To investigate the beneftcial impact of programmed hyperuricemic intervention upon the alterations of metabolic parameters and the prevention of cardiovascular morbid change.Methods A total of 531 subjects of hyperuricemia were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group and control group.There was a 36-month follow-up by this prospective study. The intervention group was managed and followed up while the control group received only the baseline and finalassessments.The improved way of life,changes of metabolic parameters and sub-clinical cardiovascular lesions were compared between two groups.Results (1)Except for smoking and drinking habits.such lifestyle aspects as low-purine diet,low-fat diet, high-salt control and regular exercise had improved significantly and their percentages increased 37.1%,26.2%,25.7%,24.8% respectively after management in the intervention group(P<0.01).Except for low-purine and low-fat diets.the lifestyle aspects had not improved significantly after follow-up in the control group.The incremental percentages of high-salt control and regular exercise were 2.2% and 2.1% respectively and there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).(2)The pre-intervention and post-intervention levels of uric acid,body mass index, waist circumference,triglycerides and blood pressure were(449±3)vs(410±3)mmol/L,(3.62 ±0.30)vs(1.98 ±0.02)mmol/L,(93.8±0.6)vs(90.2 ±0.5)cm,(27.13±0.19)vs(25.67±0.17)ks/m~2, (129.1±1.0)vs(123.8±0.6)mm Hg and(80.7±0.7)vs(78.5±O.8)mm Hg respectively(P<0.01). Those for high density lipoprotein and blood glucose were(1.06±0.02)vs(1.12 ±0.18)mmol/L and (5.54±0.08)vs(5.36±0.04.)mmol/L respectively(P<0.05).The levels of cholesterol showed no decline(P>0.05).During follow-up,the level of blood pressure,body mass index,blood glucose and triglyceride in the control group had been reduced(P<0.05);the level of other metabolic indicators did not (P>0.05).(3)The pre-intervention and post-intervention levels of hs-CPR and B-type natriuretic peptide were(1.62±0.12)vs(1.33±0.11)mg/L and(6.76 ±0.10)vs(5.88±0.17)ng/L respectively. Compared with the control group,there were statistical differences(P<0.01).The proportions of positive lesions of carotid artery ultrasound type B, ocular fondus disease and cardiac ultrasound in intervention group were 3.81%,5.71%,2.85%vs 12.56%,13.66%,10.92%in control group(P<0.01).The proportions of positive incidences of ECG ST-T changes.treadmill exercise test and coronary CT in intervention group was 5.23%,0.92%,0 vs 12.02%,4.91%,2.73% in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Programmed hypemricemic intervention can improve the lifestyles of patients and optimize their metabolic parameters and cardiovascular lesions.These measures are of great importance in the prevention and treatment of sub-clinical cardiovascular morbid change.

Objective To investigate the association between serum uric acid (UA) and early kidney damage and the prevalence of early kidney damage [89≥GFR≥60 ml·min~(-1)·(1.73m~2)~(-1)]in the middle-aged and elders with normal serum creatinine.Methods A survey of cardiovascular risk factors,including serum UA and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) [according to MDRD (modification of diet in renal disease) equation ],was carried out in a local general population of Chendu. A total of 1023 subjects with normal serum creatinine [mean age:(63±6)years；male:female=52.7％:47.3％] were recruited by random sampling method.The subjects were divided into 4 groups (A,B,C,D)according to the quartiles of serum UA levels(A:UA<282μmol/L,B:282 μmol/L≤UA<33lμmol/L,C:331μmol/L≤UA<379μmol/L,D:UA≥379μmol/L).Results In the group,the prevalence of early kidney damage was 28.1％(men:35.8％>women:19.5％,P<0.01).In men and women,serum UA and mild kidney dysfunction were negatively correlated,and the prevalence of early kidney damage significantly increased with the elevated level of serum UA. The prevalence of early kidney damage was higher in men than women(P<0.01).According to the logistic regression analysis adjusting for age,gender,waist,body mass index,triglyceride,HDL-C,total cholesterol,history of hypertension and diabetes type 2,the odds ratio of the prevalence of early kidney damage were 1.0[B:1.740(P=0.151),C:3.599(P=0.01)and D:5.488(P<0.01)respectively].Conclusion In the middle-aged and elders with normal serum creatinine,serum UA and eGFR are negatively correlated.And serum UA level is independently associated with early kidney damage.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (UA) level and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) snbjects.Methods A total of 2174 T2DM individuals(1228 males,946 females)were investigated.The case history,physical examination and biochemical tests were conducted.And LEAD was diagnosed by high-resolution ultrasound. Results In women,the serum UA Ievels with LEAD was significanfly higher than that without LEAD[(304±76)μmol/L vs (287+71)μmol/L,P<0.01],but not in men[(332±76)μmol/L vs(328±77)μmol/L,P=0.45].The subjects were divided into 4 groups(groups A,B,C,D)according to sex-specific quartiles of serum UA levels(<240μmol/L,240-284 μmol/L,285-340 μmol/L and≥341 μmol/L in women and <275 μmol/L,275-322 μmol/L,323-377 μmol/L and≥378μmol/L in men).In women,the prevalence of LEAD of 4 groups were 38.56%,44.02%,47.54% and 50.00% respectively(P<0.01).And the prevalence of LEAD in groups C and D was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).But in men there was no significant difference between 4 groups.After adjusting for age.duration of diabetes mellitus,smoking status,systolic blood pressure,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride and C reactive protein,the serum UA levels in women was an independent risk factor associated with the prevalence of LEAD.And the odds ratios(95% CI)of sex-specific quarfiles of serum UA were 1.0,1.25(0.87 to 1.81).1.44(1.01 to 2.08)and 1.59(1.10 to 2.30)respectively.Conclusion The increase of serum UA levels is associated with LEAD in women, in addition to age,duration of diabetes mellitus,smoking status,systolic blood pressure,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride and C reactive protein. serum UA levels is an independent risk factor of LEAD in women diabetics.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and application value of circular stapler in extraperitoneal colostomy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made to 22 cases that experienced extraperitoneal colostomy with circular stapler from Match 2008 to March 2009 in the department of colon and anal surgery of the first hospital of Jilin University.Results The length of surgery was(15±5)min when circular stapler- assisted extraperitoneal colostomy was used.and all of the colostomies were successfully completed during the first procedure.No complications occurred after surgery,such as stoma bleeding,necrosis, infection,retraction, stenosis,intestinal obstruction and hernia beside the stoma etc.Colostomy size of the uniform.beautiful shape formation.Although there were three cases requiring hemostasis due to anastomotic bleeding that occurred during the operation.About 3 months later.staples of the stoma fell off by themselves.All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months after operation,form and function of colostomy are well.Conclusion The popularization of the application of circular stapler in extraperitoneal colostomy is important and worthwhile for its obvious advantages such as simple operation,good stoma appearance and reduced complications.

Objective To measure the normal values of a new type of posturograph using inclinometer technique.Methods A total of 98 normal persons,including 48 males and 50 females,aged 20-59.were measured.The messages of postural average sway angular velocity and the angle of deflection were recorded by an inclined sensor fixed at the waist, Four tests were conducted in opening and closing eyes respectively:standing upright,walking forward,walking forward and backward repeatedly and walking at original site.The subjects were grouped by age and gender.Group A,aged 20-39,had 54 persons.Group B,aged 40-59,had 44 persons.The statistical significance was analyzed by T test.Results The swaying extent in closing eyes was wider than that in opening eyes.The average sway angular velocities(degree/S, positive value:right and forward,negative value:left and backward) of male patients in the four tests in opening and closing eyes respectively were: 0.99,-0.35,0.03,0.02,1.08,-0.36,0.10,0.02.Those of female patients were respectively:1.04,-0.36,-0.01,0.01,1.22,-0.37,0.04,0.06.And those of patients in group A and B were respectively:1.01,0.41,-0.01,-0.01,1.10,0.26,-0.03,0.03 and 1.02,-0.76,0.03,0.04,1.20,-0.99,0.17,0.05.There was no statistical significance grouped by ageand gender Conclusion The normal reference values are provided here.There is no ditierence between males and females.It may be applicable in all subjects of 20-59 yr,This instrument can quantify the results of walking test so as to evaluate the halance function of vestibo-spinal system more accurately.

Objective To observe the expression of antibodies of cytokeratin 19 and 20 in lymph node micrometastasis in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(EHCC),evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node (LN) mierometastasis and study the correlation between lymph node micrometastasis and clinicopathological features,CA19-9 and CEA.Methods A total of 279 lymph nodes was intra-operatively collected from 59 EHCC patients and routine histological examination performed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on all samples by the murine antibodies of anti-CK19 and anti-CK20 respectively.Then the micrometastasis was identified microscopically according to the color of cells.The results were analyzed according to clinical,pathological and follow-up data.And the relation of micrometastasis with clinical pathological factors and its impact upon survival rate were analyzed.Results Among 59 EHCC patients,14(23.72%)LN metastasis were found with HE staining and 21 micrometastases with CK staining.The incidence of nodal involvement in 59 EHCC patients increased from 5.37%(15/279)by HE staining to 13.98%(39/279)by CK staining.Among 45 patients not positive for LN metastases with HE staining, CK staining was positive in 7 patients and the incidence of micrometastasis was 15.56%.The preoperative serum CA19-9 levels in patients with LN micrometastasis was higher than that those without LN metastasis(P<0.05).And there was a positive correlation between occult nodal micrometastasis and serum concentrations of CA19-9(r_s=0.371,P<0.05).The histological type and lymphatic vessel infihration of tumor were the most importance factors for LN micrometastasis through Logistic regression analysis(P<0.05).Conclusion The CK immunohistochemical staining can detect the micrometastases in HE negative LN.And LN micrometastasis can more accurately predict the prognosis of EHCC patients.

Objective To detect the abnormal differentiation of bone marrow myeloid cells in myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS)and its correlation with the prognosis of MDS patients.Methods Quantitative assessment of CD11b,CD13,CD16 and HLA-DR expression on the membrane of bone marrow grandocytes.and CD71 and glycophorin A on erythroblagts of 12 MDS patients in low-risk,22 in high-risk and 31 normal controls was conducted with flow cytometry.The correlation between the abnormality and the prognosis of MDS eases were analyzed.Results The granulocytic differentiation was analyzed with the combinations of CD13/CD11b.CD13/CD16 and CD11b/CD16.The"right hook","sickle"and"retroflex 7"shape expressions were found in normal controls while there were various changes in MDS groups.The ratios of CD11b-/CD11b+(0.39±0.34)and CD16-/CD16+(1.33 ±0.77)were significantly higher in high-risk MDS group than those of control group(0.07±0.05 and 0.39±0.31 respectively)(P<0.05).The MFI (mean fluorescence index)of SSC(side scatter)in the granulocyte gate of MDS groups was lower while MFl of CD13 was higher. The mean percentages of CD11b-HLA-DR+3.88%±3.07%,CD11b-17.26%and CD13 +CD16-44.51%±21.99% granulocytes of high-risk MDS group were significantly higher than those of low-risk and control groups(P<0.05).The erythroid cell lineage differentiation Was analyzed with CD71/glycophorin A combination.Doable positive expression was found in all controls.but asynchronous expression of CD71/glycophorin A was found in some MDS eases.The mean percentage of double positive cells in CD45-and glycophorin A+cell population was significantly lower in low-risk and high-risk MDS groups.The abnormal numbers and patterns of the antigen expression of MDS cases per case correlated directly with their lPSS(international prognostic scoring system)(r=0.690,P=0.000)and WPSS(WHO adapted prognostic scoring system)(r=0.651,P=0.000)scores.Conclusion There is an abnormal expression of difierentiation antigens on bone marrow myeloied cells of MDS patients.And the severity is correlated with the prognosis.The abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells is probably involved in the pathogenesis of MDS.So the examination of these antigenic expressions with flow cytometry might be helpful for diagnosis and prognosis of MDS.

Objective To identify the novel genetic determinants in patients with congenital heart disease(CHD).Methods The clinical data and peripheral venous blood samples from 120 unrelated individuals with idiopathic CHD were collected and evaluated compared to 100 unrelated healthy controls.The complete coding exons and the partial flanking introns of GATA4 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by di-deoxynucleotide chain termination.The generated sequences were aligned with those retrieyed from GenBank with the aid of programme BLAST to identify the sequence variations.The software Clustal W was utilized to analyze the conservation of altered amino acids.Results Three novel heterozygous missense CATA4 mutations were identified in 3 of 120 CHD cases. Namely,the triplet substitutions of AGA for AGC at codon 90,GAG for GAC at codon 95,and AAT for AAG at codon 329,predicting the conversions of serine into arginine at amino acid residue 90(S90R),aspartic acid into glutamic acid at amino acid residue 95(D95E)and lysine into agparagine at amino acid residue 329 (K329N), were detected.None of these three mutations were probed in 100 controls.A cross-species alignment of GATA4 encoded protein sequences displayed that the lysine at amino acid residue 329 was completely conserved evolutionarily.Additionally.a single nucleotide polymorphism c.99G>T was observed.However.the polymorphic frequency distribution in CHD patients was not statistically different from that in controls (for genotypes,χ~2=0.2640,P=0.6074;for alleles,χ~2=0.2514,P=0.6161). Conclusion The idiopathic CHD has a marked heterogeneity and the mutated GATA4.A4 gene may be responsible for CHD in a subset of patients.

Objective To study the expression changes of mitoehondrial (mt) DNA encoding ATP6,8 of hepatocytes in rat liver transplantation with cold preservation-reperfusion and explore the relationship between the expression of F_0F_1-ATPase induced by changes of ATP 6,8 genes.Methods Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed in Wistar rats using the cuff technique as described by Kamada with modifications.Rats were randomly divided into four groups:group A (30 min cold preservation),group B(6 h cold preservation),group C(12 h cold preservation)and group D(sham operation).Samples were collected at 12 h,24 h and on Day 3,5 and 7 post-operation.The levels of mtDNA encoding ATPase 6. ATPase 8 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR The expression changes of F_0F_1-ATPase protein were examined by Western blot.The ATP level of liver was observed in each group.Results The expression of ATPase 6,ATPase8 mRNA,F_0F_1-ATPase protein expression(ng/mg protein)and the level of ATP decreased(U/L)in groups A,B and C at 12 h post-operation.The lowest was in group C(0.81±0.08, 0.7l±0.07,0.47 ±0.07,0.44±0.05)when compared with groups A(1.11±0.04,1.07±0.07,0.86±0.15,0.70±0.11)and B(1.02±0.07,0.90±0.10,0.65±0.07,0.55±0.08)(P<0.05).The expression of ATPase 6 ATPase 8 mRNA increased after 24 h in groups A,B and C.The changes of F_0F_1-ATPase protein expression and ATP level were consistent with the expression of ATPase 6.ATPase 8 mRNA.Both ATPase 6 mRNA,ATPase 8 mRNA and F_0F_1-ATPase protein in group C increased slowly compared with groups A and B after 24 h,The mtDNA encoding ATPase 6.ATPase 8 changes of hepatocytes in rats liver transplantation with cold preservation-reperfusion suggested that mitochondrial function disorders are related to the changes of mitochondfial DNA encoding ATPase6.ATPase8.mtDNA encoding ATPase 6, ATPase 8 genes of hepatocytes decreased significantly and F_0F_1-ATPase protein expression decreased remarkably and resulted in the decrease of ATP levels.The energy deficiency led to liver injury during cold preservation-reperfusion in rats liver transplantation.The injury of liver was more obvious with the prolongation of cold preservation period.Conclusion The abnormal expressions of mtDNA ATPase 6.ATPase 8 genes are important causes of the changes of F_0F_1-ATPase protein expression resulting in a disorder of mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Objective To elucidate the effect of proliferation and apoptosis induced by vitexicarpin in mutated p53 Hs578T cell line and study the expression of c-Myc,p2l and Bcl-2 protein in Hs578T and Wild p53 MCF-7 cell pre-treated with vitexicarpin.Methods Cells were treated with various concentrations of vitexicarpin(0,0.1,0.2,0.5,1.0μmol/L).MTT assays were used to detect cell proliferation at different time points with difierent doses of vitexicarpin.TUNEL assays were Perforned to examine apoptosis in cells pretreated with vitexicarpin.The authors detected three main proteins involved in apoptosis:c-Myc, bcl-2 and p2l protein in various concentrations of vitexicarpin-treated cells.To understand the function of c-Myc protein in the effect of vitexicarpin.the authors transiently transfected c-Myc protein in Hs578T cell and detected the cellular effect of vitexicarpin.Results Proliferation of Hs578T and MCF-7 cells were inhibited markedly by vitexicarpin at concentrations above 0.2μpmol/L (IC50=0.25 μmol/L and 0.53μmol/L at 72 h respectively).TUNEI,assays revealed that the rates of TUNEL positive cells were 10.15%.27.33% and 35.34% when exposing Hs578T cells to 0.1.0.2 and 0.5μmol/L of vitexicarpin respectively.In control cells.the rates of TUNEL positive cells were 4.65%.Cells pretreated with higher concentrations of vitexicarpin expressed less c-Myc and Bcl-2 in Hs578T cells.In contrast.p2l decreased when cells were treated with the same conditions.When c-Myc transient transfection was performed in vitexicarpin-treated cells,the effect of p21 and Bcl-2 disappeared.The proliferative function of vitexicarpin declined in Hs578T/c-Myc cells.When treated with 0.5 μmol/L vitexicarpin,A value increased 1.53 times at 72 h. Conversely,A value decreased 48% at the same condition in MCF-7/c-Myc cells.Conclusion The suppressing mechanism of vitexicarpin for malignant tunlors is through c-Myc in p53 mutated Hs578T cells. And it is multi-directional and varies in difierent cells.

Objective To study the expressions of interleukin-15(IL-15),osteopontin(OPN), granzyme B(GraB)and perforin (PFP) mRNA in early stage of acute rejection (AR) of renal allograft in rats.Methods The rat renal transplantation model was established.Male Brown Norway and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients.Four groups were designated:CsA group(BN→LEW,n=10, recipients were treated with CsA i.P.):AB group(BN→LEW,n=10,recipients were treated with anti-IL-15 neutralizing antibody i.P.):AR group(BN→LEW,n=10,recipients were treated with normal saline i.P.)and control group(LEW→LEW,n=6,recipients were treated with normal saline i.P.).The blood samples of recipients were drawn at Days l,3,5 and 7 post-transplantation.The serum expressions ot IL-15.OPN,PFP and GraB mRNA of recipients were detected by real-time PCR.AIIograft tissues were analyzed by pathological assays.Results In comparison with other groups,the expressions of OPN,IL-15, PFP and GraB mRNA in AR group were gradually up.regulated and peaked at Day 5.The expressions of IL-l5 mRNA in CsA and AB groups were 9685±1440 and 4346±741 respectively at Day 5 post-operation. It was significantly lower than that in AR group(17 022±2153,P<0.01).The expression of IL-15 mRNA in AB group was signiflcantly lower than that in CsA group(P<0.01).The expressions of OPN mRNA in CsA and AB groups(13 226±1565 vs 19 112 ±2908)were both significantly lower than that in AR group (24 663±2449.P<0.01).But the expression of OPN mRNA in AB group was higher than that in CsA group(P<0.01).At Day 5 post-transplantation,both the expressions of PFP and GraB mRNA in AB and CsA groups was lower than that in AR group(P<0.01).The pathological results showed that severe AR occurred at Day 7 post-transplantation in AR group and whereas the extent of rejection sign relieved in AB group.Conclusion In early stage of AR of renal allograft in rats,the expressions of OPN,IL-15,PFP and GraB mRNA are up-regulated.Blocking IL-15/IL-15R pathway in early stage of AR can down-regulate the expressions of PFP and GraB mRNA.

Objective To investigate the effects of CO_2 insufflation with different pressures upon the injury.proliferation and secretion of peritoneal mesothelial cells and the possible effects of gastric cancer cells adhefing to mesothelial cells.Methods Primary cultured peritoneal mesothelial cells were divided into CO_2 and control group.In CO_2 group,the cells were exposed to CO_2 at different pressures(10,12 and 15 mm Hg).And then the cellular injury was detected by LDH assay.the proliferation quantified by MTT assay and the secretion measured by ELISA.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the adherent rate between gastric cancer cells and mesothelial cells.Results The LDH assay showed that 10 and 12 am Hg subgroups were not significantly different from that in the control group (P>0.05) whereas the 15 mm Hg subgroup was higher than the control group(122.79±4.28 vs 100.89 ±1.22,P<0.05).MTT assay indicated that 10 and 12 nun Hg subgroups were similar to that of the control group (P>0.05).However the 15 mm Hg subgroup decreased to 1.08±0.05 at 72 h post-experiment.But the same finding was not observed during first 48 h.The concentration of IL-6 in each group increased as compared with the control group(1.21 ±0.05,P<0.05).Moreover this tendency was persistent only in the 15 mm Hg subgroup(P<0.05).The results of flow cytometry showed that the adherent rate between gastric cancer cells and mesothelial cells in each CO_2 group were similar to the control group(all P>0.05).Conclusion Pressures of CO_2 at 10 and 12 mm Hg have no effect upon the injury and proliferation of peritoneal mesothelial cells.When pressure rises to 15 mm Hg,the cellular injury becomes apparent and the proliferation is inhibited.The CO_2 environment up-regulates the level of IL-6.It may benefit to the local immune reaction of peritoneum.The CO_2 pneumoperitoneum does not promote the adhesion of gastric cancer cells to mesothelial cells.

Objective To characterize the effect of Prunella vulgaris upon lymphoma cells and its possible mechanisms.Methods Raji cells were subjected to different therapeutic schemes:Prunella vulgaris(50 g/L)group,P.vulgaris(50 g/L)+SP600125(20 μmol/L,JNK inhibitor)(SP600125 group):Raji cells in physiological saline served as the control.MTT assay was used to measure the cellular proliferation.Phosphorylation of JNK,c-Jun and the expressions of Caspase-3 were determined by Western blot.Cell apoptosis was analyzed by FCM.Results The proliferation rate of cells in the P.vulgaris group (67.32±1.96)% was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05).The phosphorylation of JNK(0.48±0.03)and the phosphorylation of c-Jun(0.46±0.04)significantly increased in the P. vulgafis group(P<0.05)and SP600125 inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun(0.43±0.01).The expression of Caspase-3 in the P.vulgaris group (1.35±0.07) was higher than that in the other groups.And such an effect could be blocked by SP600125(0.79±0.06) (P<0.05).The rate of cellular apoptosis was the highest in the P.vulgaris group(25.32±5.27)% (P<0.05).Conclusion P.vulgaris shows a strong inhibitory effect upon the growth of lymphoma cell line Raji probably through the activation of JNK pathway and caspase channel and then apoptosis.

Tissue engineering is a technique that uses seed cells, scaffolds and cytokines to regenerate tissues. Scaffolds act as a template for cell growth, stimulate cell proliferation and infiltration, support the formation of new tissues and control the structure of tissues, which is one of the keys to the success or failure of tissue construction. Existing scaffolds mainly include the following three types: natural polymer materials such as collagen and chitin, synthetic polymer materials such as polyurethane and polylactic acid, inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite and bioglass.

Blood uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism. Endogenous and exogenous purines are degraded by uricase in the liver to produce allantoin, which is excreted by the kidney with urine. When nucleic acid metabolism is abnormal in the body and/or renal excretion is decreased, blood uric acid level increases.

Obstructive jaundice is a common symptom in patients with pancreatic head cancer, and there has been a long time of controversy about whether biliary drainage should be performed to reduce yellowness before surgery in this type of patients. At present, the results of a multicenter, randomized controlled study sponsored by the Dutch Health Research and Development Organization to investigate the effect of biliary drainage to reduce yellowness before surgery on postoperative complications and survival rate of patients with pancreatic head cancer with obstructive jaundice has been published in the New England Journal (NEngl J Med, 2010, 362: 129-137).

The 2010 Joint Meeting of Standing council and Chairman of janssen research council (JRC) was held in Beijing on January 24, 2010, and the 11th JRC Foundation was launched in Beijing. Xiao Ziren, Executive Director of jansssen research council China (JRCC) and former Vice President of Chinese Medical Association, attended and presided over the meeting.

A 45-year-old male was admitted to hospital on May 14, 2009 due to "recurrent right upper abdominal pain for 3 months with skin yellowing for 1 week". The effect of anti-inflammatory support and symptomatic treatment in other hospitals was not good, and he had a history of hemophilia A (FVIII deficiency) for 30 years.

The "2009 Chuangpu Healthy Andrology Forum" jointly organized by the Department of Urology of Chinese Medical Physicians Association, the Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital and the Department of Urology and Andrology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital was held in Beijing International Convention Center on November 21-22, 2009. Nearly 600 colleagues from the Department of Urology and Andrology from all over the country attended the meeting. The forum won unanimous praise from the participants and representatives, and aroused widespread concern from all aspects of society.