Volume 88  ·   Issue 35  ·  2008

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity in which one or several segments of the spine curve laterally and are accompanied by vertebral body rotation. Scoliosis is clearly defined by the International Scoliosis Research Society (SBS) [1] adolescentidiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a kind of scoliosis in children over 10 years old until maturity, accounting for 2% ~3% of the adolescent population and 80% of the total incidence of scoliosis. AIS is a complicated three-dimensional deformity occurring in coronal scoliosis, sagittal kyphosis/lordosis and horizontal vertebral body rotation. Due to scoliosis, distortion and thoracic deformation, it directly affects the appearance, cardiopulmonary function and quality of life of patients, seriously endangers the physical and mental health of adolescents, and even affects the social problems of patients, such as employment. Therefore, it is a heavy burden for patients' families and Society.

Objectives To evaluate factors affecting the preoperative pulmonary function in patients with scoliosis. Methods Preoperative pulmonary function texts (PFTs) were performed on 108 patients with spinal deformities, 17 males and 91 females, aged (15.2±5.36) (7-27 ), 70 being with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and 38 with congenital scoliosis (CS). The parameters affecting the preoperative pulmonary function were analyzed. Results The Cobb angle of scoliosis was negatively correlated with vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow between 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity ( FEF25-75 ), maxima mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and maximal ventilatory volume (MVV), and not correlated with minute ventilation (MV) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEVI/FVC%). The impairment of lung functions was more severe in the CS patients than in the IS patients. The degrees of impairment of lung functions in the groups of the Cobb angle ≥90° with the number of vertebrae involved ≥7 , with the age of onset < 10, and of cephalad location of the curve were more severe than those of the groups with different corresponding parameters. Conclusion The deterioration of pulmonary function mainly depends upon the age of onset, Cobb angle, location of the apex vertebra and the number of involved vertebrae.

Objective To investigate the association between calmodulinl (CALMI) gene and estrogen receptor-α (ESRI) polymorphisms and double curve of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 67 double curve AIS patients (30°< Cobb angle < 90°), 60 among with the Cobb angle ≥ 40°, and 100 age-matched controls without AIS. There were According to the apical location of major curve, there were 40 thoracic curve patients. PCR and sequencing were performed to analyze the 4 polymorphic 1oci:rs12885713 (-16C T) and rs5871 locus in CALM1 gene, and rs2234693 (Pvu Ⅱ) and rs9340799 (Xba I) in ESR1 gene. Results There was statistical difference in the pelymorphic distribution of ESR1 gene m2234693 site between the double curve, Cobb angle≥40° or thoracic curve patients and the controls respeetively(x2 = 6.081,5.554, 6.1935;P=0.014, 0.0128,0.0184). Between the double curve eases and the controls there was difference in the polymorphic distribution of rs12885713 site in CALMI gene (X2 =4.478;P=0.034). Between the thoracic curve patients and the controls there was difference in the distribution of rs5871 allele pelymorphism in CALMI gene (X2= 6.6061;P=0.0102). Conclusion Double curve patterns may be related to ESR1 gene rs2234693 (PvuⅡ) site polymorphism.

Clinical data A 50-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department of PLA General Hospital on August 26, 2007 due to fever accompanied by cough and expectoration for 1 week, sudden breathlessness and dyspnea for 1 day. The patient had been given oral prednisone for a long time due to thrombocytopenia (minimum 1×109/L) 35 years ago, and the disease was under stable control. Nine years ago, she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to irregular fever, facial erythema, photosensitivity and thrombocytopenia, and positive antinuclear antibody.

Objective To investigate the relationship of dynamic quantitative changes between insulin and testosterone in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected in the third to fifth day menstrual cycle from 97 PCOS patients, aged (24±6), 47 being obese (with BMI 25 kg/m2) and 50 being non-obese (with BMI≤25 kg/m2), and 27 women with oviductal sterility (control group). The serum testosterone was measured. All the subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the glucose load of 75 g, and the plasma insulin levels 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes later were measured. Curve fitting of 11 kinds of equations was used to estimate the optimization degree of relationship between testosterone and insulin. Results (1) The correlation between testosterone and insulin was the most perfect when the T and insulin levels 120 rain later of the obese and non-obese PCOS patients and the controls were expressed by Compound equation with the Rsq values of 0.84, 0.79, and 0.894 respectively. (2) The Compound function curves corresponding to the data of the 3 groups showed significantly different parameters. Conclusion (1) Compound equation is the opfmfized equation to express the quantitative change relationship between the testosterone and insulin levels in OCOS. (2) The difference in homeostasis ability to T and insulin may be related to the difference in the various parameters derived by Compound equation.

Objective To evaluate the effects of periopemtive oral administration of Yunan Baiyao on reduction of postoperative facial swelling following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Methods Patients scheduled for Le Fort I esteotomies and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies were enrolled in the prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Patients were orally administrated with Yunnan Baiyao capsules or placebo capsules before 3 days of operation and 5 days post-operation. Three-dimensional face images were recorded with OKIO-SC-400 Scanning System in 40 patients at pre-operation, postoperatively 3 day, 1 week and 1 month. Facial scans from different time periods were registrated to same coordinates and overlaid onto the baseline facial scan. 3D and 2D model deviations were performed with reverse engineering software to compare the differences between each two models and to quantitatively determine the reductions in facial swelling. Results There were 18 patients in Yunnan Baiyao group and 22 patients in control group. The severe swelling region was in the cheek, followed by the upper and lower lip. The average reduction of swelling thickness in Yunnan Baiyao group and control group from 3 day to 1 week postoperative was 3.6 mm and 2.3 nun respectively; there was significant difference between the two groups. Significant differences were also found in percentage changes of facial morphology from 3 day to 1 week postoperative (49.0% and 38.3% respectively). There were no significant changes in facial volumes of swelling between the two groups. Conclusions Perioperative oral administration of Yunnan Baiyao capsules can effectively reduce the magnitude of facial swelling in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Yunnan Biayao has efficacy of anti-inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of high-inteusity zone (HI/.) and the correlation between HIZ and low back pain (LBP). Methods The data of 1000 unselected eases, 566 males and 434 females, aged 49.49 (12-86), who underwent lumbar MRI were analyzed to examine the prevalence of HIZ. 200 of the 1000 eases with HIZ which had complete clinical history records, 112 males and 88 females, aged 52.29 (18-86), were divided into LBP (n=115) and non-LBP series (n=85). CT discography (CTD)was performed in 16 discs in 11 cases with HIZ and the correlation between the modified Dallas' discogram scale and pain reproduction in provocation discography was explored. Results HIZ located in posterior annulus fibrosus (AF) was shown in 378 discs in 317 cases, most located in IA/5 and L5/S1 (74.8% ) and the location in left side ( 153 HIZs) was more common than that in right side (94 HIZs). HIZs were shown in superior region (15.4%), middle region (28.8%), as well as inferior region (55.8%) in sagittal plane. 115 of the 200 cases with HIZ who had complete clinical history records (57.5%) were symptomatic and 85 cases (42.5%) were asymptomatic. According to the modified Dallas' discogram scale, LBP could be provoked in 8 of the 9 patients with grade IV and could not be provoked in 6 of the 7 patients with the grade Ⅲ Conclusion Whether HIZ is accompanied with LBP is related to the degree of disc degeneration. When CTD showed the degree of modified Dallas' grade IV and over most of the patients will show LBP. HIZ only indicates the possibility of discogenic LBP and can not replace provocation discography.

Objective To investigate the value of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in evaluating the efficacy of treatment of primary hepatecellular carcinoma (HCC) by transcatheter arterial chemuembolization (TACE). Methods Twenty-five HCC patients, 19 males and 6 females, aged 54, underwent TACE. Conventional T1WI, T2WI, and DWI and dynamic enhanced MRI were conducted before the first TACE and after every TACE procedure for 4-6 weeks. The differences in the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the remaining tumor, coagulation tumor necrotic tissue, and post-operative recurrent tumor tissue were compared and analyzed. Results When the b value was 1000 s/mm2 , the ADC values of the liver tissue, tumor tissue before first TACE, remaining tumor, coagulation tumor necrotic tissue, and post-operative recurrent tumor were 1.25 ±0.07, 1.02±0.19, 1.06 ±0.14, 1.68 ± 0.32, and 1.28±0.07 mm· s-1 ·10-3 respectively. The ADC value of the coagulation tumor necrotic tissue was significantly higher than those of the other tissues (F=23.25 ,P <0 05). The ADC values of the tumor tissue before the first TACE was the lowest, and the ADC value of the post-operative recurrent tumor was significantly higher than that of the tumor tissue before the first TACE (P< O.05). The ADC value of the remaining tumor tissue was between that of the post-operative recurrent tumor and that of the tumor tissue before the first TACE, however, without significant differences among them. Conclusion This study is the first relatively long-term follow-up study of the value of TACE in HCC treatment with DWL DWI can differentiate the remaining tumor, necrosis of tumor, and recurrence of tumor in HCC after TACE. It helps provide valuable imaging information for treatment and follow-up of the HCC patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of immediate postoperative arterial lactate level to predict morbidity after major abdominal surgery. Methods 139 patients,73 males and 66 females, aged (64 ±14)(26-87), who underwent major abdominal surgery had their levels of arterial lactate, blood routine, blood gas and electrolytes measured after they were sent to the ICU. The physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and the simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ (SAPS Ⅱ ) levels in the first 24-hour postoperative period were calculated Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the independent relationship of the initial lactate, blood gas values, and anion gap with the morbidity. Results Sixty-one cases of postoperative complications were recorded in the 47 patients (34%). The median initial lactate level of the patients with postoperative complications was 1.7 retool/L, significantly higher than that of the patients without complication (1.2mmol/L,P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that lactate level (odds ratio:1.81, 95% confidence interval:1.14-2.89;P=0.013)and Simplified Acute Physiology Score Ⅱ (SAPS Ⅱ (odds rstio:l.14;95% confidence interval:1.08-1.21, P < 0.001) were significantly predictive of postoperative morbidity. The optimal value of lactate to discriminate between the patients who did or did not develop postoperative complications was 2.7 mmol/L as associated with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity (29.8% and 95.7% respectively). The lactate level more than 2.7 mmol/L was associated with 9.3-fold-higher odds for postoperative complications (95% confidence interval:2.9-30. 4, P< 0.001 ). After adjustment for SAP Ⅱ, the lactate level 2.7 mmol/L remained strongly associated with morbidity (odds ratio:5.9; 95% confidence interval:1.6-21.7; P=0.007). Conclusion Initial serum lactate level is significantly associated with postoperative complications and can independently predict in-hospital morbidity after major abdominal surgery. When hyperlactamia means the presence of oxygen debt, strategies to resuscitate patients during surgery should include reversing ongoing tissue hypoxia by increasing oxygen delivery.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypexia-indueible factor (HIF)-lαand vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their relations with the clinicopatholngical features of esophageal squamous cancer. Methods Esophageal squamous cancer tissues and normal end squamous epithelium tissues were collected from 42 patients during operation. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and immunohistechemistry was used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGE The relations between the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and depth of tumor invasion, histological grade, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis were evaluated. Results The HIF-1α mRNA expression level was 5.88 + 1.12 in the esophageal squamous cancer tissue, higher, but not significantly, than that in normal end squamous epithelium tissue 4.76±1.26 (P= 0.014). The VEGF mRNA expression level in the esophageal squamous cancer tissue was 12.79 ±2.51, higher, but not significantly, than that in the normal end squamous epithelium tissue (10.92 ±2.23 ,P=0.010). The HIF- 1α and VEGF protein positive rates in esophageal squamous cancer tissue were 50% (21/42)and 76% (32/ 42) respectively, significantly higher than those in the normal esophageal tissue [14% (6/42)and 33% (14/42) respectively, P=0.001, P=0.000]. The expression of HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA in the esophageal squamous cancer were correlated with lymph node metastasis (including lymphatic invasion) (P=0.063 and P=0.073 respectively). HIF-1α immunoreactivity was localized in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of the cancer cells. The expression of HIF-1α protein was correlated with lymph node metastasis and histological grade(P= O.013 and P=0.028 respectively). No correlation was found between HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF protein. Condusion HIF-1α may be regulated at transcription and post-transcription levels in addition to protein leveL It also plays an important role in lymphatic metastasis of esophageal squamous cancer and tumor malignancy degree. So HIF-1α and VEGF may serve as perdictors of progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and as potential targets for anti-angiogenesis therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the reliability and clinical value of intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography and ultrasound angiography in treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We demonstrate the correlation between the change of resistive index (RI) of feeding artery and the completeness of resection of brain AVMs. Methods Intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography was applied in 82 patients with intracranial brain AVMs undergoing resection, and ultrasound angiography was used in 15 of the 82 patients in addition. The resistive index (RI) of the feeding artery was recorded so as to identify the residual AVMs. Intraoperative angiography or postoperative angiography was performed in all patients Results Intraopertive color Doppler ultrasonography clearly identified the position, size, and flow characteristics of AVMs by showing double colors and directions of flow pattern, the feeding arteries, and draining veins. The mean pre- resection RI of the feeding artery was (0.37 ±0.08 ), and the" post-resection RI was (0.63±0.09 ) (P <0.05 ). In 8 eases the AVMs were translecated the transLocation so they needed localized and delineated again. In 7 cases residual AVMs were suspected intraoperatively by ultrasonography and were confirmed by re-exploration and resected totally. Conclusion Intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography is a reliable tool for intraoperative localization and complete resection of AVMs. Providing real-time flow pattern of AVMs, intraoporative ultrasound angiography combined with RI effectively indicates the completeness of resection of AVMs.

Objective To investigate the effects of lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DNP). Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats underwent intravenous injection of streptozocin to establish diabetes models and 10 rats were injected with sodium citrate solution as normal controls. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:lisinopril group treated with gastric perfusiun of lisinopril daily for 8 weeks, and diabetic control group. The diabetic controls and normal controls were treated with gastric perfusion of water. Sciatic nerve electrode penetration method was used to measure the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). Light and heat pain measuring apparatus was used to measure the pain threshold. Then the sciatic nerves were isolated. Electron microscopy was used to observe the ultra-structure. The contents of superexide dismatase (SOD) and malanyldialdehyde (MDA), and Na+ K+-ATPaso activity were detected by chemical eolorimetry. Immtmohistochemistry was used to detect the CD34 in the sciatic nerve. The capillary density of sciatic nerve was calculated. Results The MNCV and SNCV levels of the lisinopril group were both lower than those of the 2. control groups (all P< 0.01 ). The potency of heat pain leg retraction response of the lisinopril group was significantly shorter than that pf the diabetic control group (P<0.05 ). The pathological changes of the lisinopril group were milder than those of the other groups. The SOD level and the Na+ K+ATPase activity of the diabetic group were significandy lower than those of the normal control group, and the MDA of the diabetic group was significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (all P< O.05). And the SOD level and Na+K+ -ATPase activity of the lisinopril group were significantly higher than those of the diabetic control group, and the MDA level of the lisinopril group was significantly lower than that of the diabetic control group. The capillary density of sciatic nerve of the diabetic control group was lower and the normal control group, and that of the lisinopril group was significantly higher than that of the diabetic control group (P< 0.01 ). Conclusion ACE inhibitors effectively prevent and treat DPN.

Objective To discuss whether neurotrophin proteins, brain-derived neurotrophie factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neural growth factor (NGF), in the astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) are involved in the synapse formation in neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods (1) Cells derived from a pheechromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla of the line PC12 were induced by amyloid-β protein (Aβ) 1-40 for 0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h respectively. Then part of these PC I2 cells underwent flow cytometry to examine the apoptotic rates. Different cells were added into Falcon Cell Culture Insert: Group A containing astrocytes isolated from Wistar rat, Group B with PC12 ceils and astrocytes, Groups CI-C5 containing astrocytes and PC12 cells induced by Aβ1-40 forO, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h respectively, Group DI-5 with PC12 cells induced by Aβ1-40 for O, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h respectively, and Group E containing astrocytes induced by Aβ1-40 for 6 h Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of different groups. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used to detect the levels of BDNF, NT-3, and NGF. (2) The different kinds of the astrocyte-conditioned medium as described above were mixed with DMEM/F12 medium according to the proportion of 1:3 and then divided into 13 groups:Group I (Group A+NSCs), Group Ⅱ(Group B+NSCs), Group Ⅲ-Ⅶ (Groups C1-C5+NSCs), GroupⅧ (NSCs without ASM), Group IX-Ⅷ (Groups DI-D5+Mscs), and Group XIV (Group E+ NSCs). The expression of synaptophysin and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43 protein) were detected by co-focal laser scanning microscopy. The number of mature synapse was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results Flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rates of the PC12 cells were low 0,2, and 4 h after Aβ1-40 induction, with the peak 6 h after induction (P< 0.05 ). The BDNF total protein level in the ACM of Group C3 was the highest (A=1.53± 0.25) (P<0.05). The expression levels of synaptophysin (A =33.39±2.71) and GAP-43(A=49.18±6.45),and the mature synapse number of NSCs(4.70±0.52 synapse/field of vision) of Group V were the gighest in comparison with the other groups (all P<0.05).Conclusion After incubation of astrocytes with Aβ1-40-induced PC12 cells (Aβ-PC12), the ACM induces the synapse formation in the NSCs.The BDNF in the ACM is probably involved in this process.

Objective To investigate the effects of transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury on brain edema and apoptosis hippocampal neurons of aged animals. Methods 120 19-21-month old healthy Wistsr rats underwent four-vessel occlusion to estubhsh whole cerebral ischernia model and were randomly divided into 3 equal groups to undergo ischemia for 1 min, 3 min, and 5 min respectively. Every group was re-divided into 5 equal sub-groups to undergo reperfusion for 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, and 7 d respectively. Another 40 rats underwent sham operation to be used as controls. At different reperfusion time points 4 rats from each subgroup were killed to measure the wet and dry weights of the hippocampus. The brains of the remaining 4 rats from each subgroup underwent HE staining and microscopy. The expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) was detected by SABC immunohistochemical technique, and the neuron apoptosis in hippocampus was detected by TUNEL method. Results There was no significant differences in brain water content and expression of AQP4 between the isehemia 1 rain and 3 rain subgroups and the corresponding sham-operation subgroups( all P0.05 ), however, the brain water contents and AQP4 expression levels of the ischemia 5 mln subgroups were all significantly higher than those of the corresponding sham-operation subgroups(all P<0.05). There were only a few TUNEL-positive ceils in the sham-operation subgroups and ischemia 1 rain subgroups, however, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells of the isehemia 3 min and 5 min subgroups were all significantly higher. The number of TUNEL-positive cells raised 12 h after ischemia, peaked 1 day after, and began to go down 3 days later. Conclusion The aged animals are more sensitive to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and transient cerebral ischemia may cause brain edema, and increase of apoptotic cells and AQP4 expression. Neuron apoptesis is more sensitive to cerebral isehemia than brain edema and AQP4 expression. After reperfusion neuron apoptosis peaks esrlier and lasts longer in the aged animals.

Objective To evaluate the antitumor effects of the conjugates synthesized by coupling cytotoxlc paclitaxel (PTX) to somatostatin analog octreotide (OCT) on human non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Two cytotoxic somatostatin analog, PTX-OCT and 2PTX-OCT, were developed in which PIX was linked to octreotide. Forty-five BALB/c nu/nu nude mice were injected with human NSCLC cells of the line A549 into the fight armpit The nude mice that were xenografted were randomly divided into 8 groups. ①control group (n=6), ②FIX-OCT group (n=5), injected intravenously with PTC-OCT 150 nmol/kg on days 1,7, and 21, ③ 2PTX-OCT group (n=6), injected intravenously with PTrc-ocT 150 nmoL/kg, ④ OP group (n=6), injected with mixture of FIX and OCT 150 nmol/kg, ⑤ OCT group (n=5) injected with OCT 150 nmoL/kg ⑤ PTX group (n=6), injected with PTX 150 nmoL/kg, ⑦ 2PTX group, injected with PTX 300 nmol/kg, and ⑧2(PTX-OCT) injected with PTX-OCT 300 nmol/kg, The tumor volume and body weight (BW) were observed regularly. The tumor volume doubling time was calculated. White blood cells were counted by collecting peripheral blood sample. By the end of experiment the mice were killed with the tumors taken out. The expression of mRNA of subtypesl-5 of human somatostatin receptor (SSTR1-SSTR5 ) were investigated using RT-PCR Histological apoptosis was detected by DNA ladder. Immunohistoehemistry was used to examine the SSTR2 and SSTR5 expression and tumor microvessel density (MVD). Results The tumor volumes of 2PTX-OCT and 2 (2PTX-OCT) groups were significantly smaller than those of other groups (all P< 0.01 ). The tumor doubling times of the 2tPTX-OCT and 2(2PTX-OCT) groups were significantly longer than those of the other groups too (al.1P<0.01). The MVD levels of the 2tTX-OCT and 2(2PTX-OCT) groups were significant lower than those of the other groups (all P<0.01 ). The toxicity of the PTX group was more obvious. The WBC count levels of the PTX and 2PTX groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups ( all P< 0.05 ). mRNA expression could be found for SSTR1, 2, 4, and 5 in the A549 xenngrafts. Immunohistochemistry showed that SSTR2 was maiuly found in the tumor cell membrane, and $STR5 was found in the tumor cell membrane and cytoplasm. More histological apoptosis bands were shown by DNA ladder method in the 2PTX-OCT and 2 (PTX-OCT) groups. Conclusion The targeting conjugate 2PTX-OCT inhibits the proliferation of tumor ceils, reduces microvessel, and decreases the toxicity in comparison with the cytotoxic radical PTX.

Objective To compare the influence extrusive and Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy on the patency rate of bloodstream and the damage of the wall of vein in acute femoral vein thrombosis. Methods Eighty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A ( n=25 ) undergoing ligation of unilateral femoral to establish acute femoral vein thrombosis model and treated by extrusion of the hind leg muscles 24 h after the operation, Group B (n=25 ) treated by Fogarty balloon catheter embelectemy 24 h after establishment of the thrombosis model, Group C ( n=25 ) undergoing sham operation, and Group D (n=5) as normal controls. 7, 14, and 28 days after the treatment digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was conducted to observe the pateney rate of the vessel 1,4, 7, 14, and 28 days after the treatment specimens of the thrombotic and corresponding sections of the veins were collected from the 4 groups (on days 1 and 7 for Group D) to undergo transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative reverse transcription and pelymerase chain reaction was used to detect the level of tissue thromplastin (TF). ELISA was used to detect the levels of thmmboxane B2, (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin Flα (PGFlα). Results Occlusion was seen in 3 femoral veins of Group B and one femoral vein of Group (P< 0.01 ), and the other veins were all patent. TEM and SEM showed that the endothelial cell injury was slight in Group A, and aggravated in Group B. TF mRNA expression could be seen 1 day after the treatment in Groups A, B, and C, and peaked on the day 7, and not found in Group D at any time points ( all P< 0.01 ) ; and the TF mRNA levels at different time points of Group A were all significantly lower than those of Group B ( all P<0.01 ). The TXB2 expression levels on days 1 and 7 of Groups A, B, and C were all significantly higher than those of Group D;especially those of Group B (all P <0.01 ). The 6-keto-PGF1α levels on days 1 and 7 of Group D were both significantly higher than those of Groups A, B, and C (all P< O.01 ). Conclusion Compared with Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy, extrusion embolectomy can discard the thrombus more thoroughly and guarantee the patency rate of bloodstream Both extrusion embolectomy and Fogarty balloon catheter embelectomy, especially the latter, cause damage to the blood vessel endothelium.

Objective To identify the association of his tone H3 lysine 9 (H3-K9) methylafion with DNA methylation and the expression of the mismatch repair gene hMLH1 in human gastric cancer cells. Methods Gastric cancer cells of the lines BGC-823 and MGC-803 were cultured and treated with 5- Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), a demethylation agent, for 72 hour. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assay was used to assess the status of histone H3 lysine 9 methylation in the promoter regions of hMLH1 gene. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to evaluate the effect of 5-Aza-dC on DNA methylation status. RT-PCR was used to examine the hMLH1 gene expression. Results In the MGC-803 cells, silenced hMLH1 gene was characterized by DNA methylation and histone H3-K9 hypermethylation; 5-Aza-dC demethylated the DNA and reduced the histone H3-K9 methylation at silenced loci and resulted in reactivation of hMLHI gene therein. Contrary to the MGC-803 ceils, BGC-823 cells expressed hMLH1 gene with DNA demethylation and histone H3-K9 hypomethylation; and 5-Aza-dC had no effects on the gene expression, DNA methylation, and histone H3-K9 methylation therein. Conclusion Hypermethylation of DNA in the promoter region is related to transcriptional silencing of hMLH1 gene. Histone H3-K9 methylation in different regions of the promoter studied correlates with DNA methylatian status of hMLH1 gene in gastric cancer cells. Alteration of DNA methylation affects histone H3-K9 methylation. 5-Aza-dC can control hMLHI expression, DNA methylation, and histone H3-K9 methylation in the promoter.

Major surgical trauma, severe trauma, shock, infection, organ ischemia-reperfusion injury and endotoxemia are common perioperative phenomena, which often lead to severe local and systemic inflammatory cytokine response. Excessive inflammatory response is considered to be an important mechanism of organ damage. The activation of nuclear transcription factor (NFkB) and the release of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin (IL) -1 β are considered to be the early initiation links of inflammatory cascade.

The patient was a 29-year-old female, who was not married by intimate relatives. The patient denied the history of exposure to teratogenic factors in the first trimester of pregnancy and the history of congenital malformation in the family. The menstrual type was 15 years old, 2~3 d/33-34 d. The last menstrual period (LMP) was 14 December 2006, and the expected date of delivery (EDC) was 21 September 2007. The urine test was positive for chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) after 40 days of menopause, but the early pregnancy ultrasound was unknown.