Volume 88  ·   Issue 14  ·  2008

Lymphangioma accompanied by hyperplasia of capillaries is called lymphangioma [1]. It is a benign tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue, which mostly occurs in head and neck. It is a congenital malformation or developmental defect. It is common in young children and rare in adults.

Objective To explore the correlation between the parameters of prostate volume(PV) measured by transabdominal ultrasonography and urodynamic results in diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Methods 112 BPH patients aged 45-85 underwent transabdominal uhrasonography to measure the superior-inferior diameter(R1)anterior-posterior diameter(R2), and left-right diameter(R3). Urodynamic examination was conducted to record the maximum flow rate(Qmax), detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate(Pdet. Qmax), and detrusor pressure at minimum urinary flow rate(Pdet. Qmin), Schafer grading and international prostate symptom score(IPSS)scores were calculated. Correlation analysis was performed. Results The PV, R1, R2, and R3 were(48±29)ml, (4. 3±1. 0)cm, (3. 7±0. 9)cm, and(5. 2±0. 8)cm respectively. The Qmax, Pdet. Qmax, Schafer score, and IPSS score were(6. 2±3. 2)ml/s, (56±41)cm H2O, 3. 1±1. 8(0-6)and 23±2(15-31)respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that R1(OR=22. 662, P=0. 000), PV(OR=0. 946, P=0. 008), and Qmax(OR=0. 760, P=0. 013)were positively correlated with Schafer grading value. Conclusion The parameters of PV measured by transabdominal ultrasonography are reliable to diagnose BOO due to BPH.

Objective To investigate the effects of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)from primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)induced by interleukin-12(IL-12)with IL-2, on their cytotoxicity, proliferation, and cytokine production, and the immunological function and survival of the PHC patients. Methods PHC cells and TILs were isolated from the resected tumors and cultured. IL-2 was added into the culture medium with or without IL-12. Ten to 14 days later the cytotoxic activity and proliferation index(PI) of the TILs were calculated. The levels of the cytokine interferon(IFR)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the supernatant were tested by ELISA. 20-25 days after the operation the TILs were re-infused into the bodies. The clinical manifestation, cytotoxicity of TILs, phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the autologous hepatic carcinoma cells was greater than that of the TILs of the IL-2 group(P＜0. 05). ml and(485±98)pg/ml, both significantly higher than those of the IL-2 group[(1078±309. 46)pg/ml and CD56+ rates, especially the CD3+ and CD8+ rates, of the IL-12+IL-2 group were all significantly group survived for more than 1 year, with a rate significantly higher than that of the IL-2 group(17/25, x2=4. 5, P＜0. 05), however, there were no significant differences in the 3-year and 5-year survival rates between these 2 groups(both P＞0. 05). The number of patients who showed recurrence in less than 1 year was 17 in the IL-2 group, with a rate significantly higher that of the IL-12+IL-2 group(8/25, X2=4. 32, P＜0. 05). However, there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate ≤3 years between these 2 groups(x2=1. 56, P＞0. 05). Conclusion TILs from primary hepatic carcinoma induced by IL-12 can obviously enhance specific cytotoxicity and proliferation of TILs. TILs induced by IL-12+IL-2 increase the patients'immunological function, prolong the 1-year survival, and decreases recurrence more effectively than the TILs induced by IL-2 only.

Objective To investigate the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)in Nrf2 promoter region with the susceptibility to risk of vitiligo. Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 300 vitiligo patients and 300 healthy persons. The genotypes of -686A/G, -684G/A, and -650C/A were detected by direct-sequencing. Genotyping of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)was performed by gene scan analysis with an ABI 3 10 Sequencer. Genetic and allelie frequencies were analyzed by Chi-square test and the risk was evaluated by calculating OR and 95% CI. Results There was statistical significant difierence in genotypic and allelie frequencies of -650C/A between the vitiligo group and healthy control group(P＜0. 05), and A-650 allele was associated with risk for vitiligo statistically significantly(OR=1. 724, 95% CI: 1. 345-2. 211, x2=18. 096, P＜0. 01). Homozygote of A allele inereased the risk for vitiligo obviously(OR=2. 902, 95% CI: 1. 624-5. 188, P＜0. 01). No significant difference was found in other three polymorphisms between the two groups. Conelusion polymorphism of Nrf2 promoter region-650C/A was associated with the development of vitiligo and A -650 allele may be one of risk factors for vitiligo.

Objective To study the expression of Fas, Fas-ligand(Fas/FasL), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in malignant melanoma(MM), melanocytic nevus, and normal skin, and the relationship of Fas, Fas/FasL, and PCNA expressions to malignant degrees of MM. Methods Immunohistochemistry SP methods was used to detect the expressions of Fas, Fas-ligand(Fas/FasL), and PCNA in 35 samples of MM, 21 samples of melanocytic nevus, and 28 normal skin samples obtained by operation. Results The positive Fas rate of the MM group was 92. 86%(26/28), significantly higher than those of the melaoncytic nevus group(76. 19%, 16/21)and normal skin group(45. 71%, 16/35)(x2=16. 84, v=2, P＜0. 01). The positive FasL rate of the MM group was 3. 57%(1/28), significantly lower than those of the those of the melaoncytic nevus group(19. 05%, 4/21)and normal skin group(62. 86%, 22/35)(x2=27. 27, v=2, P＜0. 01). The PCNA positive rate of the MM group was 100%(35/35), significantly higher than those of the melaoncytie nevus group(33. 33%, 7/21)and normal skin group (10. 71%, 3/28)(x2=54. 4, v=2, P＜0. 01). The positive index(PI)of PCNA of the MM group was 55. 0%±14. 8%, significantly higher than those of the melaoncytic nevus group(6. 2%±3. 0%, t=19. 89, P＜0. 01)and normal skin group(4. 0%±2. 0%, t=22. 63, P＜0. 01), however, there was no significant difierence in the PCNA PI between the melaoncytic nevus and normal skin groups(P＞0. 05). The greater the infiltration depth of MM, the higher the PCNA PI. However, there was no direct dose-effect relationship between PI and pathological types. Conclusion The expressions of Fas/FasL and PCNA reflect the malignant degree of human melanoma, and the more expression of PCNA, the more malignant degree of melanoma. The expressions of Fas/FasL and PCNA are closely associated with the development of MM.

Objective Discuss the influential factor of pathologic response of tumor, axillary lymph nodes and extranodal soft tissue extension(ETE)in breast cancer after neoadiuvant chemotherapy and patients survival. Methods 196 patients with Ⅱ B～ⅢB stage breast cancer, all female, aged 47(26-65), were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including intravenous injection of docetaxel and epirubiein for 21 days, followed by surgery. Then follow-up was conducted for 61 months(4-70 months). The influential factor of pathological response and relation between pathologic response and survival were analyzed. Resuits The follow-up rate of the 196 patients was 100%. 20 patients(10. 2%)achieved pathological complete response(pCR), 108 patients(55. 1%)achieved pathological part response(pPR), and 68 patients(34. 7%)achieved pathological stable disease pSD. There was no correlation between pCR and clinical staging, and age of patients(both P＞0. 05). But there was a correlation between pCR and the size of tumor, estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), and pathological type(all P＜0. 01). 27. 0% of the metastatic axillary lymph-nodes showed down-staging. The overall 5-year survival rate was 62. 8%(P＜0. 01). The median period of survival was 61 month (P＜0. 01). Conclusion pCR is correlated with the size of tumor, ER, PR, and pathological type. Down-staging of primary tumor and metastatic axillary lymph-node are important prognosis factors.

Objective To detect the expression of human β-defensin 2(HBD-2)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the colonic mucosae of ulcerative colitis(UC)patients and diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D)patients and to evaluate the roles of HBD-2 and TNF-α in the pathogenesis and the relationship between them. Methods Immunohistochemistry was conducted on the biopsy samples of colonic mucosa from 30 UC patients, 20 IBS-D patients, and 10 normal persons to measure the expression of HBD-2 and TNF-α. Results The expression levels of HBD-2 and TNF-α in the colonic mncosa of UC were both significantly higher than those in the colonic mucosa of IBS-D (z=-4. 856, z=-3. 987, all P＜0. 01)and in the normal colonic mucosa(z=-3. 611, z=-3. 248, all P＜0. 01). But no significant differences were found between the colonic mucosa of IBS-D and the normal colonic mucosa in the intensity of the expressions of HBD-2 and TNF-α(z=-0. 373. z=-0. 032. all P＞0. 05). There were no significant differences in the intensity of the expressions of HBD-2 and TNF-α in colonic mucosa of among the mild, moderate, and severe UC(x2=1. 190、P＞0. 05, x2=1. 672、P＞0. 05). Conclusion The expressions of HBD-2 and TNF-α are significantly increased in UC, but are not correlated with IBS-D and the severity of clinical symptoms of UC patients.

Objective To investigate the brain mechanisms for esophageal visceral hypersensitivity. Methods Thirty-one non-erosive reflux disease(NERD)patients, 21 in the group of NERD with esophageal hypersensitivity(NERD-H)and 10 in the group of NERD with normal esophageal sensation (NERD-N), 13 patients with erosive esophagitis(EE), and 12 healthy volunteers, all sex-and agematched, underwent whole brain blood oxygenation level dependent(BOLD)fictional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)to record the cortical fMRI response to intraesophageal perfusion of normal saline or dilute hydrochloric acid. Results The main centers affected in the NERD-H patients included the secondary somatosensory cortex(SⅡ), primary somatosensory cortex(S1), right prefrontal cortex(PFC), right orbitofrontal cortex(OFC), insular cortex, amygdala, striatum, motor cortex and its supplementary area, and cerebellum cortices, which form part of the matrix controlling emotional, autonomic modulatory responses to pain. The peak fMRI signal intensity and average maximum percent signal increase in the regions of interest(ROI)at above-mentioned brain areas of the NERD-H group were significantly stronger than those of the NERD-N and control groups(all P＜0. 01). The peak image intensity of the anterior cingulate gyrus(ACC)of NERD-H group was 562±104, significantly lower than that of the control group (587±126, P＜0. 05), but significantly higher than that of the EE group(535±91, P＜0. 05). The timeline of activation and deactivation events of particular ROI differentiate the four groups. The initial image latency and peak fMRI latency after hydrochloric acid perfusion of the NERD-H patients were 1. 7 min±0. 9 min and peak 4. 5 min±1. 3 min respectively, both significantly shorter than those of the NERD-N group (4. 0 min±1. 1 min and 6. 8 min±1. 6 min respectively, both P＜0. 01)and those of the control group(5. 4 min±1. 7 min and 7. 2 min±1. 5 min respectively, both P＜0. 01). The range of deactivation of SⅡ and R-PFC of the NERD-H group were 26. 5%±5. 4% and 20. 3%±3. 0% respectively, both significantly greater than those of the NERD-N group(8. 2%±2. 2% and 16. 4%±3. 6% respectively, both P＜0. 05)and those of the EE group(11. 9%±4. 8% and 11. 7%±3. 1% respectively, both P＜0. 01). The range of deactivation in ACC of the control group was 16. 9%±2. 5%, significantly greater than those of the NERD-H and EE groups(11. 8%±2. 8% and 6. 4%±1. 0% respectively, both P＜0. 05). Conclusion The function of central nervous system to integrate and manage the convergence information becomes abnormal under the status of esophageal visceral hypersensitivity.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Golgi glycoprotein 73(GP73) for the diagnosis of hepatitis B related hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC). Methods Western blotting was used to detect the serum GP73level in 25 patients being HBV carrier, 24 HCC patients, 12 patients with non-liver disease, and 99 healthy controls. Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected by electrochemiluminescence reaction. The levels of sensitivity and specificity of serum GP73 in diagnosing HCC were compared with those of AFP. The serum GP73 levels of some HCC patients during the perioprative period were compared. Results The serum GP73 level of the HCC patients, all HBV positive, was (40. 36±64. 43)relative units, significantly higher than those of the HBV carriers, non-liver patients, and healthy controls [(7. 82±10. 72), (4. 48±5. 70), and(2. 59±5. 12)relative units respectively, all P＜0. 01]. There was no difference of GP73 levels between the heahhy controls and the patients of non liver diseases(P=0. 2925). The sensitivity of GV73 for the diagnosis of HCC was 76. 9%, significantly higher than that of AFP(48. 6%). The specificity for the diagnosis of HCC of GP73 was 92. 9%. Findings in a few HCC patients showed that the GP73 level remained not remarkably lowered within a week after surgical resection: but became lower 1. 5-2 years after surgery. There was no raise of GP73 in the patients with nonmalignant liver lesions.The GP73 levels of 4 of the 6 intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients were between those of the HCC patients and HBV carriers.Conclusion Serum GP73 has higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of hepatitis B-related HCC than AFP，and it can become a new effective HCC tumor marker.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT in pancreas intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN) by analyzing its CT feature and pathological findings. Methods The clinical and CT data was analyzed among 39 patients with IPMN whose diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. The CT manifestations were classified into 3 types: simple main pancreatic duct enlargement; main pancreatic duct enlargement combined with pancreatic cystic lesion; and simple pancreatic cystic lesion. The correlation between the CT types and Takada pathological types(main duct type, branch type, and mixed type)was analyzed. All the cases were pathologically classified into benign and malignant/boundary groups. Statistical tests of the difference of CT features(mural nodule, septa, size, caliber of main pancreatic duct and common bile duct)between the 2 groups were performed. Results The CT type Ⅰ matched the main duct type, the CT type Ⅱ mainly matched the branch type and mixed type, and the CT type Ⅲ matched the branch type(P＜0. 001). The probability of benign lesion was 92% with no mural nodule in the lesion, while the probability of benign lesion was only 42% with mural nodule presented(P=0. 003). In terms of the septa, there was no significant difference between benign and malignant lesions(P=0. 793). The size of malignant/boundary lesions exceeded that of benign lesions(P=0. 016). There were no significant difference in calibers of main pancreatic duct and common bile duct between the benign and malignant/boundary groups. Without considering pathological grouping the caliber of main pancreatic duct exceeded that of the common bile duct in all the cases(P=0. 02). Conclusion CT typing of IPMN well matches the pathological typing which benefits the CT diagnosis of IPMN. The caliber of main pancreatic duct usually exceeds that of common bile duct in IPMN. This feature contributes to its diagnosis.

Objective To explore the prevalence and clinical features of protein tyrosine phosphatase-2β antibody(IA-2βA)in type 1 diabetes(T1DM). Methods Four hundred and one T1DM patients and 200 healthy controls were screened for glutamic acid carboxylase antibody(GADA), islet cell antigen-2(IA-2A), IA-2βA by radioligand assay. The clinical features of the patients positive in different antibodies were analyzed. Results Thirty-five of the 401 T1DM patients were positive in IA-2βA with a positivity rate of 8. 7%, significantly higher than that of the normal controls(1. 0%, 2/100, P＜0. 05). Out of the 35 cases with IA-2βA positivity, 16(45. 7%)were positive in IA-2A. Among the 401 T1DM patients, IA-2βA titer was not correlated with IA-2A titer(r=0. 021, P=0. 780). The IA-2βA positive rate of the age group of 0-9 years was 62. 8%, significantly higher than that of the age group ＞10 years (19. 7%, x2=31. 41, P＜0. 001);and the IA-2A positive rate of the age group of 0～9 years was 20. 0%, significantly higher than that of the age group ＞10 years(7. 6%, x2=6. 11, P＜0. 05). GADA was not significantly correlated with age. The age and onset age of the patients positive only in IA-2f3A were 35. 5 and 34. 0 years respectively, both significantly higher than those of the patients positive only in IA-2A(24. 2 and 21. 6 years respectively, both P＜0. 05). Conclusion Higher in child-onset T1DM, the prevalence of IA-2βA positivity decreases with age. IA-2βA is a practical parameter for identifying autoimmune diabetes.

Objective To investigate the impact of obstructive jaundice on hepatectomy. Methods 120 Wistar rats underwent ligation of the common bile duct to establish animal model of obstructive iaundice. On days 1 after ligation 20 rats underwent 30% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 1)and 20 rats underwent 70% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 2);on day 3 after ligation 10 rats underwent 30% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 3)and 10 rats underwent 70% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 4);on day 5 20 rats underwent 30% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 5)and 20 rats underwent 70% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy (Group 6);and on day 7 10 rats underwent 30% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 7)and 10 rats underwent 70% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy(Group 8). The serum total protein, albumin, total bilirubin(TBIL), direct bilirubin, and alanine transaminase(ALT)were detected. Then livers were taken out after the rats died or were killed, and the levels of ALT and Na+K6 -ATPase were measure. Results The serum TBIL peaked on day 3. The survival rate after the operation of Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 20%, 20%, 100%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 0, and 0 respectively. Conclusion (1)It is the too short a time between two operations, but not liver dysfunction, that is responsible for the high death rate in Groups 1 and 2. (2)30% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy performed 3 days after the ligation of common bile duct iS safe with a survival rate of 100%. However, 70% hepatic resection +choledochojejunostomy is dangerous in this time with a survival rate of 50% only. (3)30% and 70% hepatic resection+choledochojejunostomy performed 5 and 7 days after the ligation are very dangerous with a post-operational survival rate of zero.

Objective To assay the effects of prenatal hemin therapy on pulmonary hypoplasia (PH)and pulmonary arterial structural remodeling in congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH). Methods Six pregnant female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: control group, undergoing gastric perfusion of olive oil once on day 9. 5 and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline on days 11-14: CDH group, undergoing gastric perfusion of nitrofen 125 mg once on day 9. 5 and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline on days 11-14;and hemin group, undergoing gastric perfusion of nitrofen 125 mg once on caesarean section was performed to take out the fetuses to undergo histological examination and image analysis. Results CDH were detected in 28 of the 44(63. 6%)fetuses from the 2 groups receiving nitrofen. The lungs of all CDH group fetuses were hypoplastic, and the fetuses of the hemin group showed improved lung development. The right lung/body weight ratio and pulmonary alveolar area ratio(PAA%)of the hemin group were(16. 6±1. 0)mg/g and(45±6)% respectively, both significantly higher than those of the CDH group[(14. 6±1. 7)mg/g and(28±6)% respectively, P=0. 03 and P＜0. 01]. The alveolar septum area ratio(ASA%)of the hemin group was(44±6)%, significantly lower than that of the CDH group[(64±8)%, P＜0. 01]. The media thickness percentages(MT%)of pre-acinar artery (PAPA)and intra-acinar artery(IAPA)of the fetuses of the hemin group were(21. 2±2. 2)% and (18. 2±2. 1)% respectively, both significantly lower than those of the CDH group[(24. 3±4. 0)% and (21. 9±3. 9)% respectively, both P＜0. 05], which were significantly higher than those of the control group[(20. 0±2. 4)% and(17. 2±2. 3)% respectively, both P＜0. 01]. The component ratio of nonmuscularized artery(NMA)in the IAPA level of the hemin group was(78. 2±3. 0)%, significantly higher than that of the CDH group[(72. 8±3. 2)%, P=0. 001]. Conclusion PH and pulmonary arterial structural remodeling are present in CDH. Although prenatal administration of hemin cannot prevent the genesis of CDH in rats, it may improve the pulmonary development, inhibit medial hypertrophy, and reduce the percentage of muscularized IAPA.

Objective To study the effects of homocysteine(Hcy)on the insulin secretion and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells. Methods Clonal mouse pancreatic β cells of the line NIT-1 were cultured and exposed to Hcy of 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μmol/L for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours respectively, then glucose of the concentrations of 5. 6 mmol/L or 16. 7 mmol/L was added for 1 h, and then the insulin concentration in the culture medium was determined by radioimmunoassay, and MTY method was used to detect eh survival rate of the cells. NIT-1 cells were exposed to Hcy of the concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μmol/L respectively for 24 h, another NIT-1 cells were exposed to Hcy of the final concentration of 250 μmol/L for 0, 6, 12, and 48 h respectively, then flow cytometry(FC)was used to detect the apoptosis of the cells. After exposure to Hcy of the concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μmol/L for 72 h DNA agarose gel electrophoresis was performed. Results Hcy inhibited the basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The insulin secretion amounts of the NIT-1 cells after exposure to 50 μmol/L Hcy for 24 hours and to 100 μmol/L Hcy for 12 hours were significantly lower by 17. 1% and 10. 8% compared with the control group(all P＜0. 01). Incubated with 100 μmol/L Hcy for 12 hours and 24 hours respectively, the survival rates of the NIT-1 cells were 94. 56% and 87. 93% respectively(P＜0. 05, P＜0. 01). Incubated with 100 μmol/L Hcy for 24 hours, the apoptosis rate of the NIT-1 cells was 7. 21%(P＜0. 01);and incubated with 250 μmol/L Hcy for 12 hours, the apoptosis rate of the NIT-1 cells was 12. 93%(P＜0. 01). Both FC and agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that Hcy induced cell apoptosis time-and concentration-dependently. Conclusion Hcy impairs insulin secretion and induces cell apoptosis of pancreatic β cells time- and concentrationdependently.

Objective To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on the protein expression of atrial calpain Ⅰ and pathohistological and uhrastructural changes of atrial myocardium in atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods Twenty dogs were all implanted with pacemaker in a subcutaneous pocket and attached to a screw-in epicardial lead in right atrial appendage. They were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operation group(n=6 without pacing), control group(n=7 per minutes for 6 weeks), and probucol group(n=7, pacing till the end of pacing). One thin silicon plaque containing 4 pairs of electrodes were sutured to the right atrium. The dogs in control group, probucol group were paced at 400 beats per minutes for 6 weeks. Then the dogs were killed with their hearts taken out. The expression of atrial calpain Ⅰ was measured by Western-blotting and immunohistochemistry. The pathohistological and uhrastructural changes in atrial tissue were tested by light and electron microscopy. The inducibility and duration of AF were measured in the control group and probucol group. The indexes of oxidative stress total anti-oxidation capability(T-AOC), malonyldiadehyde(MDA), and scavenging activities of superoxide anion(O2-)radical were measured by colorimetric method. Results The percentage of myolysis in the left and right atria of the control group were (53. 6±11. 8)% and. (58. 5±9. 2)%respectively, significantly higher than those of the sham operation group[(4. 4±3. 1)% and. (4. 1±2. 9)% respectively, both P＜0. 01]. T The percentage ofmyolysis in the left and right atria ofthe probucol group were(12. 3±3. 2)% and (12. 0±2. 6)% respectively, both significantly lower than those of the control group(both P＜0. 01). The protein expression of calpain Ⅰ of the control group was significantly higher than that of the sham-operation group, and the protein expression of calpain Ⅰ of the probucol group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The AF inducibility rate after pacing of the probucol group was 60%, significantly lower than that of the control group(92. 9%, P ＜0. 01). The average AF duration time after pacing of the probucol group was(601±328)s, significantly shorter than that of the control group(1458±498)s. The indexes of oxidative stress in probucol group were lower than the level in control group. The MDA levels of the probueol group was(3. 08±0. 20)mmol/mg protein, significantly lower than that of the control group(4. 15±0. 23)mmol/mg protein). The anti-O2-and T-AOC level of the probucol group were 279±20 U/g protein and 30. 5±1. 3 nmol/mg protein, both significantly higher than those of the control group (215±16 U/g protein and 25. 6±1. 5 nmol/mg protein respectively, both P＜0. 01). There were more sarcomere vacuolization and dissolution in atrial myocytes in the control group than in the sham operation group. And the pathohistological and uhrastruetrual changes of the probueol were lighter than those of the control group. Conclusion Probucol prevents the pathohistological and ultrastruetural changes in atrial myocardium by inhibiting calpain Ⅰ expression, thus suppressing atrial structural remodeling, and preventing the induction and promotion of AF.

Objective To explore the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)on hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure(ALF)and possible mechanism thereof. Methods One hundred and sixty SD rats underwent intraperitoneAI injection of D-gaiactosamine(D-GalN)1. 4 g/kg so as to establish AFL models and then were randomly divided into 2 equal groups: G-CSF therapy group, injected consecutive days, and placebo control group, injected hypodermically with normal saline for 3 consecutive days. Liver samples were collected from 6 rats of each group 6 h, 12 h, 1 day, and 3 days after D-GalN injection respectively. Another six normal rats were used as normal control group. Hepatoeyte apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3, a proapoptosis protein, in the liver sections. Results The survival rate of the G-CSF therapy group was 53. 3%, significantly higher than that of the placebo control group(33. 3%, P=0. 027). The hepatocyte apoptosis rate and expression rates of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the liver sections after D-GalN injection increased along with time. The hepatoeyte apoptosis rate peaked 1 day after the D-GalN injection in both groups. The maximum hepatocyte apoptosis rate of the G-CSF group was 29%±7%, significantly lower than that of the placebo control group(44%±12%, P=0. 026). The gray scale of Bcl-2 in liver sections at hour 12 of the G-CSF group was 152±37, significandy lower than that of the placebo control group(161±7, P=0. 012). and the gray scale of Bcl-2 on day 1 of the G-CSF group was 150±12, significantly lower than that of the placebo control group(159±9, P=0. 018). The gray seales ofcaspase-3 on days 1 and 3 of the G-CSF group were 189. 6±4. 6 and 184. 7±4. 8 respectively, both significantly higher than those of the placebo control group(169. 6±15. 7 and 160. 0±5. 0, both P=0. 000). Conclusion Apoptosis is a key mechanism contributing to ALF. G-CSF prevents ALF induced by D-GaIN, thus raising the survival rate. GGSF shows an inhibitory efficacy on hepatocytes apoptosis by probably up-regulating Bcl-2 and reducing caspase-3 expression.

Objective To compare the feasibility and safety of combined transgastric and transcolonic dual approach and those of transgastric single approach in endoscopic salpingectomy. Methods Two female Chinese Nongda miniature pigs underwent gastric and colonic lavage with tap water followed by disinfection of mucosa with 1: 10 iodophor. An endoscope was inserted and the colonic wall was punctured with a needle knife, dilated with a balloon-dilator and a double-channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity. Under direct observation through this endoscope, a trans-gastric entrance was made with the second double-channel endoscope. With the help of transcolonic endoscope, the left Fallopian tube was ligated and partially resected using the transgastric endoscope. With the help of transgastric endoscope, liver biopsy was performed using the transcolonic endoscope. Finally, the gastric incision was closed with 3 clips and the colonic incision was closed with a loop and a clip. Antibiotics were used for 3 days following the procedures. Seventeen days later laparotomy was performed to observe the infection. visceral damage and adhesion, healing of the incisions of gastrointestinal duct, etc. Results Compared with the single route, the dual routes were more convenient to perform the liver biopsy and salpingectomy. The pigs drank and ate normally soon after the resuscitation. The pigs looked well and gained weight during 2 weeks after the operation. Repeat endoscopy in 2 weeks showed a well-healed gastric incision with 2 clips still in place and a healed colonic incision with 1 clip still attached. The necropsy revealed a complete transmural healing of the gastric incision with minimal adhesion and a complete healing of the colonic incision without any adhesion. Few adhesions were found around the liver biopsy site and the salpingectomy site without any intraperitoneal infection or organ damage. Conclusion Combined transgastrie and transcolonic approach appears safe and feasible and facilitates translumenal intraperitoneal interventions.

Combined burn and burn injuries in batches have the characteristics of many wounded, critical and complicated injuries, and great difficulty in treatment, which will bring great pressure on medical care and organizational management in the treatment unit in peacetime or wartime [1]. This paper introduces the treatment process and strategy of 9 critically ill patients in an industrial accident caused by explosion and fire in a unit, and a total of 33 employees including one medical staff were injured. All patients recovered and the treatment results were satisfactory.

Spinal cord metastasis of breast cancer is often a manifestation of rapid tumor progression, difficult treatment, poor outcome and short survival time.Three cases of spinal cord metastasis of breast cancer treated in the Department of Breast Cancer, 307th Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA are reported as follows.