Volume 87  ·   Issue 46  ·  2007

In the past 10 years, the most development of imaging medicine is the progress of CT technology, from single-slice spiral CT to 2-slice, 4-slice, 8-slice, 16-slice, to 64-slice CT at present, showing the characteristics of doubling development in technology; In clinic, it has changed from simple horizontal axis image diagnosis to color three-dimensional image diagnosis with real display of vivo anatomical structure. For many diseases, it has developed from general diagnosis application to the first choice method in the past, which has led to great changes in clinical diagnosis and treatment process. Several articles published in this issue on the clinical application of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) have discussed the significance of clinical application of MSCT from different systematic disease diagnosis angles. Obviously, this is only one aspect of the progress of CT application.

A 58-year-old male patient was found to have an abdominal mass on physical examination 10 years ago, without abdominal pain, abdominal distension and other discomfort. Physical examination showed that the left abdomen was obviously swollen, and a mass could be palpable, with a size of 35cm ×30 cm. The upper pole was unclear, and the lower pole reached the left iliac fossa, with clear boundary, hard texture, no tenderness, and inability to move. All abdominal muscles were soft, no tenderness, mobile voiced sound (-), no percussion pain in the liver, spleen and two kidneys, normal intestinal sound, and no dilatation of superficial blood vessels in the abdominal wall. Blood, urine and stool tests showed no abnormalities. Abdominal plain film (Figure 1) showed a huge mass shadow in the left middle and upper abdomen, with unclear boundary, uneven density, scattered irregular calcification foci, and pneumatic intestinal curvature shadow was pushed to the right and lower abdomen.

Objective to investigate the imaging characteristics and clinical value of 16-slice spiral CT multiplanar reconstruction of obturator nerve in the same slice. Methods Sixty adult volunteers with normal obturator nerve and 31 patients with obturator neuropathy were selected. The lumbar spine was scanned by Light speed 16-slice spiral CT manufactured by GE Company of the United States. The obturator nerve was reconstructed in the same slice at ADW4.1 in the format of UNIX system DICOM. The imaging anatomical characteristics of the same slice were observed and the main abnormal manifestations of the lesions were analyzed. Results 16-slice spiral CT could show the overall shape, thickness, running direction, length, adjacent relationship and tension state of the obturator nerve from the origin to the pelvic obturator in the same slice in the oblique coronal plane and the oblique sagittal external rotation plane. Conclusion 16-slice spiral CT multiplanar reconstruction can ideally display the anatomical characteristics from the origin of obturator nerve to the obturator of pelvis and the basic manifestations under the disease in the same slice. It has very important application value in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical obturator nerve-related diseases.

Objective to evaluate the value of multi-slice CT (MDCT) in the diagnosis and hemodynamic study of gastric varices (GV) in patients with portal hypertension by comparing with gastroscopy and direct portal venography (DSA). Methods 36 patients with portal hypertension diagnosed with GV by gastroscopy were examined with dynamic enhanced MDCT and DSA in the upper abdomen within 2 weeks after endoscopy, and CT portal vein imaging (CTP) was performed after CT scan. Three experienced imaging physicians, independent CT reading, Kappa (k) test was used to compare the consistency of submucosal GV and perigastric GV diagnosed by three observers. The three physicians jointly evaluated the size and location of GV, the supply and drainage veins of GV, and compared with the results of gastroscopy and DSA. According to the classification of GV, the differences of blood supply and drainage path of different types of GV were compared. Results the number of submucosal GV diagnosed by three observers reached 34 cases (94.4%). All 36 patients were diagnosed by three observers (100%), and the consistency of diagnosing submucosal GV (k =0.85) and perigastric GV (k =1.0) was good. The coincidence rate between MDCT and gastroscopy in diagnosing the size and location of GV reached 86.1% and 88.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive value of GV supply and drainage path showed by CTP reached more than 80%. Posterior gastric vein and short gastric vein were involved in gastric varices (gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices Drainage through azygos system to superior vena cava is the main drainage path of GEV1 (100%), and drainage through gastrorenal shunt to inferior vena cava is the main drainage path of gastric varices (82.4%). Conclusion Multi-slice CT can be used as an important method for diagnosing submucosal GV and perigastric GV, and can clearly show the size, location and hemodynamics of varicose veins.

Objective to analyze the range of CT values of different pathological types of atherosclerotic plaques in isolated coronary arteries, and to explore the feasibility of using CT values for qualitative diagnosis of different types of atherosclerotic plaques. Methods Twenty-five isolated heart specimens were selected, among which 9 cases with atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries were diluted with contrast medium, injected into the coronary artery specimens, and the specimens were scanned by 16-slice and 64-slice spiral CT machines, respectively. After the CT values of the found atherosclerotic plaques were measured, the sections were made and pathological classification was performed. Results A total of 38 coronary atherosclerotic plaques were found by CT. By comparison with pathology, it was concluded that when the CT value of lumen was about 370 HU, the average CT value of soft plaques, fibrous plaques and calcified plaques was (53 ± 12) HU, (106 ± 17) HU, (429 ± 94) HU; The mean CT values of soft plaque, fibrous plaque and calcified plaque were (51±13) HU, (110±19) HU and (435±87) HU. The CT values of soft plaque were significantly lower than those of fibrous plaque and fibrous plaque were significantly lower than those of calcified plaque. The CT values of 16-slice and 64-slice spiral CT for the three types of plaque were not significantly different. Conclusion CT can be used to evaluate coronary atherosclerotic plaque non-invasively. CT value is a valuable index for differentiating different types of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, and it is of great significance for differential diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.

Objective to evaluate the accuracy of 64-slice spiral CT (64-MSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods 64-slice MSCT coronary angiography (CTA) and angiography (CAG) were performed in 61 patients with suspected coronary artery disease within 5-20 days. Among them, 52 males and 9 females, with an average age of 58 ± 11 years. The quality of coronary angiography was evaluated according to the 4-point standard of right coronary artery, left main artery, left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery, respectively. The degree of coronary artery stenosis of CTA and CAG was 50% as the boundary, and the above four vessels were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, false positive and false negative indicators of MSCT in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis ≥50% and<50% were compared and analyzed. According to the composition of plaques, they were divided into two groups: calcified and non-calcified plaques, and the luminal stenosis caused by the two were analyzed and compared respectively. Results All 61 patients obtained excellent coronary artery imaging, and the coronary artery imaging quality score was (3.57 ± 0.18) points. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis were 95.45%, 96.15%, 3.85%, 4.55%, 93.33% and 97.40%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of significant stenosis caused by calcified plaque are 83.33% and 31.57%, respectively. Conclusion 64-MSCT can accurately display the stenosis caused by coronary artery sclerosis, and can be used for non-invasive examination of coronary heart disease, but the specificity for judging luminal stenosis caused by calcified plaque is low.

Objective to investigate the mortality and death risk factors of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome in pediatric intensive care units in China.Methods the critical cases of pediatric critical case score and the American Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission and discharge guidelines were used to screen the critical cases of children aged 29 d ~14 years in 25 PICU hospitals from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2004. The diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among hospitalized patients was carried out using the American and European standards in 1994. Results There were 7269 critical cases, 105 ARDS cases, 64 deaths, the prevalence rate was 1.44%, the mortality rate was 62.9% and the 24-hour mortality rate was 35.9%, respectively. The relative risk of death was 9.0 times of the average level of PICU. Logistic model analysis showed that chest radiograph infiltration at onset, pediatric critical case score and arterial blood dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) could be regarded as the independent correlation factors of death of ARDS (P values were 0.004, 0.001 and 0.030, respectively). Conclusion Pediatric ARDS is a critical disease with high mortality rate in PICU in China, and the chest radiograph infiltration at onset, pediatric critical case score and PaCO2 were the main risk factors of death.

Objective to study the drug resistance variation of HIV-1 genotype in children treated with HAART in a certain area of China, and to provide reference laboratory data for clinical treatment of HIV-1 infected children.Methods RT-PCR and nested PCR were used to amplify the amino acids of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene (RT) from the plasma of 20 HIV-1 infected children who failed to treat HAART. The PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed, and the drug resistance gene variation in these two regions was analyzed by HIV db database provided by Stanford University website. Results (1) According to the genotyping results of RT region, all 20 children were B subtype; (2) 20, 15 and 13 children were highly resistant to NVP, DLV and EFV, respectively; There were 7 cases and 5 cases with high and moderate resistance to AZT, respectively; Five children developed a potential low-moderate drug resistance mutation to 3TC, while 11 children developed a high drug resistance mutation; In addition, 19 children showed different degree of drug resistance mutation against ABC and 12 children showed different degree of drug resistance mutation against TDF. Conclusion the emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutant strains is one of the main reasons for the failure of antiviral therapy in children. For HIV-1 children under antiviral therapy, the drug resistance mutation should be monitored in time, the drug resistance mutation should be detected early, and the antiviral therapy drugs should be changed in time to achieve the real virus suppression effect.

Objective to investigate the expression of long-type leptin receptor (OB-RL) and shortest membrane-bound leptin receptor (OB-RS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese and normal weight subjects. Methods Mononuclear cells were obtained from 30 obese subjects (body mass index>25 kg/m2) and 20 normal weight subjects (body mass index<23 kg/m2). The total RNA in the cells was extracted by TRIZOL and other isolating reagents. The expression levels of OB-RS and OB-RL were quantitatively studied by RT-PCR, and the levels of leptin in serum of subjects were detected by radioimmunoassay. OB-RL expression was observed in 38 subjects, but no OB-RL mRNA expression was observed in 12 obese subjects (BMI>39 kg/m2). The expression of OB-RL was at least 4 times higher than that of OB-RL in all subjects, and there was no difference between men and females. The expression levels of OB-RL and OB-RL were significantly lower than that of normal body weight in obese subjects, and the serum leptin level was significantly higher (6.08 ng/ml or 31.21 ng/ml). There was a significant negative correlation between the expression level of leptin receptor and body mass index and serum leptin level. Conclusion There was no sex difference in the expression of OB-RL and OB-RL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and OB-RS had significant advantages.

Objective to investigate the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and renal function and left ventricular hypertrophy in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods the level of whole blood brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was detected by double antibody sandwich immunofluorescence assay in 203 non-dialysis patients with CKD and 16 controls, and its relationship with renal function and left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) was analyzed. Results BNP levels increased gradually with the decrease of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [9.35 (7.35-15.00) vs 54.40 (15.10-173.00) ng/L, P<0.01]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that BNP levels and eGFR were negatively correlated in CKD patients (r = -0.417, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that eGFR was an independent risk factor affecting BNP levels (β = -0.293, P<0.01). lgBNP levels increased by 0.293 ng/L for every 1 ml·min-1 · (1.73m2) -1 decrease in lgGFR. Compared with the control group, the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in non-dialysis patients with CKD increased significantly (53.2% vs 10.0%, P<0.05), and the blood BNP level in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy increased significantly [93.05 (37.70-272.00) vs 17.30 (7.20-63.70) ng/L, P<0.01]. LVMI was also one of the main reasons affecting the level of BNP (β =0.266, P<0.01), and the level of lgBNP increased by 0.266 ng/L for every 1 g/m increase in lgLVMI. Conclusion In non-dialysis patients with CKD, the decrease of eGFR can up-regulate BNP level. Although renal insufficiency can partially interfere with BNP concentration, left ventricular hypertrophy can still be an independent risk factor affecting the increase of BNP level.

Objective to investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment experience and outcome of delayed nephrotic syndrome (NS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and to analyze the possible pathogenic factors. Methods 167 patients with hematological malignancies who survived more than 3 months after allo-HSCT from February 2001 to August 2006 were analyzed and summarized. The clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics and treatment response of delayed NS were analyzed. The relationship between gender, age, transplantation mode, pretreatment scheme, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching, donor-recipient relationship, acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD), chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and cytomegalovirus antigen (CMV-Ag) and delayed NS were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 11.0 statistical software, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Among 167 allo-HSCT patients, 5 patients developed delayed NS, the incidence rate was 2.99%, including membranous nephropathy (MGN) in 4 cases and minimal lesion nephropathy (MCD) in 4 cases The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the occurrence of delayed NS after transplantation and sex, age, transplantation mode, pretreatment scheme, HLA matching, donor-recipient relationship, aGVHD, cGVHD and CMV-Ag. Conclusion MGN was the main pathology of delayed NS after allo-HSCT, followed by MCD. The pathogenesis of delayed NS after allo-HSCT may be related to humoral immune abnormalities, and the treatment with glucocorticoid combined with cyclophosphamide has some efficacy.

Objective to investigate the value of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the follow-up and diagnosis of biliary tract-related complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods 166 patients after orthotopic liver transplantation underwent MRC examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The 3D thin-slice original images, 2D thick-slice single excitation images and MIP reconstruction images were comprehensively analyzed. The diagnostic results of MRC were compared with the diagnostic criteria. Results The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic coincidence rate, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRC were 98.4%, 81.6%, 87.9%, 76.5% and 98.8% in the diagnosis of biliary tract-related complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. In the follow-up group of 104 cases without clinical abnormalities, MRC showed normal and abnormal in 73 cases and 31 cases, respectively. In the follow-up group of 62 cases with clinical abnormalities, MRC showed normal and abnormal in 12 cases and 50 cases, respectively. MRC diagnosed 41 cases of anastomotic stenosis, 8 cases of segmental non-anastomotic stenosis, 12 cases of biliary calculi and cholestasis, 2 cases of bile leakage, 3 cases of cholangitis, MRC showed edema of portal area after orthotopic liver transplantation in 11 cases. Conclusion MRC can show many types of biliary tract-related complications after orthotopic liver transplantation, and provide important imaging information for follow-up monitoring, early detection and guiding treatment after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Objective to evaluate the clinical value of CT-guided 125I seed implantation in the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer. Methods Thirty-two patients (group A) with locally advanced lung cancer who were not controlled by first-line chemotherapy were implanted with 125I seed under CT guidance. The number of lesions in 32 patients was 48, and there was a clear boundary between all lesions and normal tissues, with the maximum diameter of 4.5~7.5 cm and the average of 5.5 cm. All cases were confirmed by pathology. The source intensity of radioactive 125I particles was 23.3~30.0 MBq, and the tumor-matched peripheral dose was 100~150 Gy. The source was calculated by TPS, and 125I particles were implanted into the tumor foci under CT guidance. In the control group, 30 cases of locally advanced lung cancer (group B) were randomly selected from first-line chemotherapy. Results After CT reexamination 2 months, the local control rate of group A was 78.1%, the one-year survival rate was 65.0%, the median survival time was 15 months, and there was a small amount of exudation in the lung during operation; Pneumothorax occurred in 4 cases, and the pulmonary compression was all within 30%, which improved after conservative treatment; The local control rate of group B was 43.3%, the one-year survival rate was 48.0%, the median survival time was 11 months, and the incidence of bone marrow suppression was 46.3%. The difference between them was statistically significant. Conclusion Radioactive seed implantation is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer with good clinical efficacy, low complication rate, obvious improvement of quality of life and good short-term effect.

Objective to investigate the relationship between Her-2 overexpression and endocrine status in breast cancer and the sensitivity of patients to tamoxifen therapy. Methods 4773 patients with primary breast cancer in Tianjin Cancer Hospital from July 2002 to November 2005, aged 15-92 years, with a median age of 50 years, were collected. All of them were confirmed by surgical resection and pathological histology. 1090 patients received tamoxifen-adjuvant endocrine therapy after operation. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her-2, p53 and PCNA were detected by immunohistochemical SP method. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Results Her-2 overexpression accounted for 26.6%. Her-2 overexpression was not related to menopausal status. (1) The 3-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) of patients taking tamoxifen endocrine therapy was 92.7%, the 3-year DFS of Her-2 overexpression was 91.2%, and the 3-year DFS of Her-2 negative patients was 93.4% (P =0.04). (2) The 3-year DFS of premenopausal Her-2 overexpression was 91.8%, and the 3-year DFS of Her-2 negative patients was 92.5% (P>0.05). The 3-year DFS of postmenopausal Her-2 overexpression was 90.4%, and the 3-year DFS of Her-2 negative patients was 92.6% (P =0.010). (3) In the axillary lymph node positive group, the 3-year DFS of Her-2 overexpression was 89.1%, and the 3-year DFS of Her-2 negative patients was 92.3% (P =0.037). (4) In the premenopausal patients, the 3-year DFS of Her-2 overexpression was 92.1%, and the 3-year DFS of Her-2 negative patients was 93.4% (P>0.05). The 3-year DFS was 90.25% in the axillary lymph node positive group and 92.36% in the Her-2 negative group (P>0.05). In the postmenopausal patients, 92.1% in the axillary lymph node negative group and 93.9% in the Her-2 negative group (P>0.05). In the axillary lymph node positive group, Her-2 overexpression was 88.7%, while Her-2 negative was 92.2% (P =0.0069). Conclusion ER and PR expression were the independent influencing factors of Her-2 expression.HER-2 overexpression suggested that the patients were insensitive to tamoxifen endocrine therapy.However, the sensitivity to tamoxifen in premenopausal patients was not affected by Her-2 expression level and axillary lymph node metastasis status; Tamoxifen sensitivity in postmenopausal patients with negative lymph nodes was not affected by Her-2 expression levels.

Objective to investigate the therapeutic methods and efficacy of surgical resection and immediate reconstruction of orbital neurofibroma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 cases (26 eyes) of orbital neurofibroma admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2002 to December 2005. The clinical data and follow-up results of tumor resection and immediate reconstruction were collected. According to the Jackson classification method, 12 cases of orbital neurofibroma were classified as type Ⅰ, 10 cases of type Ⅱ and 4 cases of type Ⅲ. After partial or subtotal tumor resection, according to the deformity of eyelid and orbit, the patients of type Ⅰ were subjected to blepharoplasty, including eyelid shortening, lateral canthal ligament fixation, lateral canthoplasty and ptosis correction, Type III patients underwent blepharoplasty, orbital reconstruction combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) orbit implantation or preservation of eyeball without vision function. The follow-up period was 12~30 months. Results No rapid tumor growth was observed in 26 patients after partial or subtotal tumor resection. The visual acuity was improved in 10 patients, and the visual acuity remained unchanged in 12 patients. The appearance of 26 patients was good after blepharoplasty, and 2 of them were re-operated due to recurrence of blepharoptosis. The appearance and protrusion of the orbit were basically symmetrical with the contralateral eye after orbital reconstruction in 10 patients. The appearance of 2 patients after HA orbit implantation was good after follow-up. No serious complications occurred in 26 patients. Conclusion Partial or subtotal resection of orbital neurofibroma is completely effective. Immediate resection of eyelid, orbit and eyeball according to different types of tumors can achieve joint improvement of appearance and/or function.

Objective to study the relationship between serum uric acid and insulin resistance.Methods Using the data obtained by stratified random sampling from natural population in Beijing in 1999, the relationship between serum uric acid, insulin sensitivity index (IAI) and insulin resistance was analyzed in 1056 people aged 35-64 years old. Results (1) The median level of IAI decreased with the increase of serum uric acid level, and the median of IAI in the group with the highest serum uric acid level was 0.027, which was 32.5% lower than that in the lowest group. (2) The prevalence of insulin resistance increased with the increase of serum uric acid level (x2=17.475, P<0.001), and the prevalence of insulin resistance in the group with the highest serum uric acid level was 33.9%, which was 2.46 times that in the lowest group. (3) The association between serum uric acid and insulin resistance still existed after adjusting for gender, age and the main components of metabolic syndrome by multivariate Logistic regression analysis (OR =1.201, P =0.004). Conclusion There is an association between serum uric acid and insulin resistance, And independent of gender, age and the main components in metabolic syndrome. The role of abnormal uric acid metabolism in the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome should be paid attention to.

Objective to investigate the advantages of artificial nerve catheter constructed by combining Schwann cells transfected with collagen cell-derived nerve growth factor (GDNF) gene and polylactic acid/polyhydroxyacetic acid (PLGA) tube in repairing facial nerve defects. Methods Schwann cells were cultured from brachial plexus and sciatic nerve of neonatal rats by double enzyme digestion, and PcDNA3.1 (+) /GDNF plasmid was transferred into Schwann cells through liposomes. Bioactive artificial nerve catheter was constructed with PLGA tube. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the facial nerve defects were repaired by direct suture (Group A), untransfected Schwann cells and PLGA tube (Group B), and transfected Schwann cells and PLGA tube (Group C). Gross observation, facial nerve electromyography, myelinated nerve fiber count and myelin thickness were measured at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after operation. Results The facial nerve electromyography in Group C recovered faster than that in Group A and B, and the differences were statistically significant; The myelinated nerve fiber count and myelin sheath thickness in group C were higher than those in group A and B, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Bioactive artificial nerve catheter constructed by GDNF gene transfected Schwann cells and PLGA tube has obvious advantages in repairing facial nerve defects.

Objective to observe the effects of aspirin on nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κ B) -DNA binding activity, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression, AS plaque area and vascular intima thickness in atherosclerotic (AS) rabbits, and to explore the anti-AS mechanism of aspirin. Methods Thirty-six male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), high fat control group (HC) and aspirin group (HC + A). At the end of the experiment, blood lipid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, NF-κ B-DNA binding activity in aortic tissue, COX-2 protein expression, aortic neointima thickness and AS plaque area in each group were detected by enzymatic method, solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrophoretic migration technique, immunohistochemical technique and morphological method, respectively. Results Blood lipid and hs-CRP levels, NF-κ B-DNA binding activity, COX-2 protein expression, arterial neointima thickness and AS plaque area in HC and HC + A groups There was no significant difference in blood lipid levels between HC + A group and HC group (P>0.05), but the levels of hs-CRP [(5.14±0.32) μ g/ml vs (9.39±0.79) μ g/ml, P<0.05], NF-κ B-DNA binding activity [(14.6±2.7) μ g/ml vs (32.4±4.7) μ g/ml, P<0.05], COX-2 There were significant differences in protein expression [(0.342±0.02 vs 0.572±0.061, P<0.05)], angiogenic intima thickness [(165±24) μ m vs (337±64) μ m (P<0.05)] and AS plaque area [(24.3±7.6) % vs (49.5±21.3) %, (P<0.05)]. Conclusion Aspirin can exert anti-AS effects by inhibiting NF-κ B-DNA binding activity, reducing hs-CRP level and attenuating COX-2 protein expression.

Recent studies have shown that a class of non-coding RNA molecules called small RNAs control many functions of eukaryotic cells, affecting gene expression, cell cycle regulation and ontogeny and other behaviors [1-4]. Small RNAs refer to regulatory RNA molecules of 21-28 nt, mainly including ① microRNA (miRNA), ② small interfering RNA (siRNA), ③ other small RNAs: non-coding RNAs such as ribosome switch and antisense nucleic acid. Small RNAs have very important regulatory functions and have become international research hotspots [5]. Because miRNAs have important regulatory functions on ontogeny, miRNAs have become research hotspots in the field of developmental biology. This paper will briefly review the role of miRNAs in heart development.

Hepatitis A is an acute inflammatory disease of the liver caused by hepatitis A virus, which is transmitted by fecal-oral route, and the incubation period is 15~50 d (average 28 d). In the United States, immunoglobulin is the only recommended drug for post-exposure prevention of hepatitis A, and the market demand is large. Data from immunogenic studies, animal experiments and phase 3 clinical studies show that hepatitis A vaccine may be equally effective after exposure to hepatitis A virus. The advantages of hepatitis A vaccine and immunoglobulin include long-term protection, convenient injection and easy access. At present, there is no experimental study directly comparing the role of hepatitis A vaccine and immunoglobulin in post-exposure prevention. Therefore, Victor JC et al. conducted a randomized double-blind clinical trial to compare the preventive effect of hepatitis A vaccine and immunoglobulin on hepatitis A after exposure to hepatitis A patients, which was published in N Engl J Med, Vol. 357, Issue 17, Oct. 25, 2007.

Objective to establish an orthotopic liver tumor implantation model of hypermetastatic lung adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC-M-GFP) labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, and to investigate the feasibility and influencing factors of observing tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis by fluorescence imaging.Methods Two nude BALB/c nu/nu mice were subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of 107/ml ACC-M-GFP cell suspension in their upper limbs. When the tumor nodule diameter approached 0.5cm, the subcutaneous mass was cut into 1 mm3 tumor mass, and implanted into the left lobe of liver by tunnel embedding method.From the fourth week, the tumor growth, metastasis and tumor angiogenesis were observed by whole fluorescence imaging system and stereo fluorescence microscope every 2 weeks. After each observation, one nude mouse was randomly sacrificed, and the liver, lung and adjacent organs, such as mediastinal lymph nodes, were taken out to observe the organs by fluorescence imaging. The liver tumor tissues were serially frozen and sectioned, and the tumor angiogenesis was directly observed under fluorescence microscope. The fluorescence imaging results were compared with those of conventional paraffin section stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Results All 8 nude mice were successfully implanted with orthotopic liver tumors. Fluorescence of tumor can be observed directly through the skin from 8 to 10 weeks; From 12 to 14 weeks, the tumor was huge, and the metastatic fluorescence of abdominal organs could be observed; Lung metastasis and lymph node metastasis were observed from 16 to 18 weeks, and tumor angiogenesis was observed at 4 weeks after liver tumor implantation under stereofluorescence microscope; After 12~14 weeks, a large number of abundant tumor vessels were observed under stereofluorescence microscope, which showed dendritic black stripes under green background, and the tumor vessels showed black tubular structure under green background after frozen section by fluorescence microscope. Conclusion Fluorescence imaging can realize the real-time dynamic observation of the growth, invasion, metastasis and tumor angiogenesis of liver tumors.

An 11-year-old male suffered from epileptic seizures for 8 years, mostly with simple partial seizures of right lower limb convulsions, and occasionally with simple partial secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures of general body convulsions and spasms; The scalp combined with electroencephalogram synchronization function (EEG) indicated that the left temporoparietal was the main one, with bilateral hemispheric asynchronous frequent 3.5~4.5 c/s spikes and slow spikes; The patient underwent combined EEG synchronous functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) examination (Brain Products 32-lead MR compatible EEG system and GE-Signa 1.5 Tesla superconducting MR instrument). The EEG acquisition frequency was 5000 Hz, and the data were filtered by Brain Vision Analyzer1.05 software to detect epileptic spikes.