Volume 86  ·   Issue 48  ·  2006

Objective to study the changes of optic neuropathy, optic nerve blood flow and microvascular permeability in diabetic rats.Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group.A diabetic model was prepared by one-time injection of streptozotocin into tail vein at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Three months later, the changes of optic nerve blood flow in diabetic patients were observed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging; The permeability of optic nerve microvessels in diabetic rats was detected by spectrophotometer after injection of 1.5% Evan's blue solution (1 ml/200 g) into the tail vein of rats, and the changes of optic nerve in diabetic rats were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results the fibers of optic nerve in diabetic rats were atrophied, the myelin sheath was obviously lost, the protrusions were swollen, and there was more astrocyte proliferation; The organelles of capillary endothelial cells in optic nerve decreased, and white blood cells were observed in soft membrane capillaries to aggregate and adhere to endothelial cells; The optic nerve blood flow (0.68 v ± 0.05 v) was lower than that of the control group (1.43 v ± 0.58 v) (P<0.01); The microvascular permeability increased 2.03 times compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion the pathological changes of optic nerve may be caused by the decrease of optic nerve blood flow and the increase of optic nerve microvascular permeability in diabetic rats at 3 months.

Objective to investigate the mechanism of bone marrow stromal cell injury induced by radiation. Methods BALB/c mice bone marrow stromal cell injury model was used in vitro, and the cell proliferation rate was detected by tetramethylazole salt colorimetric assay (MTT assay) at 24 h, 72 h, 1 week and 2 weeks after irradiation, respectively. The cell morphology was observed by Giemsa staining; The cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry; The percentage of senescence-related β-galactoside (SA-β-gal) positive cells was detected by cytochemistry; The gene expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors p21Cipl/Wafl and p53 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells decreased after irradiation with Gy60Co-γ rays; The results of flow cytometry showed that G0/G1 phase arrest occurred in bone marrow stromal cells after irradiation, and the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells increased from 66.95%±0.36% to 89.83%±0.05% (P<0.01). The cell volume increased and flattened; The percentage of SA-β-gal staining positive cells in the irradiated group (20.33%±0.03%, 34.33%±0.03%, 86.33%±0.02%, 95.67% ±0.02%) was significantly higher than that in the normal group at 24h, 72h, 1 week and 2 weeks after irradiation (P<0.01); The expression levels of p53 and p21Cipl/Wafl increased at 24 h or 72 h after irradiation, respectively, and lasted until two weeks after irradiation, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.01). Conclusion the early senescence of bone marrow stromal cells in mice was caused by γ-rays, and p53-p21Cipl/Wafl pathway may play an important role in it.

Objective to observe the effects of high glucose on the migration, proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Methods After D-glucose treatment at different concentrations (5, 15, 30 mmol/L), the migration, proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells were observed by in vitro "wound healing" experiment, cell proliferation kit and Matrigel gel lacking growth factor. The expressions of p85/PI3K, phosphorylated PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (threonine 308) and phosphorylated GSK3 β were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. The migration, proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells were observed in the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Results Compared with the 5 mmol/L D-glucose group (the number of cells migrating was 100/μ m2±23/μ m2 and the number of proliferating cells was 59 128/well ±7415/well), the migration of endothelial cells in the 15 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L D-glucose groups was significantly reduced (77/μ m2±18/μ m2 and 46/μ m2±18/um The expression of phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated Akt (threonine 308) and phosphorylated GSK3 β (all P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of glucose concentration (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). 0.1, 1 and 10 μ mol/L LY294002 inhibited the migration of endothelial cells (the cell migration rate was 68 μ m 2 ± 16 μ m2, 36 μ m 2 ± 12 μ m2 and 13 μ m 2 ± 3 μ m2, all P<0.01), the proliferation (the number of proliferating cells was 42560/well ± 4 213/well, 17 688/well ± 7 198/well and 5 74/well ± 558/well, all P<0.01) and the angiogenesis level (all P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the inhibitory effect increased with the increase of LY294002 concentration (all P<0.05). Conclusion High glucose may inhibit the migration, proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

Objective to investigate the effects of chronic iodine excess and iodine excess on thyroid function, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity, thyroid iodine uptake rate and expression of sodium-iodine co-transporter (NIS). Methods The rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, iodine-added group 1, iodine-added group 2 and iodine-added group 3. The daily iodine doses were 4, 6, 12 and 24 μ g, respectively. The animals were sacrificed in batches within 1 to 8 months. The urine iodine and thyroid tissue iodine contents were determined by arsenic and cerium catalytic spectrophotometry, the thyroid TPO activity was determined by potassium iodide oxidation method and guaiacol method, and the positive rate and expression intensity of NIS in thyroid cells were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results There was a significant positive correlation between urine iodine and iodine dose. The contents of TT4, TT3 and iodine in thyroid tissue increased significantly with the increase of iodine dose. The iodine uptake rate of thyroid in each iodized group decreased to 56%, 49% and 39% of the control group, respectively. The expression of NIS protein in thyroid epithelial cell membrane was significantly weakened at 8 months in the 3-fold and 6-fold iodine excess groups, and the content of thyroid iodine was negatively correlated with TPO activity, iodine uptake rate and NIS expression (r = -0.62~ -0.88).

Objective to compare the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in the prevention of neutropenia after chemotherapy. Methods A multicenter randomized self-crossover control was used. Patients with newly treated malignant tumors received two cycles of chemotherapy with the same regimen, including PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μ g/kg subcutaneously injected once in the trial cycle and rhG-CSF 5 μ g/kg subcutaneously injected once a day in the control cycle, until the absolute value of neutrophils (ANC) in peripheral blood reached a trough, and then two consecutive examinations were ≥5.0×109/L. Results The incidence of ANC<1.5×109/L was 30.00% and 20.00% in 103 trial cycles and 100 control cycles, respectively, and the duration was 2.39 d and 2.35 d, respectively. The incidence of ANC<0.5×109/L was 5.80% and 4.00%, respectively; The antibiotic use rates were 13.59% and 13.00% respectively (the above differences were not statistically significant); The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 0. The adverse reactions of test and control drugs were skeletal muscle pain, fatigue, fever, dizziness, etc. The incidence and severity were similar. Conclusion The efficacy and adverse reactions of one dose of PEG-rhG-CSF were similar to those of multiple dose of rhG-CSF.

Objective to evaluate the role of Nogo-A gene in the repair mechanism of optic nerve injury. Methods Nogo-A gene knockout mice combined with optic nerve injury were used as the experimental group (20 mice), and G57BL/6 mice combined with optic nerve injury were used as the control group (20 mice). Frozen sections of retina and optic nerve were prepared, and the expression of growth-related protein (GAP) -43 in retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve was detected by immunofluorescence technique. The retinal ganglion cells were cultured in vitro, stained with GAP-43, and the axon length of the cells was calculated by image analysis system. Results The expression of GAP-43 in optic nerve was significantly higher in the control group than in the control group at 1, 3 and 7 days after pinch injury (t =2.12, 3.56, 2.63, all P<0.01). Conclusion Nogo-A gene plays an important role in inhibiting axon regeneration after optic nerve injury.

Objective to study the expression and significance of microvessel density in gastric carcinoma tissues with multiple stages. Methods The samples were taken from the wax blocks of pathological tissues preserved in the Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University from June 2000 to February 2004, including 56 cases of chronic gastritis, 50 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis, 59 cases of intestinal metaplasia and 61 cases of atypical hyperplasia. Among the gastric cancer tissue specimens, 55 cases of gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis and 57 cases of gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis were detected by immunohistochemistry Envision method. Results The results of microvessel density measured by Envision method (individual/high magnification field, expressed by (x) ± s) were as follows: 13±10 in chronic gastritis group, 11±7 in chronic atrophic gastritis group, 13±9 in intestinal metaplasia group, 17±11 in dysplasia group, 27±11 in gastric cancer without lymph metastasis group and 28±10 in gastric cancer with lymph metastasis group. There was no significant difference between atrophic gastritis group, intestinal metaplasia group and atypical hyperplasia group (all P>0.05); Chronic gastritis group was lower than atypical hyperplasia group (P<0.05); The patients with chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia were lower than those with gastric cancer tissue without lymphatic metastasis and gastric cancer with lymphatic metastasis (all P<0.05); In the gastric cancer group, there was no significant difference between the gastric cancer tissue without lymphoid metastasis and the gastric cancer tissue with lymphoid metastasis (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in histopathological degree between the high and moderate differentiation group and the low differentiation group (P>0.05). Conclusion The increase of microvessel density in gastric cancer tissues with multiple carcinoma stages is related to the occurrence of gastric cancer, but not lymph node metastasis.

Objective to study the diurnal fluctuation trends of intraocular pressure and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in both eyes of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and normal subjects by dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and compare whether the fluctuation trends of both eyes are consistent. Methods Eighteen patients with POAG, 17 patients with NTG and 30 normal controls were from the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. The daily fluctuation curves of intraocular pressure and OPA were obtained by DCT measurement. The daily fluctuation amplitudes of OPA in the three groups were calculated, and the fluctuation patterns and peak distributions of intraocular pressure and OPA in the three groups were compared. Results The fluctuation patterns of intraocular pressure in DCT were different in patients with POAG, patients with NTG and normal controls, and the fluctuation trends of intraocular pressure in both eyes were different in some individuals. Among the 65 patients observed, the peak intraocular pressure in the non-office hours were 4 cases (13.3%) in the right eye and 6 cases (20.0%) in the left eye, 4 cases (23.5%) in the right eye and 5 cases (29.4%) in the left eye in the NTG patients, and POAG patients The fluctuation amplitude of OPA in normal subjects: right eye (1.1 ± 0.5) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa), left eye (1.2 ± 0.5) mm Hg; Patients with NTG: right eye (1.1±0.8) mm Hg, left eye (1.0±0.5) mm Hg; POAG patients: right eye (2.1±1.3) mm Hg, left eye (2.4±1.9) mm Hg, the difference of fluctuation amplitude is statistically significant, POAG patients showed a larger range of OPA fluctuation, conclusion POAG, NTG patients and normal subjects have a difference in OPA, there is a daily fluctuation of OPA, and the fluctuation amplitude is different in different populations, POAG patients showed a larger daily fluctuation of OPA; The fluctuation patterns of intraocular pressure and OPA in POAG, NTG patients and normal subjects were different, and the fluctuation trends of both eyes were different; Multiple intraocular pressure measurements during office hours cannot completely replace 1-day intraocular pressure monitoring.

Objective to evaluate the incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with adrenal cortical adenoma. Methods the metabolic syndrome related indexes (waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid and fasting blood glucose) were detected in 61 patients with adrenal aldosteronoma (group 1), 23 patients with cortisoloma (group 2) and 24 patients with non-functional tumor (group 3). The prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome in the four groups were 17 cases (27.9%), 9 cases (39.1%), 4 cases (16.7%) and 3 cases (11.5%), respectively. Abdominal obesity was 26.2% in aldosteronoma group and 39.1% in cortisoloma group, which was higher than that in non-functional tumor group (20.8%) and control group (15.4%). The prevalence rates of hypertension in the four groups were the highest in aldosteronoma group, followed by cortisoloma group, and the lowest in non-functional tumor group and control group (98.4%, 87.0% The prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders in the 4 groups was the highest in the cortisoloma group (65.2%), followed by the aldosteronoma group (44.3%), 39.1% in the non-functional tumor group and the lowest in the control group (30.8%); The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 13.1% (8 cases), 26.1% (6 cases), 8.7% (2 cases) and 7.7% (2 cases), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with adrenocortical adenoma was increased, such as hypertension, lipid metabolism disorder, hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity, especially in patients with cortisoloma, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its related symptoms was increased significantly in patients with aldosteronoma.

Objective to investigate the possible complex karyotype abnormalities of chromosome 21 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods A total of 50 patients with AML, including 37 adults and 13 children, were hybridized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with multiple site-specific DNA probes (full chromosome staining, special locus and two-color translocation fusion probes). Results Among 50 AML cases, 7 patients had chromosome 21 abnormalities (14%), including abnormalities in the number and structure of chromosome 21. Among them, 4 children with AML had chromosome 21 triploidy, and 1 case had complicated karyotype changes: 47~49, x, der (1) t (1; 17) (p36.1; q23), +4, +10, der (11) t (11; 17) (q23; q23), -17, -18, +20, +21.3 adults with AML had changes in the structure of chromosome 21, namely t (8; 21) (q22; q22). One patient had complex karyotype changes, namely der (21), t (8; 21) (q22; q22), dup (15q)

A 20-year-old male was admitted to hospital due to repeated hematochezia for 8 months and melena for 3 months. At birth, there was a blue plaque on the right upper forehead, about 0.5 cm ×0.5 cm in size, which gradually became larger and resected after several operations, but it recurred after resection.

In 1995, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) not only effectively controlled the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but also reconstructed the immune function of AIDS patients, which opened the door of hope for the treatment of AIDS. People once hoped that HAART could completely eliminate HIV in the body, so as to achieve the purpose of completely curing AIDS.

cytomegalvirus (CMV) is usually in a latent state after infection in normal people. When the immune function of the body is impaired or suppressed, the latent CMV may be activated. The immune system function of liver transplantation recipients is much lower than that of normal people after operation, and CMV is easily activated, which leads to severe CMV disease [1], and it is related to acute and chronic rejection after transplantation [2]. The main method to monitor the active CMV infection after transplantation is to determine whether CMVpp65 antigen appears in peripheral blood leukocytes-that is, CMV antigenemia [3]. Based on the experience of bone marrow transplantation and kidney transplantation [4], CMVpp65 is detected regularly and quantitatively in liver transplantation recipients after operation, and CMV infection is controlled by routine antiviral drugs. However, there are still many liver transplantation recipients who have CMV infection after operation. Is it related to some factors? We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence and factors of CMV antigenemia in liver transplant recipients in our hospital from 2001 to 2004, hoping to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and antiviral therapy.

Fundus Fluorescence Angiography has been widely used in China, and many adverse reactions of retinal fluorescein angiography (FFA) have been reported, while the incidence of adverse reactions of choroidal indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is very low, while the adverse reactions of synchronous angiography are rarely reported. With the increasing application of ICGA, fundus retinochoroidal synchronous fluorescence angiography will greatly improve the diagnosis rate of retinochoroidal diseases, which is of great significance for guiding the treatment of fundus diseases. In order to observe the incidence of adverse reactions of fundus retinochoroidal synchronous fluorescence angiography and whether it is higher than that of FFA or ICGA alone, 953 cases of synchronous angiography from March 2004 to May 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.

mifepristone (RU486) is a steroid hormone receptor antagonist. It has been shown in recent years that it has anti-tumor activity and can induce the apoptosis of some tumor cells, such as breast cancer and cervical cancer. However, the mechanism of its induction of apoptosis in tumor cells is not completely understood, and there are few studies on hormone-independent prostate cancer.

X-ray fluoroscopy and chest radiographs mostly use indirect signs to deduce foreign bodies in children.It is difficult to observe the exact location of foreign bodies (except positive foreign bodies), and the probability of misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis is higher. Two-dimensional CT images improve the detection rate of foreign bodies, but the shape, size and range of foreign bodies are not intuitive and stereoscopic [1]. Multi-slice CT volume roaming technology (VRT) is a new image post-processing technology, which can obtain clear anatomical images of bronchial trees. What is its value in the localization and diagnosis of foreign bodies in children? In this study, 25 cases of bronchial foreign bodies were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from October 2004 to December 2005, and all of them underwent thin-slice CT scan and VRT reconstruction to explore the diagnostic value of VRT.

A 53-year-old female was admitted to the hospital on November 24, 2005 due to pain and discomfort in the chest and back for 8 months and aggravated for 1 month. Eight months ago, the patient developed pain and discomfort in the chest and back without obvious trigger, numbness in both upper limbs, and night sweats with low fever from time to time. The pain aggravated one month ago and radiated to the chest and back and both upper limbs.

The patient was a 41-year-old female. She felt choking after eating for 2 months. There was no fever, night sweats and weight loss. Physical examination: general condition was good, the superficial lymph nodes of the whole body were not palpated, the heart and lungs were not abnormal, the abdomen was soft, the liver and spleen were not palpated. Blood routine and tumor markers were normal. Chest X-ray and abdominal B-ultrasound showed no abnormalities.