Volume 87  ·   Issue 38  ·  2007

In recent years, with the rapid development of life science and technology, people's understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney disease has made great progress. The research level has developed from organ and tissue to cell and molecule level, and the research on the role of cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and chemokines in kidney disease is increasingly in depth.

Objective to investigate the effect of atorvastatin (ATOR) on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) under the effect of high glucose and its mechanism.Methods PMC were isolated and cultured by trypsin digestion, and were identified into groups: (1) 0.1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 4.25% glucose groups; (2) 1.5% glucose for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 12, 24, 48 h; (3) Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (5, 10, 25, 50 μ mol/L) was pre-incubated for 2 h, and 1.5% glucose was added for 3 h; (4) ATOR (0.1, 1, 10 mmol/L) was pre-incubated for 24 h, then 1.5% glucose was added for 3 h. The expressions of MCP-1, I κ B α and p65 were detected by Western blot; The expression of MCP-1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Results Normal PMC expressed MCP-1; 1.5% glucose decreased I κ B α in PMC (P<0.05), increased p65 in nucleus (P<0.01), increased MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression (all P<0.05), and 4.25% glucose had the greatest effect (P<0.01); After 1.5% glucose treatment for 0.5 h, I κ B α in PMC decreased (P<0.05) and p65 in nucleus increased (P<0.01), and reached the peak at 3 h (P<0.01); MCP-1 mRNA increased significantly at 1 h (P<0.01), MCP-1 protein expression increased at 3 h (P<0.01), and the highest expression at 48 h (P<0.01). 5 μ mol/L PDTC inhibited the expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein induced by high glucose (P<0.05), and the highest effect of 50 μ mol/L PDTC (P<0.01). 0.1 mmol/L ATOR could inhibit the decrease of I κ B α (P<0.05), the increase of p65 in the nucleus (P<0.01) and the expression of MCP-1 mRNA and protein (P<0.05) under high glucose, and the strongest effect was 10 mmol/LATOR (P<0.01). Conclusion High glucose induced the expression of MCP-1 in PMC through NF-κ B signaling pathway in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. Atorvastatin could inhibit the expression of MCP-1 in PMC by inhibiting NF-κ B signaling pathway.

Objective There are few reports of large sample clinical investigation data on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CKD in hospitalized patients in Class III A hospitals. Methods The medical records of all adult patients (≥18 years old) who were hospitalized in Nanjing Zhongda Hospital (Class III A) from September 2004 to August 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 16 946 medical records were included. Excluding the medical records without renal function examination and the medical records of the same patient who were hospitalized repeatedly, 13 383 medical records were validly selected, including 6215 males and 7168 females. The patients' sex, age, history of hypertension and diabetes, smoking history, blood pressure, renal function, uric acid, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood lipid, urine protein and other indexes were observed. CKD was defined according to the standard of NKF-K/DOQI guideline, and eGFR was calculated by simplified MDRD formula. Results the prevalence rate of CKD in this study was 14.82%, and the proportion of patients with CKD stage 1-5 was 3.33%, 2.49%, 7.07%, 1.08% and 0.86%, respectively. The positive rate of urine protein was 8.87%, and the positive rate of elderly patients was higher than that of young and middle-aged patients (P<0.001). Hypertension, diabetes and primary glomerular disease were the main causes of CKD, accounting for 29.49%, 11.64% and 4.39%, respectively. 39.06% of CKD patients failed to make the diagnosis of CKD during hospitalization, and they were all patients with CKD stage 1-3. Logistic regression suggested that hypertension, diabetes and aging were important risk factors for CKD. Conclusion CKD is a common chronic disease in adult hospitalized patients, and the elderly are high risk factors

Objective to study the antagonistic effect of cordyceps powder on renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy (CAAN) model rats.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and cordyceps group; 6 rats in each group. Body weight, urine glucose, urine protein quantity and serum creatinine (SCr) of rats were measured at the end of 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively; Rats were sacrificed at the end of the 12th week, and the renal tissues were collected. Masson staining was performed to observe the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis. The mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) and collagen type Ⅰ (COL Ⅰ) in renal tissues were detected by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results the urine protein quantification and SCr of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05); The area of renal interstitial fibrosis increased significantly at 12 weeks (P<0.01); Compared with the control group, the mRNA expressions of TGF-β 1, CTGF, PAI-1, TIMP-1 and Col Ⅰ were up-regulated by 4.19, 2.66, 6.12, 3.09 and 7.03 folds, respectively. The protein expression was up-regulated by 2.31, 3.53, 3.17, 3.18 and 6.87 folds, respectively.The urine protein quantification, SCr and renal interstitial fibrosis area of rats in the Cordyceps group were significantly lower than those in the model group at 12th week (P<0.05), and the above high expression mRNA and protein indexes were significantly inhibited (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expressions of TGF-β 1, CTGF, PAI-1, TIMP-1 and Col Ⅰ in the kidney tissue of rats in the Cordyceps group were down-regulated by 45%, 41%, 47%, 48% and 67%, respectively. Conclusion Cordyceps powder can improve renal interstitial fibrosis and renal function in CAAN by inhibiting the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) promoting factors (TGF-β 1, CTGF) and anti-ECM degrading factors (TIMP-1, PAI-1) in renal tissue.

Objective to investigate the relationship between the prolongation of electrocardiogram Q-T interval (Q-Tc) and the severity and prognosis of liver cirrhosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods the electrocardiogram Q-Tc of 126 patients with liver cirrhosis and 126 healthy controls were compared; Patients with liver cirrhosis were classified according to Child-Pugh grade, and the indexes of electrocardiogram Q-Tc, prothrombin time (PT), serum albumin (ALB), serum total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum potassium and serum calcium were observed. The electrocardiogram Q-Tc and the above biochemical indexes of 20 patients with advanced cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation were observed before and after operation. Results the Q-Tc of patients with cirrhosis was significantly longer than that of healthy controls (P<0.01); The difference of Q-Tc between grade A and grade B and C was statistically significant (all P<0.01), but the difference between grade B and C was not statistically significant. Linear correlation analysis showed positive correlation between Q-Tc and Child integral (r =0.56, P<0.05); In 20 patients with preoperative Q-T prolongation, Q-Tc returned to normal in 17 patients and shortened significantly in 3 patients. Conclusion Q-Tc prolongation exists in patients with liver cirrhosis, and the abnormal rate of Q-Tc increases with the increase of the severity of the disease, which often returns to normal after liver transplantation.

Objective to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of non-specific peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL-U), and to explore the improvement of treatment methods.Methods 78 cases of PTCL-U with complete case data were collected from 1995 to 2004. All cases were pathologically classified according to the revised European and American lymphoma classification (REAL classification) and WHO 2001 classification, and the clinical treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results At the time of diagnosis, the median age was 39 (9-75) years old, 58 males and 20 females. The clinical stages were stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ, 59% stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ, 50.2% extranodal involvement, 38.0% increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 29.5% extranodal invasion, 37.2% had B symptoms, and 62.8% had international prognostic index (IPI) ≥2 points. There were 34 patients with first-line chemoradiotherapy, 43 patients with first-line chemotherapy, and 1 patient with radiotherapy alone. After the first course of treatment, the complete remission rate was 55.1%, the partial remission rate was 25.6%, and the progression + stable rate was 19.2%. Thirteen patients underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after first-line treatment. The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 58 (1-116) months. The 5-year overall survival rate and the progression-free survival rate of the whole group were 41.4% and 33.8%. The 5-year overall survival rate of the transplanted patients after remission was 61.5% (52.3% in the conventional dose, P =0.894). Univariate analysis showed that the adverse prognostic factors included stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ lesions, increased LDH, bone marrow invasion, and poor behavioral status. Multivariate analysis showed that the increase of LDH was an independent adverse prognostic factor. IPI and PTCL-U prognostic index can predict survival. Conclusion PTCL-U is mostly advanced and extranodal, and the treatment effect of middle-risk and high-risk patients is poor. ASCT after first-line treatment is safe and feasible, and new first-line treatment needs to be explored

Objective to investigate the expression of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) gene in bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry, TUNEL and tissue microarray were used to detect the expression of PAK1 gene in 100 cases of bladder metastatic cell carcinoma and 30 cases of adjacent normal bladder mucosal tissues and its relationship with apoptosis. Results all normal bladder mucosal tissues showed negative or low level of PAK1 protein expression. In addition, the expression of PAK1 protein was negatively correlated with the apoptosis index of bladder transitional cell carcinoma in this group (P<0.05). Conclusion The up-regulation of PAK1 protein in bladder transitional cell carcinoma may be partly due to its anti-apoptotic effect, which plays an important role in the development of tumor; Overexpression of PAK1 is closely related to the malignant histological phenotype of bladder transitional cell carcinoma, and it can be used as one of the molecular markers to assess the malignancy of this tumor.

Objective to observe the efficacy and safety of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients. Methods 95 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy were screened according to Michigan Neuropathy Screening Method (MNSI) and symptoms. After the levels of serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and CRP at baseline were measured, they were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n =52): ALA 600 mg added in 250 ml normal saline intravenously, once a day for 14 days; In the control group (n =43), 20 ml of salvia miltiorrhiza was added to 250 ml of normal saline by intravenous infusion once a day for 14 days. The total symptom score (TSS), MNSI and symptom improvement were evaluated and recorded before, 7 days and 14 days after treatment. Results 50 patients in the treatment group and 43 patients in the control group completed the study. At 7 days of ALA treatment, TSS decreased significantly compared with the control group, but MNSI score reflecting physical signs did not change much; After 14 days of ALA treatment, the scores of TSS and MNSI were significantly lower than those before treatment (both P<0.01), and TSS was further lower than that in the same group after 7 days of treatment (P<0.05). The scores of sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling and burning were also significantly lower than those before treatment and the control group during the same period (P<0.05). The overall satisfaction of patients in the treatment group was 90%, while only 13.95% in the control group were satisfied with the curative effect (P<0.01).

Objective to compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOEST) technique (LC-IOEST) and LC combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) technique (LC-LCBDE) in the treatment of gallstones combined with extrahepatic bile duct stones, and to explore the best minimally invasive treatment plan for this disease. Methods 275 patients with gallstones combined with extrahepatic bile duct stones diagnosed by B-ultrasound or MRCP before operation and intraoperative cholangiography were randomly divided into two groups: LC-IOEST (129 cases) and LC-LCBDE (146 cases). The operation time, operation success rate, stone residual rate, near-term complications, postoperative hospital stay and medical expenses were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in the operation time, operation success rate, stone residual rate, near-term complications, postoperative hospital stay and medical expenses between the two groups

Objective to analyze the dynamic changes of primary tumor hypoxia before treatment and during and at the end of treatment and their relationship with tumor regression.Methods Sixty-two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with 99Tcm-4,9-diazo3,3,10,10-tetramethyldodecane-2,22-diketodioxime (99Tcm-HL91) hypoxia imaging and simulated CT scanning before, during and at the end of treatment. (1) The hypoxia status and dynamic changes of primary tumor were analyzed by visual and semi-quantitative radioactivity count ratio (T + /N); (2) The relationship between the degree of hypoxia before treatment and the dynamic changes of the course of treatment and the tumor regression was analyzed. Results Visual inspection showed that 56 cases of hypoxia were positive before treatment, 8 cases and 19 cases were negative at the end of treatment, respectively; Semi-quantitative method showed that the T + /N values of the same cases were gradually decreased before, during and at the end of treatment (F =109.073, P =0.000). The tumor regression rate of the patients with severe hypoxia (T + /N ≥1.52) before treatment was significantly lower than that of the patients with mild hypoxia (T + /N<1.52) (P =0.019 and 0.000) and the patients with hypoxia negative (P =0.038 and 0.000). The changes of T + /N values during and at the end of treatment were positively correlated with the tumor regression rate in the corresponding period (r =0.587, P =0.003 and r =0.655, P =0.001). Conclusion The hypoxia of the primary tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was gradually reduced or disappeared with the progress of treatment. The degree of hypoxia before treatment and its changes during treatment were correlated with the tumor regression rate.

Objective to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with chromosomal structural abnormalities. Methods 584 patients with MDS with analyzable cytogenetic data were re-diagnosed and classified according to WHO criteria. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results the incidence of chromosomal structural abnormalities in MDS patients was 7.4%. The common chromosomal structural abnormalities were i (17) (q10), t (1; 3) (p36; q21), der (1; 7) (q10; p10) and der (22). The other 13 patients with chromosomal structural abnormalities have not been reported in literature so far. i (17) (q10) patients showed moderate to severe anemia, and bone marrow was prone to left shift of granulocyte nucleus, few granules, pseudo-Pelger-Hüet abnormalities and lymphoid megakaryocyte, most of which were simple karyotype abnormalities, and the prognosis was poor. t (1; 3) (p36; q21) patients showed macrocytic anemia, bone marrow granulocyte maturation disorder, high proportion of monocytes, pathological proliferation of megakaryocyte, and The patients with der (22) showed anemia, low platelets, few granules in bone marrow, pseudo-Pelger-Hüet abnormalities, uninuclear and dinuclear megakaryocytes, and translocation involving 22q11. Conclusion MDS with i (17) (q10), t (1; 3) (p36; q21) and der (1; 7) (q10; p10) may be an independent clinical pathogenetic disease, but der (22) needs to be further confirmed.

Objective to investigate the factors affecting expression and comprehension ability and provide evidence for the prevention and intervention of early language retardation. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by phased cluster sampling. From March to August 2005, 2794 children were surveyed by parental questionnaire in 8 administrative districts of Shanghai. The expression and comprehension scores of children were assessed by the Language Development Process Scale of Infants and Young Children and divided into groups. Statistical analysis was carried out according to Logistic Stepwise Regression Model. Results Among the 24 possible related factors of expression ability, 5 were meaningful. The factors that were not conducive to the development of language expression ability were: infrequent expression practice (OR =3.0257), reading silently instead of "looking at pictures and talking" (OR =2.0704), boys (OR =1.7778), watching TV without discussion (OR =1.4424), and reading books often after 1 1/2 years of age (OR =1.1576~2.0115). Among the 24 possible related factors of comprehension ability, 11 were meaningful. The factors that were not conducive to the development of comprehension ability were: father was a producer of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy (OR =17.0238), infrequent expression practice (OR The average time of watching TV was more than 2 hours a day (OR =1.6551), watching TV without discussion (OR =1.5344), caregivers and children had less communication (OR =1.1892), mothers' education level was lower than junior high school (OR =1.1870), boys (OR =1.6722), played with their peers less than 2 times a week on average (OR =1.1671), and began to read books frequently after 1 1/2 years of age (OR =1.0435~2.0228). Conclusion The related factors affecting language expression and language comprehension are both overlapping and not completely the same.

Objective to investigate the clinical effects, electrocardiogram and electrophysiological characteristics of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of ventricular outflow tract idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular premature contractions (PVC). Methods 105 patients with ventricular outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia were treated by pacing mapping, agitation mapping and non-contact mapping. Among them, 42 males and 63 females, aged 47 ± 16 (12~73) years, 27 cases were VT and 78 cases were PVC. Results (1) Of 105 patients, 97 cases were successful, 8 cases failed, the success rate was 93.3%. 15 cases recurred, and the recurrent cases were successful after re-ablation. (2) 84 cases originated from the right ventricular outflow tract and 21 cases from the left ventricular outflow tract. Among them, 16 cases originated from the supraaortic Valsalva left coronary sinus, 2 cases from the endocardium of the left ventricular outflow tract under the aortic valve, and 3 cases from the fibrous junction between the aortic valve and the mitral annulus. (3) Acute pericardial tamponade occurred in 1 case and small amount of pericardial effusion in 2 cases. Conclusion Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of ventricular outflow tract idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia

Objective to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of metabolic syndrome in patients with revascularization of different genders. Methods A single-center registry study (DESIRE) was conducted. All patients who underwent revascularization, stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2004 were selected. The clinical data were recorded, and the clinical adverse events during the follow-up were recorded in outpatient and telephone follow-up. The death of the patient was the follow-up termination, and the time of death was recorded. Results The corresponding clinical data were recorded in 2596 patients, among which the female (299 cases) were significantly higher than the male (840 cases) (50.9% vs 41.8%, P<0.0001). The follow-up time was 829 ± 373 days (15~1691 days), and the follow-up success was 80.8%. Among female patients, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and mortality rate of patients with metabolic syndrome increased (female: 12.1%, 6.9%, male: 10.6%, 5.1%, respectively), P =0.012]. Using Logistic regression analysis, after correcting for age, white blood cell and creatinine levels, it was found that, Hyperglycemia is the most important risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with metabolic syndrome (OR2.511, 95% CI 1.396~4.511, P =0.002). Conclusion In revascularization patients, the proportion of women with metabolic syndrome is significantly higher than that of men. The prognosis of female patients with metabolic syndrome is poor, and hyperglycemia in all components of metabolic syndrome is directly related to poor prognosis.

Objective to investigate the mechanism of selective injury of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in glaucoma. Methods the rat model of chronic intraocular hypertension was established by ligation of superior scleral vein combined with subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on retinal patches 1 week and 1 month after the establishment of the model. The expressions of glutamate receptor (GluR) 2 and neurofilament protein (NF) -68 were observed under laser confocal microscope. Results the ligation of superior scleral vein combined with subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil induced stable intraocular hypertension for a long time. The intraocular pressure of 12 eyes with intraocular hypertension was greater than 22 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) within 1 month. In the normal control group and intraocular hypertension group, large, medium and small diameter RGC could express NF-68, but the expression of NF-68 was more obvious in large diameter ganglion cells. In the normal control group, large RGC of rats lacked the expression of GluR2, while medium and small diameter RGC could mostly express GluR2. After 1 week of intraocular hypertension, NF-68 positive large diameter RGC still lacked the expression of GluR2; However, after 1 month of intraocular hypertension, residual large diameter RGCs with NF-68 positive began to express GluR2. Conclusion The vulnerability of large RGCs to intraocular hypertension may be related to its specific lack of GluR2 expression.

Objective to study the distribution of β-receptor in different parts of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Fourteen healthy breed dogs were randomly divided into MI group (7) and sham control group (7). The anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to create MI model. Four weeks after operation, tissue Doppler ultrasound was used to detect the movement velocity of myocardial tissue in the proximal base of the heart and the distal apex of the infarcted area and the adjacent non-infarcted area of the infarcted area. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of β 1 and β 2 receptor mRNA in the above sites. Results the tissue movement velocity in the fundus and apex of MI group was lower than that in the normal control group, and the inhibitory effect of tissue movement after intervention with β receptor blockers was lower than that in the normal control group, especially in the apex, which showed that the β receptor density in this site was decreased. RT-PCR showed that the expression of β 1 receptor mRNA in the fundus and apex of MI group was lower than that in the normal control group (0.82±0.03, 0.85±0.04), and the decrease in the fundus of heart was significantly lower than that in the apex, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the expression levels of β 2 receptor mRNA between the fundus of heart and the apex of the normal control group, and there was no significant change in the expression levels of β 1 receptor mRNA in the heart after MI, but there was no obvious abnormality in β 2 receptor, which caused a significant change in the proportion of β 1 and β 2 receptors in the apex.

Objective to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effect of silencing MAT1 gene by small interfering RNA (siRNA) synthesized by in vitro transcription on pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Siport-liposome (lipid) neutral cationic liposome was used to transfect human pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cells with double-stranded siRNA synthesized by in vitro transcription and labeled with Cy3 fluorescence. The effects on the growth and cell cycle curve of pancreatic cancer cells were observed. The expression levels of mRNA and protein after silencing MAT1 gene by siRNA were detected. The anti-tumor effect was observed by direct injection of siRNA in subcutaneous transplanted pancreatic cancer tumors in nude mice. Results Half of the four synthesized MAT1-siRNA sequences significantly inhibited the growth of BxPC3 cells. 83.9% of BxPC3 cells remained in G0/G1 phase, while only 59.86% in the blank control group (P<0.01). The levels of MAT1-mRNA and MAT1 protein were down-regulated by 80.12% after 48 h of MAT1-siRNA transfection in vitro, and 50.12% after 72 h of MAT1-siRNA transfection in vitro. The differences were statistically significant compared with the control groups (all P<0.01). The weight and volume of transplanted tumors in nude mice in MAT1-siRNA injection group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the tumor inhibition rate was 42.53%. Conclusion siRNA-mediated MAT1 gene silencing significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro experiments, and produced obvious tumor inhibition effect on subcutaneous transplanted pancreatic cancer tumors in nude mice in vivo experiments.

Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in the biliary system, and its malignant degree is high. Because of its atypical clinical manifestations, the symptoms are often similar to cholecystitis and gallbladder stones, the early diagnosis is difficult, the prognosis is poor, and the postoperative 5-year survival rate is less than 15% [1]. In recent years, the research on immunology of gallbladder carcinoma has attracted much attention, especially the cellular immunology of gallbladder carcinoma has become a hot spot, and great progress has been made.

Tribbles is a family of pseudoprotein kinases newly discovered in recent years. Its unique biological characteristics and its regulation of cell signaling pathways and biochemical processes in the development of cancer and diabetes have attracted widespread attention of researchers. Among them, the relationship between TRB3 and insulin resistance is particularly remarkable.

The Third National Consensus Meeting on Several Issues of Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) Infection was held in Lushan, Jiangxi Province from August 10 to 12, 2007. Academician Fan Daiming, Chairman of Gastroenterology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Professor Hu Pinjin, Vice Chairman and Deputy Leader of Hp Group, Professor Si Jianmin, Secretary Professor Wu Kaichun, Leader of Hp Group Professor Hu Fulian, Deputy Leaders of Hp Group Professor Lu Nonghua, Liu Wenzhong, Wang Jide, Professors Pan Guozong, Zhang Wandai, Wang Chongwen, Cheng Liufang and other experts and representatives of Hp Group/Research Collaboration Group attended the meeting.

An 11-year-old Uyghur female was diagnosed with yellow and dull hair, fair skin, severe mental retardation, serious delay in speech development, unstable gait, increased muscle tone, timid, inattention, strong rat odor in body and urine. The urine ferric chloride test was strongly positive. The child had no siblings, and her parents were in good health, and none of them had genetic history.

On August 23, 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the World Health Report 2007-Building a Safe Future: Global Public Health Security in the 21st Century in Geneva. The purpose of the report is to show the public how global public health collective action can build a safe future for mankind, which is the overall goal of global public health security. Global public health security is defined as predictive and reactive actions to minimize vulnerability to public health emergencies that endanger the health of public groups in different geographical regions and across countries.