Volume 88  ·   Issue 04  ·  2008

There are a large number of bacteria and toxins in the intestinal lumen, but under normal circumstances, people do not develop serious infection or toxic diseases, which is mainly because the intestinal mucosal barrier effectively blocks the invasion of foreign microorganisms and toxins and ensures the health of the body.

Objective To investigate the phenotypes of T lymphocytes in the intestinal epithelium in cirrhosis.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:cirrhosis group(n=25)undergoing subcutaneous injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride twice a week for 10-12 weeks to establish cirrhosis models,and control group (n=15).Twelve weeks later the rats were killed with their levers taken out.The T lymphocytes in the intestinal epithelium were isolated and labeled with mouse anti-rat CD3,CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibody, Flow cytometry was performed. Results The number of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes of the cirrhosis group was(3.4±1.1)×105 /cm,significantly higher than that of the control group [(2.3±0.5)×105 /cm,P＜0.05].The proportion of CD3+ cells of the cirrhosis group were(76±8)%,not significantly different from that of the control group [(80±6)%,P＞0.05].There were no significant different between two group(P＞0.05).The proportion of CD4+ CD8+ subpopulation of the cirrhosis group was(6.9±3.3)%,significantly higher than that of the control group[(3.7±1.8)%,P＜0.05].The proportion of CD4+ CD8- subpopulation of the cirrhosis group was(6.9±3.0)%,significantly higher than that of the control group [(4.4±1.4)%,P＜0.05].Conclusion There were alterations of the immune barrier function in cirrhosis.The increase of the proportion of CD4+ CD8+ subpopulation may be associated with the increases of the number of intestinal bacteria.

Objective To investigate the condition of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) colonization in different gastric diseases and the application of immunostaining technique in Hp density measurement.Methods Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa were obtained from 174 patients with different gastric diseases confirmed by pathological examination,99 males and 75 females,aged 53.37(19-87),135 from Zhuanghe,a high risk area of gastric cancer,and 39 from Shenyang,a low risk area.Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the Hp density in different parts of gastric mucosa.Results When the grade of Hp density in the gastric mucosa epithelium cell surface and lumen of gland＜1 there was a significant difference between HE stain and immunohistochemistry(χ2=9.446,P＜0.01),however,when the grade of Hp density in the gastric mucosa epithelium cell surface and lumen of gland＞1 there was no significant difference between them(P＞0.05).The grade of Hp density of gastric mucosa epithelium cell surface and lumen of gland in superficial gastritis was＞1,significantly higher than those of the atrophic gastritis group(23.8%)and gastric cancer group(16.7%)(χ2=2.780,P＞0.05;χ2=4.876,P＞0.05).The Hp colonization density in the gastric mucosa epithelium cell Surface and lumen of the patients from Zhuanghe region was significantly lower than that of the patients from Shenyang region (χ2=5.915,P=0.015);and the Hp density in the gastric mucus in the patients from Zhuanghe was significantly higher than that of the patients from Shenyang(χ2=8.879,P=0.003,χ2=22.036,P=0.000).The grades of Hp density within the surface mucous gel layer in atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer was significantly higher than that of the superficial gastritis group(53.7%,χ2=11.002,P＜0.05;χ2=19.401,P＜0.05).Conclusion The density of Hp colonization in gastric mucosa epithelium cell surface and lumen of gland gradually decreases in the order of superficial gastritis-atrophic gastritis-gastric cancer,while the density of Hp within the surface mucous gel layer increases in the order of superficial gastritis-atrophic gastritis-gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the injury of intestinal mucosal induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and the protect effects of ulinastatin,a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI).Methods Thirty male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation (SO) group,ischemia 45 minutes and reperfusion 6 hours (I/R) group,UTI-treated group(UTI).Using clamping and then releasing the superior mesenteric artery the model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats was made.UTI group was given UTI 2×104 U/kg by administering intravenously 30 minutes before the operation.while the groups SO and I/R were intravenously injected with saline.Blood,intestinal tissue and lymph node were obtained 6 hours after reperfusion.The level of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP),Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α),Nitric Oxide(NO),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO)and the rate of bacterial translocation (BT) in each group were examined.Intestinal tissue samples were also taken for histological analysis by light microscopy and electron microscopy.Results The content of IFABP,TNF-α,NO,MDA and MPO were significantly lower in group UTI than in group L/R [IFABP(520.87±75.41)pg/ml vs(1493.57±136.35)pg/ml,NO(58.97±7.06) μmol/L vs(95.15±9.13) μmol/L,TNF-α(15.38±1.70)pg/ml to(23.55±4.34)pg/ml,MDA(4.5±1.1)nmol/mg vs(9.2±2.6)nmol/mg,MPO(1.98±0.22)U/g vs(3.02±0.55)U/g,SOD(77.08±BT between the group UTI and I/R(P＜0.05).Histological changes showed that milder damage of intestinal mucosal in group UTI as to group I/R.Conclusion Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion may result in intestinal mucosal damage.Mechanism may be involved in the release of abnormal TNF-α,NO,reactive oxygen and activated PMN;UTI can protect intestinal mucosal against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury,which may be associated with inhibiting the release of NO and TNF-a,ameliorating reactive oxygen damage,and decreasing the aggregation and activation of PMNS.

Objective To estimate the effect of teprenone on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)70 and c-fos in stomach following prednisolone ingestion.Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly into 5 equal groups:normal control group,undergoing gastric perfusion of normal saline (NS) for 7 days,and since the 4 th day undergoing fasting for 4 days;model control group,undergoing gastric perfusion of NS for 7 days,and since the 4 th day undergoing fasting and subcutaneous injection of prednisolone 40 mg/kg for 4 days;and 3 model therapy groups,undergoing gastric perfusion with low,middle,and high dose of teprenone(50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg,and 200 mg/kg respectively)for 7 days and undergoing fasting and subcutaneous injection of prednisolone 40 mg/kg since the 4 th day.Twenty-four hours after the last administration of drugs,the rats were killed with their stomachs taken out.The gastric ulcer index (UI) was measured.HE staining was used to observe the injury index of the gastric mucosa.The mRNA expression of HSP70 in the gastric tissue was semi-quantitatively detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.The protein expression of c-fos in the gastric tissue was detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results The injury index of the gastric mucosa of the model control group was 5.5,significantly higher than that of the normal control group(0,P=0.000),and the injury indexes of the 3 teprenone groups were all significantly lower than that of the model control group dose-dependently(all P＜0.01).The UI of the model control group was 44.5,significantly higher than that of the normal control group(0,P=0.000),and the UI valnes of the 3 teprenone groups were 32.5.23.0,and 23.0 respectively,all significantly lower than that of the model control group dose-dependently (all P＜0.01).The expression value of c-fos of the model control group was 42±8,significantly higher than that of the normal control group(P＜0.01),and that expression values of c-fos of the 3 teprenone groups were all significantly lower than that of the model control groups dose-dependently (all P＜0.01).The expression value of HSP70 mRNA of the model control group was 0.22±0.03.significantly higher than that of the normal control group(0.04±0.02,P＜0.01),and the expression values of HSP70 mRNA of the 3 teprenone groups were 0.36±0.05,0.41±0.09,and 0.49±0.05 respectively,all significantly higher than that of the model control group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Teprenone is Pretreatment with teprenone,beneficial cytoprotective agent of gastric mucosa,has a gastroprotective effect against steroid-induced mucosal damage to a certain extent with the mechanism related to c-fos and HSP70 l level in the gastric mucosa.

Objective To understand the infection and epidemiology of norovirus and rotavirus and enteral adenovirus among adult with sporadic viral gastroenteritis in Beijing and provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and control.Methods Stool specimens were collected from all 312 sporadic outpatient among adult with non-cholera watery diarrhea in Infectious Disease Department of Peking University People's Hospital 2005-2006.PAGE were used for detection of rotavirus RNA in stool specimens:R-Biopharm RIDASCREEN norovirus and RIDASCREEN adenovirus were used for detection of norovirus and adenovirus.Resuits Rotavirus RNA was not present in all 312 stool specimens:Norovirus was present in 17.6%(22/125)and in 32.4%(11/34)in October;Adenovirus was present in 3.3%(3/92);Mixed infections of norovirus and adenovirus was present in 1 stool specimen.Conclusions Norovirus is more common etiologic agents of sporadic acute viral gastroenteritis among adult in Beijing.The infection peak of norovirus is in autumn.Maybe the infection of rotavirus is few.

Objective To establish a duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay for urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio,and to evaluate its effect in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).Methods Urine samples were obtained from 34 patients with PCa and 44 patients with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) by prostate massage.A duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay was developed:PCR primers were designed to amplify the fragments between the exon1 and exon2 in the PSA mRNA and between the exon1 and exon3 in the DD3 mRNA.and the PCR TaqMan-MGB probes were labeled with HEX and FAM respectively in 5'for PSA mRNA.LNCaP cells were used as template.DD3/PSA mRNA ratio was measured.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn so as to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy.Results Sequencing showed that the PCR products were specific for PSA mRNA and DD3 mRNA.The minimum detection level was approximately 0.6 cells/reaction for PSA mRNA and was 60 cells/reaction for DD3 mRNA in the LNCaP cell cDNA.The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation of DD3/PSA mRNA were 3.8%～4.7% and 4.1%～4.9% respectively.Urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio in PCa group was significantly higher than the BPH group(P＜0.01).When the cutoff value was defined as 0.254,the area under curve (AUC) of DD3/PSA mRNA ratio was 0.746(95% CI:0.630～0.862).and the sensitivity and specificity were 64.7% and 77.3% respectively.The urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio positive rate was not correlated with clinical and pathological parameters.Conclusion A duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay for urine DD3/PSA mRNA ratio has been established with an excellent clinical performance and specificity for PCa,saving time and reducing costs.It may be a promising method in the early diagnosis of PCa.

Objective To determinate the correlation of aquaporin 1(AQP1) with hypoxiainducible 1(HIF 1).Methods 155 samples of breast cancer obtained during radical mastectomy underwent immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of AQP1 and HIF1.Rrsults The positive rate of AQP1 in the HIF1 positive group was 297±25,significantly higher than that of HIF1 negative group(168±38.P＜0.001).Condusion AQP1 is positively correlated with HIF1.The interaction of AQP1 and HIF1 may co-regulate the progress of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of different treatment protocols on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with bone marrow involvement (BMI).Methods The clinical data of 148 patients of NHL with BMI,108 undergoing CHOP regimen,51 undergoing dose-intensive CHOP regimens,13 undergoing CHOP regimen+rituximab,and 27 undergoing hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after CHOP protocol with remission.The curative effects were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1)The response rate (RR) for the whole group was 80.4%,with a complete remission (CR) rate of 60.7%.The response rate of the patients treated with the dose-intensive regimens (dose-intensive group) was 84.3%,significantly higher than that of the patients treated with standard CHOP regimen (64.1%,P＜0.05).(2)The 3-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates and progress-free survival (PFS) of the B-cell NHL patients who underwent HSCT+Rituximab treatment (Rituximab combined with chemotherapy) were significantly higher than those of the dose-intensive group and CHOP group,and the 3-and 5-year OS rates and PFS of the dose-intensive group were all significantly higher than those of the CHOP group(all P＜0.05).(3)The 3-and 5-year OS rates,and PFS of the T-cell NHL patients who underwent HSCT group and dose-intensive CHOP were all significantly higher than those patients who underwent CHOP regimen(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Superior survival may benefit from Dose-intensive regimens and HSCT,may be good choices for the patients with NHLBMI,a group of heterogeneous malignancies with poor prognosis.And combined chemotherapy with Rituximab treatment remarkably raises the effect for CD20+ B-cell NHLBMI.

Objective To study the gene mutations of homeobox transcription factor (CSX/NKX2.5) associated with a Chinese family with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to check all the members in the family with ASD,including 3 ASD patients and 10 non-patients,with the proband from Hunan province;and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to check 126 normal control people for detecting the mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene.Results Three heterozygous mutation [G270A (Glu32Lys),G378A (Glu68Lys) and G390A(Glu72Lys)] were identified in the CSX/NKX2.5 gene of the ASD patients.However,the other members in the family with ASD patients and the controls did not have such gene mutations.Conclusion The above mentioned mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene identified in a Chinese family may be one of the secundum ASD etiologic causes.

Objective To investigate the value of various MR imaging sequences for the assessment of articular cartilage and to determine the most optional sequence.Methods MR sagittal scanning of knee joints were performed in nine fresh bovine models.MR scan sequences consisted of TSE-T1 WI,TSE-T2 WI,TSE-PDWI,3D-FFE-T1 WI,3D-BFFE,TSE-T1 WI-SPIR,TSE-T2 WI-SPIR,TSE-PDWI-SPIR,3D-FFE-SPIR,3D-FFE-WATS,3D-FFE-MTC,3D-BFFE-WATS.The signal noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) between cartilage and adjacent tissue were calculated and compared.The knees of fifteen healthy volunteers were imaged with the selective MR sequences and the SNR,CNR and their efficiency were calculated and analyzed statistically.Results In bovine knee models,the cartilage SNR was higher in the sequences which attached SPIR,WATS and MTC than that of without these techniques.There was a statistically significant difference.The CNR between cartilage and adjacent tissue was also higher in the former.In healthy volunteers,the cartilage SNR was better in 3D-FFE-SPIR,3D-FFE-WATS,3D-BFFE-WATS.CNR between cartilage and bone,marrow,muscle,fat were better in 3D-FFE-SPIR,3D-FFE-WATS,3D-BFFE-WATS;CNR between cartilage and liquid was better in 3D-FFE-WATS,TSE-T2WI-SPIR,TSE-PDWI-SPIR;CNR between cartilage and meniscus,ligament was better in 3D-FFE-SPIR,3D-BFFE-WATS,TSE-PDWI-SPIR.The SNR and CNR efficiency were higher in 3D-FFE-WATS,3D-BFFE-WATS,3D-FFE-SPIR.There was a statistical difference between these sequences and others (P＜0.01).The cartilage SNR and CNR between cartilage and bone,muscle of 3D-FFE-SPIR weren't significantly higher than that of 3D-FFE-WATS (P＞0.05);CNR between cartilage and liquid,marrow,fat were higher in 3D-FFE-WATS and significantly different than that of 3D-FFE-SPIR (P＜0.01).Conclusion Articular cartilage SNR and CNR between cartilage and its surrounding tissue are higher in sequences attached SPIR,WATS,so fat suppress technique should routinely be used in clinical cartilage examination.WATS has high scan speed and suppress the fat signal evenly,so it can substitute SPIR.3D-FFE-WATS is one of the most sensitive sequences in showing cartilage shape and detecting its injury.The cartilage SNR,the CNR between cartilage and adiacent tissue and their efficiency are high in 3D-BFFE-WATS and it can be used in the clinical examination.

Objective To prospectively evaluate the current situation of blood pressure control in the type 2 diabetics in some regions of China.Methods Totally 5063 consecutive patients with hypertension were investigated.Among them 1993 with diabetes underwent baseline survey.Individualized target blood pressures were set by physicians.Four follow-up visits,in weeks 2,4,8,and 12 were performed to monitor the achievements of these targets and the reasons for not modifying antihypertensive treatments were analyzed when the blood pressure goals were not reached.Results The prevalence of diabetes among the hypertensive patients was 39.2%.The target blood pressure values defined by the physicians at baseline survey varied with the grade and degree of hypertension.31.4% of the patients reached the target blood pressure goals(BP＜130/80 mm Hg)at week 12.The reasons for not intensifying antihypertensive treatment when the blood pressure targets were not achieved were manifold.The main reasons were as follows:the physicians considered that the BP value was close to the target,longer treatment and waiting for full drug effect were needed,etc.On average,2 different antihypertensive agents were used to achieve BP target and some patients used 4-5 different drugs.The most frequent agents used were angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist and calcium channel blockers.The use of thiazide-type diuretics increased from the first visit to the last visit (weeks 12).Conclusion The co-prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in China is high and the target blood pressure set by physician is almost 130/80 mm Hg as defined in guidelines.Only about 31.4% of patients have reached their goals 12 weeks after treatment.There are many subjective and objective reasons responsible for not intensifying antihypertensive treatment when the blood pressure targets are not achieved.Hypertension in diabetes is poorly controlled compared with that in the whole population.

：Objective To evaluatethe status of medical therapy in the revascularized coronary artery disease (CAD) patientstreated in Anzhen Hospital.Methods 2048 CAD patients who received revascularization duringJuly 2003 to June 2004 were registered in DESIRE database.The methods of revascularization[percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)] anduse of medicines [aspirin,βblocker(BB),statins,angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) etc] during hospitalizationand during the follow-up were recorded.The patients were followed up for a mean time of587±127 days.Results The prescription rates of aspirin,BB,statins,and ACEI were93.9%,88.9%,67.7%,and 62.9% respectively.58.9% of the patients used combinedaspirin,BB,and statins:and 39.7% of the patients used combined aspirin,BB,statins,andACEI.The prescription rates of these drugs was all significantly higher in the PCI groupthan in the CABG group (all P＜0.001).The prescription ratesof these drugs during follow-up were 90.8%,57.4%,43.0%,and 24.5% respectively,allsignificantly lower than those during hospitalization (all P＜0.001).The prescription ratesof these medicines were all significantly higher in Beijing compared with in the areasother than Beijing (all P＜0.001).Conclusion The CAD patients who receivedrevascularization show a high proportion of using secondary prevention drugs duringhospitalization,and the prescription rates of these drugs decrease significandy duringfollow-up,especially in those who received CABG and who live outside Beijing.

Objective To investigate the gene expression pattern of human keratinocytes (KCs) after arotinoid trometamol (AT) treatment.Methods Human keratinocytes (KCs) of the line HaCat were cultured.AT(10-6 mol/L) was added in the culture fluid for 24 h.A gene chip containing 4000 cDNA clones was used to identify the differentially expressed genes in the HaCat cells,and then the results were verified by real-time PCR.Results Gene chip hybridization showed that 580 of the 4000 full-length human cDNA exhibited differential expression (≥2-fold);253 genes with complete annotation were identified,including 143 genes up-regulated and 110 genes down-regulated.The differentially expressed genes mainly participated into the processes of cell cycle and immunology.Conclusion Microarry technology helps study the third generation of retinoid acid induced gene expression pattern in human KCs in a high through-put way.AT can be used to treat psoriasis by regulating some processes,such as the cell cycle,inflammation,etc.

Objective To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human prostate carcinoma cells induced by raloxifene (RAL).Methods Human prostate carcinoma cells of the line PC3 were cultured.RAL of the concentrations of 10-4,10-5,10-6,and 10-7 mol/L were added into the culture fluid.MTT method was used to detect the inhibitory rate of the PC3 proliferation.RAL of the concentrations of 10-6 mol/L or 10-6 mol/L+ 10 μmol/L PD98059,a MEK1/2 inhibitor.and 10-6 mol/L RAL+10 μmol/L SB203580.JNK inhibitor,and RAL+SB203580,a p38 inhibitor were added respectively for 48 h,and the flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the cell cycle.The cell apoptosis percentage was measured by TUNEL staining.The activation of extra cellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK),and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38),and the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,phospho-Bcl-2(p-Bcl-2),and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting.The expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) α,Erβ,cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (P21WAF1).and cyclinD1 mRNA were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results A dose-dependent proliferation inhibition of RAL was demonstrated in the PC3 cells.A G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were induced in the PC3 cells exposed to 10-6 mol/L RAL.10-6 mol/L RAL induced the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 with different time courses,but it did not induce the activation of JNK.Suppression ERK1/2 activation by treatment with PD98059 or p38 activation by treatment with SB203580 attenuated the cell-cycle arrest at the G1 phase respectively.48 h after the treatment of 10-6 mol/L RAL the PC3 cells was arrested at G1 stage,however,48 h after the treatment of 10-6 mol/L RAL +10 μmol/L PD98059 and 10-6 mol/L RAL +10 μmol/L SB203580 the degree of PC3 cell arrest at the G1 stage was lower.18 h after the treatment of 10-6 mol/L RAL,the expressions of cyrclinD1 and P21WAF1 gene were(0.50±0.02) and (4.48±0.12)times that of the control group,and the expressions of cyclinD1 and P21WAF1 gene of the SB203580 pretreatment group and SB203580 pretreatment groups were (2.36±0.08) and (4.50±0.03) times,and (0.49±0.02) and (1.77±0.06)times respectively.48 h after treatment with 10-6 mol/L RAL,,the apoptosis rates were 22.9%±1.5%,significantly higher than those of the 10-6 mol/L RAL +10 μmol/L PD98059 and 10-6 mol/L RAL +10 μmol/L SB203580 groups (15.2%±1.8% and 9.7%±0.6% respectively,both P＜0.05).The expression of Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 (control,10-6 mol/L raloxifene,10-6 mol/L raloxifene +10 μmol/L PD98059 and 10-6 mol/L raloxifene +10 μmol/L SB203580) was 1,0.33±0.02,0.34±0.01,0.81±0.05;1,3.14±0.02,1.67±0.11,3.15±0.03;1,4.16±0.02,2.66±0.03,1.80±0.06,respectively.Western blotting showed that 48 h after the treatment of 10-6 mol/L RAL the expression of Bcl-2 decreased,and the expression of caspace-3 increased.Pretreatment with PD98059 inhibited the increase of caspase-3 and Bax expression induced by RAL.1.5 h after the treatment with RAL the p-Bcl-2 expression increased remarkable,pretreatment with SB203580 inhibited the p-Bcl-2 expression induced by RAL,and however,PD98059 did not show such effect.Conclusion RAL inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest via MAPK cascades in human prostate carcinoma cells. Up-regulation of P21WAF1 mRNA expression by activating ERK1/2 and down-regulation of cyclinD1 by activating p38 induces G1 cell cycle arrest in the human prostate carcinoma cells.The ERK1/2 or p38 cascade is involved in the induction of apoptosis by RAL.The activation of ERK1/2 increases the expression of Bax.The activation of p38 phosphorylates Bcl-2 then inactivates Bcl-2.

Objective To study the effects of fenofibrate (FF),a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α activator,on the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) mRNA in liver and muscle and its influence on insulin sensitivity.Methods Thirty-two normal 8 week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,fed with normal food for 3 weeks (NC group,n=10),high fat diet group,fed with high fat food (HF group,n=10),and high fat diet supplemented group,n=12).Fast serum triglyceride (TG) level was tested by automatic biochemical analyzer after 8～10 h fasting.Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp method was used to calculate the glucose infusion rate (GIR) so as to evaluate the insulin sensitivity.By the end of experiment the rats were killed with their internal organs taken out.The triglyceride (TG) contents of liver and skeletal muscle were measured using Folch method.Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression.of CPT-1 in the liver and skeletal muscles.Results As compared with the NC group.the TG levels of serum,liver,and skeletal muscle of the HF group were higher than those of the NC group by 0.45-fold,2.14-fold,and 10.64-fold respectively.liver of the HF group was not significantly different from that of the NC group(P＞0.05);the expression of CPT-1 mRNA in skeletal muscle of the HF group was lower than that of the NC group by 71%(P＜0.01).The CPT-1 mRNA expression in liver and skeletal muscle of the FF group were significantly higher than those of the HF group by 1.00 and 1.05 times respectively(both P＜05).The GIR was negatively correlated with the levels in the liver(r=-0.87.P＜0.01)and in the skeletal muscle (r=-0.78,P＜0.01).Conclusion Fenofibrate promotes the oxygenation of fatty acids by up-regulating the CPT-1 mRNA expression in the liver and skeletal muscles,thus improving the insulin sensitivity.

At present, infectious diseases have a tendency to wreak havoc all over the world, especially viral infectious diseases. Among the new pathogenic microorganisms and infectious diseases confirmed in the world in recent 30 years, 52.7% are caused by viruses [1].

A 23-year-old woman developed fever, no fear of cold, low back pain and abdominal pain 9 months ago, and soft tissue mass appeared on the abdominal wall. Lung biopsy and abdominal wall mass excision in other hospital were considered as juvenile xanthogranuloma. After treatment, she was discharged from hospital, and her condition was recurrent.

Most patients with chronic disease (ChD) suffer from enhanced acute phase response (APR) and chronic phase response (CPR), enhanced inflammatory response and excessive inflammatory response, and metabolic syndrome [1] strongly associated with increased deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE) in tissues.

A 59-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to "dry mouth, polydipsia, easy hunger and polyphagia for 3 months, and skin ulcer on the neck and back for 1 month". The patient developed dry mouth and polydipsia without obvious trigger 3 months before admission, drinking about 3 L of water daily, accompanied by easy hunger and polydipsia, without weight change, and no diagnosis and treatment.

A 24-year-old male was seen in a local hospital due to sudden upper abdominal pain for 14 h. The blood pressure was measured at 90/40 mm Hg, and there was no coagulation after abdominal puncture. B-ultrasound showed solid occupation of the left lobe of the liver and peritoneal effusion. He was transferred to our hospital on April 26, 2007 with the diagnosis of "rupture and hemorrhage of liver cancer".