Volume 88  ·   Issue 40  ·  2008

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) caused by Graves disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune mechanisms (hypothyroidism). Subclinical thyroid dysfunction (SCTD) refers to abnormal serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and normal levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3).

melamine, which was originally used as a chemical raw material, is not familiar to the public. Recently, because it is rich in nitrogen element, it has been illegally mixed into milk powder and other foods, resulting in serious public health incidents, causing a series of medical and social problems. It has become the focus of public and media attention for a while, causing some social panic. Therefore, it is very important to know the characteristics of melamine scientifically and its harm to human body, and to treat the medical problems caused by it rationally.

Objective To investigate the distribution of granulocyte during thyrotoxicosis and the relation of granulopenia and the gathering of circulating granulocytes into the marginal pool. Methods Forty-five rabbits were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: epinephrine group fed with levo-tyroxin (LT4) for 14 days, injected subcutaneously with epinephrine 0.07 mg/kg, and undergoing collection of peripheral blood samples for white blood cell and granulocyte counts, free blood triiodothyroxine (FT3) and free blood thyroxine (FT4), electrocardiography, and body weight measurement; labeled group fed with LT4 for 14 days, injected subcutaneously with 131Ⅰ-labeled anti-human granulocyte monoclonal antibody, and killed 6 hours later to calculate the ratio of radioactivity of heart, liver, spleen, and muscle tissues to blood (CPM/ g), and control group, not fed with L-T4 but injected with 131Ⅰ-labeled anti-human granulocyte monoclonal antibody on the day 14, and killed 6 hours later to calculate the ratio of radioactivity of tissues to blood. Results After 14-day feeding of L-T4, the heart rates of the epinephrine and labeled groups were significantly higher than those before injection, and the FT3 and FT4 levels were significantly increased;the venous WBC and granulocyte counts were significantly reduced. But the granulocyte count of 13 of the 15 rabbits in the epinephrine group increased 20 minutes after the injection of epinephrine, even becoming 2-4.8 times as high as those before the injection in 7 rabbits. The heart, liver, spleen, and muscle tissues to blood CPM/g ratios of the labeled group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (all P< 0.01). Conclusion During thyrotoxicosis the circulating granulocytes are reduced and the distribution of circulating granulocytes is abnormal with a gathering phenomenon of the granulocytes into the marginal pool.

Objective To construct RNAi recombinant adenoviral expressive vectors specific to glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and to observe its gene knockdown effect on the expression of GSK-3β, and to explore the effect of Wnt/β-catenin pathway on the proliferation of human thyrocytes using the RNAi adenovirus vector. Methods An adenovirus plasmid that contained the RNAi cassette targeting the GSK-3β gene was constructed by homologous recombination and cloning techniques, transfected into human embryo kidney (HEK) 293A cells to product adenovirus, and then was used to infect the HEK293A cells to amplify the adenoviral stock. Plaque forming assay was used to titer the adenoviral stock . Normal human thyrocytes fart from thyroid adenoma were obtained during resection of adenoma, cultured, and infected by the GSK-3β specific RNAi adenovirus. The GSK-3β gene silencing effect induced by the RNAi adenovirus was detected by Western blotting 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 144 hours later. BrdU method was used to detect the cell proliferation. Another HEK293A cells were divided into 3 groups: infected with recombinant adenovirus plasmid Ad-1457, infected with un-recombinant framework plasmid pAd-DEST, and un-infected. 72 hours later Western blotting was used to examine the level of β-catenin. Results The GSK-3β expression of the thyrocytes infected with the recombinant adenovirus plasmid Ad-1457 were significantly lower than those of the thyrocytes infected with Ad-DEST (all P <0.05). The expression of β-catenin of the thyrocytes infected with Ad-DEST was significantly higher than those of the Ad-DEST group and un-infected group (both P<0.05). BrdU assay suggested that the proliferation rates 1,3, 5, and 7 days after infection of the thyrocytes infected with Ad1457 plasmid were significantly higher than those of the thyrocytes infected with the plasmid pAd-DEST (all P<0.05). Conclusion RNAi adenovirus is an important tool inhibiting the expression of target gene efficiently. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation of human thyrocytes.

Objective To investigate the IL-18 expression in the thyroid tissues of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and its cellular localization and the effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) on the interleukin- (IL)-18 expression in thyrocytes. Methods RT-PCR and immunohistoehemistry were used to detect the IL-18 expression and its cellular localization in the thyroid tissues biopsy specimens of 6 HT patients with normal thyroid function, 6 normal thyroid specimens resected from patients with pharyngeal carcinoma, and 16 specimens of thyroid tissues adjacent to the thyroid adenoma obtained during operation. Thyrocytes were isolated, cultured, and exposed to IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), or IFN-γ for 48 h. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the IL-18 expression. Results IL-18 mRNA expression was at an extremely low levels in the normal thyroid tissues and at a significantly higher level in the thyroid tissues of HT. Immunohistoehemical staining showed that IL-18 expression was augmented in the thyroid tissues of HT and was mainly localized in the thyroid follicular cells. The IL-18 mRNA expression in the isolated human thyrocytes was dose-dependently elevated by IFN-γ rather than TNF-α or IL-1β. Western blotting showed that pro-IL-18, but not mature IL-18, was detected in the lysates of the cultured human thyrocytes and the expression of pro-IL-18 was increased by IFN-γ. Conclusion IL-18 expression is elevated in the thyroid follicular cells of HT. IL-18 is constitutively expressed in the isolated human thyrocytes and its expression is up-regulated by IFN-γ. Therefore, interplay between IL-18 and IFN-γ may have an important role in the thyrocyte destruction in HT.

Objective To compare the oncologic efficacy of transurethral incision of the ureteral orifice and open excision of bladder cuff in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for patients with upper tract urothelium carcinoma. Methods The hospital records of 86 patients with upper tract urothelium carcinoma who underwent laparescopic nephroureterectomy were reviewed retrospectively. 53 of the 86 patients, 22 males and 31 females, aged (68.6±14.1), underwent transurethral incision of the ureteral orifice(TUIUO), and 33, 14 males and 19 females, aged (72.4±15. 2), underwent open excision of bladder cuff. Electric cauterization of the ureteral orifice was performed prior to resection. Follow-up was conducted for 28 (3-47) months. Results In all the specimens in the TUIUO group scar at the ureter orifice caused by electric excision could be seen. Test to check the pressure of distal ureter in 25 specimens proved that the ureters were all sealed. The distal ureter end began to leak at the water pressure of 135 cm in 1 case, at the water pressure of 167 cm in 1 case, and at 175 cm in 2 cases, but no leaking was seen even at 197 cm H2O in the other cases. Recurrence of bladder tumor was seen in 13 of the 53 patients of the TUIUO group and in 8 of the 33 patients of the open excision of bladder cuff group. Local recurrence developed in one case with the tumor at stage pT4NOM0 8 months after operation. Conclusion Electric cauterization of the ureteral orifice prior to resection effectively ensures the leakproofness of the distal ureter end during LNU. As compared with open excision of bladder cuff, TUIUO does not increase the rate of neoplasm recurrence.

Objective To investigate the regulation of leptin expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cells by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) and the mechanism thereof. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma tissues were collected from 42 patients during operation and samples of corresponding adjacent lung tissue were obtained from 16 of the 42 specimens. The expression levels of HIF-1α and leptin were detected by immunohistochamical staining. Human lung adenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 cells were cultured for 0, 12,24,and 48 h respectively, exposed to hypoxia induced by CoCl2. Other A549 cells were treated with GL331, a kind of HIF-1α inhibitor, of the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, or 20 μmol/L under normoxic condition for 24 h, and then were exposed to hypoxia induced by CoCl2 for 24 h. RT-PCR and Western-blotting were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and leptin in different groups. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of HIF-1α and leptin in the lung adenocarcinoma tissue were 57.1% and 69.0% respectively, both significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal lung tissues(18.8% and 25.0% respectively, both P < 0.01). The protein expression levels of HIF-1α in the hypoxia 0, 12, 24, and 48 h groups were 0. 314±0. 030, 0.552±0. 027, 0. 743± 0.015, and 0. 799±0.010 respectively, and the protein expression levels of leptin were 0.398±0.016, 0.633±0.036, 0.796±0.008, and 0.942±0.088 respectively, increasing in a time dependent manner too. The mRNA expression levels of leptin in the 4 hypoxia groups were 0.144±0.009, 0. 336±0.017, 0.524±0.013, and 0.671±0.021 respectively, increasing in a time dependent manner, however, there was no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α among the groups exposed to hypoxia for different courses of time (all P>0. 05). The protein expression levels of HIF-1α and leptin, and the mRNA expression levels of leptin in the groups exposed to hypoxia for different courses of time were all significantly higher than those of the control (0 h hypoxia) group (all P <0. 01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of leptin in the A549 cells exposed to GL331 and hypoxia were decreased dose-dependently. Conclusion The expression of leptin is up-regulated by hypoxia and regulated by HIF-1α.

Objective To study the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of malignant bladder non-epithelial tumors. Methods The clinical data of 17 cases with malignant bladder non-epithelial tumor, 15 males and 3 females, aged 28 (3～73), were analyzed. Results Ten of the 17 cases were diagnosed as with rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 with malignant lymphoma, and 2 with malignant pheochromocytoma, 2 with leiomyosarcoma, and 1 with carcinosarcoma. All patients underwent operation, or were treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Among the 10 cases with rhabdomyosarcoma, 7 were aged under 5, 5 of them survived for more than 8 years, and 2 were lost to follow-up; other 3 adult patients died in one year with metastasis all over the body. Two patients with malignant lymphoma underwent partial cysteetomy and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and survived for more than 3 years. Of the 2 cases with malignant pheochromocytoma, one underwent lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy and survived for more than 5 years; and another case died 2 years after operation and chemotherapy. Two patients with leiomyosarcoma underwent simple resection, one survived for more than 5 years; and another survived 1 year after operation. One case with carcinosarcoma receiving operation followed by chemotherapy died in one year. Conclusion Malignant bladder non-epithelial tumors are rare clinically and most of them occur in children. Most of them are rhabdomyosarcoma. The prognosis of malignant bladder non-epithelial tumors, different in pathological types, is relatively worse in adults.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in living related donor kidney transplantation. Methods 117 patients with different nephropathies underwent transplantation of kidneys donated by their cal]ateral relative in three generations. All donor kidneys were removed by open nephrectomy. Immunosuppressive protocols which consisting of cyclosporine A/tacrolimus, mycofenolate mofetil/azathioprone/rapamycin, and steroid were used in all patients as immunosuppressors. Follow-up was conducted for 1-44 months. Results Delayed graft function recovery occurred in 2 patients. Acute rejection episodes occurred in 18 patients, and the condition was reversed by high intravenous dose of methyl-prednisolone or polyclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. Follow-up showed that all the patients survived with normal kidney function, and the donors kept good kidney function with normal life quality. Hypertension was found in 2 donors and diabetes mellitus was found in 1 donor. Conclusion Careful evaluation of hath psychological and physical status of the donors and optimal physical status of recipients before operation are critical for successful kidney transplantation. Injury of graft kidney should be reduced and recipients should be treated with sufficient immunosuppressive regimen in early stage after transplantation.

Objective To explore the role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/CPPS). Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 45 CAP/CPPS patients and 18 healthy age-matched male persons. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. The percentages of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells were detected by flow cytometry. PCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of Foxp3, a transcription factor expressed in the CD4+ CD25+ cells. ELISA was used to examine the plasma level of tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1. Results There were no significant differences in the percentages of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD25highT cells between the CAP/CPPS patients and normal control group(both P>0.05). The Foxp3 mRNA in the PBMCs of the CAP/CPPS ⅢA and CAP/CPPS ⅢB patients were (0.69±0. 23) and (0.44±0.18) respectively, both significantly lower than that of the control group [(1.37±0.19), P < 0.05]. The serum TGF-β1 levels of the CAP/CPPS ⅢA and CAP/ CPPS ⅢB patients were (18. 09±10. 45) pg/ml and (14.06±6.22) pg/ml respectively, both significantly lower than that of the control group [(27.01±13.29) pg/ml, both P < 0.05]. Conclusion Not the number of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells, but its defective function participates in the pathogenesis of CAP/CPPS. The Foxp3 gene and TGF-β1 play important roles in the process of pathogenesis of CAP/CPPS too.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-21 (mir-21) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and its association with phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome (PTEN)-I0 protein expression and the clinicopathologic features of IDC. Methods Specimens of IDC and normal tissues more than 5 cm away from the tumor tissues were collected from 40 IDC patients, all female, aged 53 (35 -77). Stem-loop real-time RT-PCR was used to examine the mir-21 expression. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the PTEN protein expression in the tumor tissue. The association of mir-21 expression with the PTEN expression and the clinicopathologic features of the breast IDC were analyzed. Results Compared with the nontumor control samples, the median (M) of relative expression of mir-21 (2-△△Ct) was 5. 770 (25th-75th percentile, 3. 605-7. 255) in the tumor samples, significantly higher than that of the nontumor control samples (set at 1. 000, P < 0. 001). Reduced PTEN protein expression was seen in 45% (18/22) of all cases. The expression of mir-21 was higher in the group of reduced PTEN expression (with an M of 6.800) than in the group of high PTEN expression (with an M of 4. 850, P =0. 013). The up-ragulated expression of mir-21 was positively correlated with the TNM clinical stage, lymph node positivity, and proliferation index (P = 0. 021, 0. 010, and 0. 030 respectively). Conclusion mir-21 plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. PTEN is possibly one of the targets of mir-21.

Objective To evaluate prospectively the efficacy and clinical significance of ultrasonography(US), multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in assessment of the TNM staging and resectibility of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Consecutive 68 patients with pancreatic carcinoma underwent US, MSCT, MRI, and EUS to assess their efficacies in assessment of the size of carcinoma, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. The results of theses imaging techniques were compared with the surgical and pathological findings. Results EUS was the most precise technique in evaluating the T staging of pancreatic carcinoma with the coefficients of regression of maximum and minimum radiuses of 1. 025 (P=0.043) and 0.987 (P < 0. 0001). In the assessment of lymph node metastasis, EUS had the highest sensitivity (75.0%), accuracy (87.5%), and negative predictive values (91. 7%). Univariate logistic regression showed that EUS was significantly correlated with the surgical findings(OR:33.00, 95% CI: 7.18-151.77 P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that EUS had an independent predictive value (OR: 34.50,95% CI:6.54- 182.09, P<0.0001). MSCT had the highest sensibility (88.9%)in the assessment of distant metastasis and had the highest accuracy (61.8%) in preoperative TNM staging of pancreatic carcinoma. All 4 imaging techniques were correlated with surgical findings in assessment of the resectibility. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that none of the imaging techniques had independent predictive value. Conclusion MSCT is the best method in preoperative TNM staging of pancreatic carcinoma. EUS is the best methods in the assessment of tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Preoperative assessment of pancreatic carcinoma needs combination of at least two kinds of imaging techniques.

Objective To investigate the effects of green tea extract (GTE) and its major component (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the human papillomavirns (HPV) type 16 oncoproteins (E6 and E7)-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human cervical carcinoma cells. Methods Human cervical carcinoma cells of the line C-33A were divided to 4 groups to be transiently transfected with the plasmid HA-pSG5-HPV-16E6 containing the HPV type 16 oncoprotein E6, HA-pSGS-HPV-16 E7, or empty plasmid HA-pSG5, or just exposed to the tranfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 as mock transfection control group. Western blotting and ELISA were used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1α and the protein expression of VEGF 18, 24, and 48 h after the transfection. Twenty-four hours after the transfection, the transfected-cells were treated with GTE (40 μg/ml) or EGCG (50 μmol/L) for 8, 16, and 24 h respectively, or treated with GTE of the concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml or EC, CG of the concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μmoL/L respectively for 16 h. The HIF-1α and VEGF protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting and ELISA respectively and the HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA levels were determined with real-time PCR. Results Twenty-four hours after transfeetion, the HIF-1α protein expression of the 16E6 and 16E7 groups were significantly decreased, and the VEGF protein levels of the 16E6 and 16E7 groups were (870± 66) and (1487±51) pg/ml respectively, both significantly higher than that of the empty plasmid group [(366±65) pg/ml, both P<0.01]. Treated by 40 μg/ml of GTE or 50 μmol/L of EGCG for 16 h, ①the HIF-1α protein levels of the 16E6 and 16E7 groups were significantly decreased;②the VEGF protein levels of the 16E6 group were (476±34) and (477±65) pg/ml respectively, and the VEGF mRNA levels of the 16E6 group were 1. 208±0.196 and 1. 174±0.208 respectively, all significantly lower than those of the untreated group [(870±66) pg/ml and 1. 805±0.081 respectively, all P<0.01]; and ③the VEGF protein levels of the 16E7 group were (649±55) and (514±37) pg/ml respectively, and the VEGF mRNA levels of the 16E7 group were 1. 442±0. 136 and 1. 399±0. 064 respectively, all significantly lower than those of untreated group[(1487±51) pg/ml and 2.123±0.120 respectively, all P<0.01]. The 80 μg/ml of GTE or 100 μmoL/L of EGCG showed much stronger effects on the inhibition of VEGF protein expression than 40 μg/ml of GTE or 50 μmol/L of EGCG (both P<0.01). Conclusion GTE and EC, CG can remarkably inhibit the HPV-16 oneoproteins-induced expression of HIF-1α protein, and VEGF protein and mRNA in human cervical carcinoma calls. Moreover, GTE and EGCG decrease the VEGF protein expression dose-dependently.

Objective To investigate the activation level of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in liver injury caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the protective role of melatonin against liver injury. Methods Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: SAP group undergoing injection of sodium taurocholate to establish SAP models, melatonin (Mel) treatment group undergoing intraperitoneal injection 50 mg/kg 30 minutes before the establishment of SAP models, and sham operation group (Sham group). 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the onset of operation, blood samples were collected from the inferior vena easa of 8 rats from each group to measure the serum level of amylase (AMY) and alanine transaminase (ALT) by iodine colorimetry, and to detect the serum level of tumor necrosis faetor-α (TNF-α) by ELISA. The livers were taken out to undergo pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the percentage of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the hepatocytes. Terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to determine the extent of hepatic apoptosis. Results The AMY and ALT levels at different time points of the SAP and Mel subgroups were all significantly higher than those of the sham operation subgroups (all P<0.05), and the AMY and ALT levels at different time points of the Mel subgroup were all significantly lower than those of the SAP subgroups (all P < 0.05). The liver NF-κB activation level and hepatocellular apoptosis index of the SAP group increased since the fourth hour after the operation, and peaked at the time point of 24 hour, all significantly higher than those of the sham operation group (all P < 0. 05), and then declined. The TNF-α level at the time points of 12, 24, and 48 h in the SAP group were all significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (all P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, AMY, and ALT, the activity of NF-κB, and the extent of hepatocellular apoptosis at any time points of the Mel group were all significantly lower than those of the SAP group, but significantly higher than those of the sham operation group. Microscopy showed that the liver pathological damages of the Mel group were milder than those of the SAP group. Conclusion SAP with liver injury is associated with the hepatic NF-κB activation leading to the production of NF-κB dependent cytokines and chemokiues such as TNF-α. Melatonin reduces the apoptosis and necrosis in liver by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of TNF-α.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of potassium channel in brain edema caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Methods Astrecytes were obtained from 3-day-old SD rats, cultured, and randomly divided into 2 groups: normoxia group, cultured under normoxic condition, and hypoxic-ischemic group, cultured under hypoxic-ischemic condition. The cell volume was measured by radiologic method. Patch-clamp technique was used to observe the electric physiological properties of the voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) in a whole cell configuration, and the change of voltage-gated potassium channel current (IKv) was recorded in cultured neonatal rat astrocyte during HI. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression vector was constructed from pSUPER vector and transfected into the astrocytes (AQP4 RNAi) to construct AQP4 knockdown (AQP4-/-) cells, cellular volume was determined using [3H]-3-O-methyld-D-glucose uptake in both AQP4-/- and AQP4+/+ cells under the condition of HI. Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of AQP4. Results The percentages of the AQP4+/+ and AQP4-/- astrocyte volumes in the condition of HI for 0. 5, 1,2, and 4 h were 104±7, 109±6, 126±12, and 152±9 times, and 97±7, 105±9, 109±7, and 132±6 times as those of their corresponding control groups (all P < 0. 05), thus showing that the cellular volume of both AQP4+/+ and AQP4-/- astrocytes significantly increased during HI and the degrees of edema mediated by AQP4 knockdown at different time points were all significantly milder (all P < 0.05). The current density values at the time points 0. 5, 1,2, and 4 h of the HI group were 107±9, 91±10, 76±6, 37±11, respectively, compared to that of the control group of 116±8, showing a tendency of time-dependent decreasing manner (all P < 0. 05). Conclusion During HI, the dowuregnlation of outward potassium (K+) conductance may prevent the emission of interacellularly accumulated K+ ions, thus resulting in osmotically drived water influx into astrocytes via aquaporin-4 and then cell swelling.

Objective To investigate the effects of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 140 gene knockdown on the proliferation of microglioma cells. Methods Mouse microglioma cells of the line BV-2 were cultured and transfected with 2 kinds of recombinant RIP140-shRNA plasmids (V2MM-71674 and V2MM-71080) or blank plasmid MSCV-EGFP. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of RIP140; and the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Results There were not significant differences in the RIP140 mRNA and protein expression between the BV-2 and BV-2-MGCV-EGFP groups. Compared to those of the BV-2 group, the RIP140 mRNA expression levels of the BV-2-71674 and BV-2-71080 groups were lower by 73% and 75% respectively. The protein expression levels of the BV-2-71674 and BV-2-71080 groups were remarkably lower than those of the BV-2 and BV-MSGV-EGFP groups. MTT assay showed that there were not significant differences in the proliferation rates at different time points between the BV-2 and BV-2-MSCV-EGFP groups, however, the proliferation rates at the time points of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of the BV-2-71674 and BV-2-71080 groups were significandy lower than those of the BV-2 group (all P < 0. 01). Conclusion RIP140 gene knockdown effectively inhibits the proliferation of microglioma cells.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that seriously endangers human health. In recent years, the global epidemic situation of tuberculosis has recovered, which has attracted great attention of the international community. The World Health Organization has regarded tuberculosis as one of the most important infectious diseases to be controlled, and declared that the global tuberculosis is in an emergency state. At present, 1.9 billion people have been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the umbrella world, and about 10 million new cases of tuberculosis and about 3 million deaths are added every year, ranking first in all kinds of infectious diseases. Moreover, the phenomenon of tuberculosis multidrug resistance is very serious.

Upper respiratory tract infections are a common disease in children, and many parents go to the pharmacy to buy their own drugs, but there are some potential dangers involved. Recently, Mary E. Rimsza and Susan Newberry published August 2008<An article on the accidental death of infants and young children caused by cough and cold medicine was published in Pediatrics>(Pediatrics, 2008, 122: e318-e322).

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is an authoritative academic organization composed of 21 world-class cancer centers in the United States. Its main task is to provide assistance to medical staff and patients in treatment decision-making. In 1995, NCCN began to formulate comprehensive guidelines for clinical practice of oncology. Over the past 10 years, more than 100 clinical practice guidelines have been formulated, updated and published. Because of its scientific nature and timeliness, it has been generally recognized and respected by Umbrella Clinical Oncology Doctors [1-2].

The Global Wound Healing Congress is the academic conference of the World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS). It is the highest academic conference in the field of Wound treatment and nursing in the World, and represents the highest professional level in the field of Wound in the World. It is held every four years.

Case 1, a 42-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital on October 5, 2005 because of "repeated frequent urination and urgency for more than 20 years, anuria for 3 days". For more than 20 years, she was diagnosed with cystitis in the local hospital because of repeated frequent urination and urgency, and it improved after antibiotic treatment. In the past 5 years, she suffered from urination difficulty and thin urinary line. She was given urethral dilatation three times in the local hospital, and she was transferred to our hospital for treatment because of anuria in the past 3 days. Physical examination showed anemia, general edema, and flat bladder umbilicus.