Volume 86  ·   Issue 12  ·  2006

Under the guidance of imaging technology, chemical or heating methods are used to directly act on focal solid tumors (single or multiple), and the treatment method of eradicating or destroying tumor tissue is called tumor ablation treatment [1]. This technology is a new minimally invasive tumor in situ inactivation technology developed after the advent of modern imaging technology (such as ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc.) in the 1970s, and has been rapidly popularized and applied in clinic.From the 1970s to the 1980s, chemical ablation methods, such as injecting absolute ethanol and acetic acid, were mainly used in clinical application, which can achieve complete necrosis of small liver cancer [2], but the controllability is poor, and it is necessary to repeat treatment many times, especially for larger tumors, which is difficult to achieve the preset purpose [3]. By the 1990s, thermal ablation therapy technology has risen rapidly, with the central purpose of requiring one treatment or a specific course of treatment according to the design to cause complete necrosis of the whole tumor [4]. This is a significant progress in non-surgical treatment of tumors. At present, the main methods of thermal ablation therapy in clinical application are: Radiofrequency, microwave, laser and high intensity focused ultrasound [5], the tumors treated have extended to solid tumors in all parts besides liver cancer, which can be described as developing rapidly, but there are also some problems, which deserve attention and research to solve.

Objective to investigate the feasibility of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy simultaneously after radical mastectomy for breast cancer.Methods 40 patients with radical mastectomy were randomly divided into two groups, 20 cases in each group.The study group received adjuvant chemotherapy for one cycle after operation, and adjuvant radiotherapy simultaneously in the second cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy; The control group was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for 1 cycle, then adjuvant radiotherapy, and then adjuvant chemotherapy for the remaining cycles. The side effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for 2, 3, 4 and 5 cycles were compared and followed up for 6 months after the end of adjuvant therapy. Results the leukocytes in the study group decreased significantly in the third cycle, and the oral mucositis in the study group was also obvious in the fourth cycle, and the difference was statistically significant compared with that in the control group (P<0.05); Other side effects such as skin reaction in radiotherapy area, gastrointestinal reaction, alopecia, joint pain, neurotoxicity and abnormal liver function were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in blood image, liver and kidney function, electrocardiogram and chest X-ray between the two groups after 6 months follow-up. Conclusion Patients with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy after breast-conserving radical mastectomy are tolerable, safe and feasible.

Objective to investigate the chemical induction method of rat liver cancer model and the operation technique of establishing liver transplantation model of liver cancer. Methods diethylnitrosamine (DENA) was used to induce liver cancer in rats; The model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats with liver cancer was established on the basis of Kamada's "two-cuff method" anastomosis, and the blood supply to the hepatic artery was reconstructed. Results After 18 weeks of cancer induction, the one-month survival rates of rats with induced liver cancer were 56.3% and 21.4%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=5.129, P<0.05). The success rate of liver transplantation in experimental group and control group was 87.5% and 90.0%. In the experimental group of liver transplantation, the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer after transplantation were mostly lung metastasis and abdominal metastasis, but only 2 cases of transplanted liver tumor recurrence; The difference of cumulative survival rate between liver transplantation experimental group and liver transplantation control group is statistically significant. Conclusion the method of DENA inducing liver cancer can induce relatively stable liver tumors in large quantities; Liver transplantation of liver cancer can significantly improve the survival rate of liver cancer rats; The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation to reconstruct hepatic arterial blood supply is an OLT model that is more consistent with physiology and tumor evolution.

Objective to introduce antisense CDK4 into human colon cancer cell line HT29 and observe its effect on the growth of tumor cells. Methods HT29 cells were transfected with lipofectamine, Northern blot, Western blot, morphology and flow cytometry were used to identify the effect of transfection. Results the transformed cells had antisense CDK4 expression, while the expression of endogenous CDK4 mRNA and protein synthesis were down-regulated, and the malignant behavior and phenotype of transformed cells were partially reversed, the cell growth was inhibited, the ability of soft agar colony formation was significantly reduced, and G1 phase arrest was revealed. HT29-asCDK4 cells had a high apoptosis rate. Conclusion antisense CDK4 gene can inhibit the growth and proliferation of HT29 cells and induce their apoptosis, which provides a new possible way for gene therapy of colorectal cancer.

Objective to investigate whether limb ischemic postconditioning can alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo, and to explore its mechanism.Methods The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was given 30 min ischemia and 180 min reperfusion in a New Zealand white rabbit myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model.All animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 in each group): (1) control group; (2) Myocardial ischemia preconditioning group; (3) Myocardial ischemia post-conditioning group; (4) limb ischemia post-conditioning group; Plasma phosphocreatine kinase (CK) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities were measured before, after and after reperfusion. The myocardial infarction area and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in myocardial tissues were measured after the experiment. Results the myocardial infarction area in myocardial ischemic preconditioning group, myocardial ischemic postconditioning group and limb ischemic postconditioning group were 15.5% ± 1.7%, 16.2% ± 2.0% and 17.1% ± 1.7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (31.5% ± 1.3%, P<0.01); The plasma CK activity at the end of 3 hours after reperfusion was 18.0 IU/g±1.6 IU/g and 45.6 IU/g±5.5 IU/g in the post-conditioning group and the control group, respectively (P<0.01); The MDA activity at the end of 3h after reperfusion in ischemic preconditioning group, ischemic postconditioning group and limb ischemic postconditioning group was 2.12 μ mol/ml ± 0.30 μ mol/ml, 2.17 μ mol/ml ± 0.24 μ mol/ml and 2.16 μ mol/ml ± 0.33 μ mol/ml, The aggregation degree of neutrophils in ischemic myocardium, that is, the activity of tissue MPO in myocardial ischemic preconditioning group, myocardial ischemic postconditioning group and limb ischemic postconditioning group was 1.43 U/100 g ± 0.32 U/100 g, 2.26 U/100 g ± 0.28 U/100 g and 2.45 U/100 g ± 0.28 U/100 g, Compared with the control group (5.44 U/100 g ± 0.46 U/100 g), all of them were significantly lower (P<0.01). Conclusion For ischemic myocardium, transient ischemia-reperfusion treatment of limbs before reperfusion has similar myocardial protective effects as myocardial ischemic preconditioning.This myocardial protective effect after ischemic conditioning of distant organs may be related to reducing the damage of reactive oxygen species and strengthening the antioxidant effect.

Objective to investigate the optimal treatment of hypoparathyroidism (HPT) with polyvalent cationic liposome-mediated pCKM-mPTH plasmid. Methods the protective effect of liposome on plasmid was determined by DNase Ⅰ sensitivity assay. The lipid complex and naked plasmid were transfected in vivo and in vitro. Cell culture medium and serum were collected, and the content of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was determined by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that when the ratio of lipid complex was 2:1, it had obvious protective effect on DNA. In the in vitro transfection experiment, the highest expression of PTH was 16.4 ± 4.8 pg/10 000 cells every 24 hours when the ratio of pCKM-mPTH was 3: 1, and the highest serum concentration of PTH was 35.9 pg/ml ± 2.2 pg/ml when the ratio of pCKM-mPTH was 20 μ g/100 μ L. Conclusion Compared with the naked plasmid, the multivalent cationic liposome is more suitable as a non-viral vector for HPT gene therapy, and the good efficacy of the recombinant plasmid pCKM-mPTH directly transfected into muscle depends on the proportion and dose of lipid complex.

Objective to investigate the potential causes of neutrophil apoptosis delay in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, so as to increase the understanding of the endogenous protective mechanism of systemic inflammatory response.Methods The concentrations of somatostatin in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of 5 monkeys in the control group and the experimental group were measured by radioimmunoassay; The morphological changes of peripheral blood neutrophils were observed after incubation with somatostatin, the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry, the DNA fragments of neutrophils were analyzed by electrophoresis, and the somatostatin receptors (SSTR-1, SSTR-2) on neutrophils were detected by biomolecular interaction system. Results After intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, the content of somatostatin in peripheral blood and small intestinal mucosa of macaques decreased significantly. The rate of neutrophil apoptosis decreased significantly from 15.4%±1.4% to 3.5%±0.5% (P<0.05); The apoptosis rate of peritoneal macrophages increased from 14.1%±1.7% to 20.2%±1.8% (P<0.05); In vitro experiments showed that somatostatin could reduce the volume of neutrophils, increase the cytoplasmic density, pyknosis of chromatin and decrease the nucleus; Neutrophil apoptosis rate (50.2% ± 1.8%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (20.0% ± 2.2%, P<0.01); Ladder band was observed by electrophoresis of neutrophil DNA fragment fragmentation analysis. Somatostatin receptor on neutrophils can bind to somatostatin receptor SSTR-1 antibody and SSTR-2 antibody, and their specific binding amounts are (548±20) RU/ml and (28±21) RU/ml, respectively. Conclusion Under physiological conditions, somatostatin induces apoptosis through somatostatin receptor mediated on peripheral blood neutrophils of rhesus monkey; After intestinal ischemia-reperfusion, the content of somatostatin in peripheral blood and small intestinal mucosa decreased significantly, which delayed neutrophil apoptosis and promoted the occurrence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Objective to compare the effects of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) gene therapy, bone marrow stem cell (MSC) transplantation and SERCA2a gene-modified cell transplantation on chronic ischemic heart failure, and to evaluate the feasibility of MSC as a cell carrier strategy for therapeutic genes. Methods HF rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: SERCA2a gene therapy group (group I, 7 rats), MSC cell transplantation group (group II, 7 rats), gene-modified cell transplantation group (group III, 8 rats) and adenovirus empty vector control group (group IV, 7 rats). The expression and activity of SERCA2a gene and protein in each group were detected. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. Ventricular morphology was observed by HE staining. Results The cardiac function and hemodynamics of group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly improved compared with control group Ⅳ. After treatment, the ventricular wall thickness and ventricular cavity of group Ⅱ (2.9 mm ± 0.2 mm) and group Ⅲ (3.0 mm ± 0.1 mm) increased and the ventricular cavity decreased.<On 21 days after treatment, EF was 19.7%±5.0%,21.4%±5.2%,26.6%±4.1%,and FS was 9.7%±2.5%,10.7%±2.6%,12.8%±2.2% in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ, respectively (P<There was no change in EF of group IV on 14 days after treatment, but decreased by 6.6%±4.0% on 21 days after treatment. The expression of SERCA2a gene, protein and enzyme activity in group I and group III were higher than those in group II and group IV (P<Conclusion MSC transplantation and SERCA2a gene-modified cell transplantation group showed a stable and sustained effect on improving cardiac function. MSC can be used as an effective transfer vector for therapeutic genes.

Objective to investigate the application of single stapler combined with valgus prolapse technique in anus-preserving surgery of early low rectal cancer, its indications and key points of operation. Methods 43 cases of early low rectal cancer undergoing anterior resection and anus-preserving surgery were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical technique, the experimental group was divided into two groups. The experimental group was subjected to valgus prolapse single stapler technique, while the control group was subjected to traditional double stapler anastomosis technique. The distance between the lower margin of tumor and the anal margin, local recurrence rate, complication rate, anal stool control function and surgical cost of the two groups were compared. Results The length of distal margin was 2.2 cm ± 0.2 cm in the experimental group, which was significantly larger than that of the control group (1.9 cm ± 0.4 cm) (P =0.006). The distance between dentate line and distal tangent line was 1.3 cm ± 0.3 cm in the experimental group and 1.9 cm ± 0.5 cm in the control group, which was significantly larger than that of the former (P<There was no local recurrence in the experimental group, but 3 patients in the control group had local recurrence within 1 year after surgery. The incidence of anastomotic fistula and the cost of surgical instruments in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and there was no significant difference in the function of anal stool control and air control between the two groups. In the experimental group, there was a small amount of fecal contamination around the anus at night, and the function of stool control and air control was good when awake.

Objective to investigate the clinical value of the new international TNM staging in analyzing the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Methods 5481 cases of colorectal carcinoma treated by surgery were selected and staged according to the 5th and 6th editions of TNM staging criteria respectively. The 5-year survival rate of each stage was analyzed by life table method. Results The 5-year survival rate of TNM staging was 80.1%, 68.0%, 40.5% and 9.8% in the 5th edition of stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, respectively; In the sixth edition, the 5-year survival rates of stages ⅡA and ⅡB were 71.6% and 66.4%, respectively, and those of stages ⅢA, ⅢB and ⅢC were 46.2%, 40.1% and 28.3%, respectively. The difference in 5-year survival rates between stages and substages was statistically significant, P<0.05. Conclusion The sixth edition of TNM staging pays more attention to the equivalent role of local tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis number in the prognosis of colorectal cancer. The staging is more precise, and the prognosis is more accurate. It is of high clinical practical value to guide patients with different sub-stages to carry out individualized comprehensive treatment.

Objective to investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and abnormal glucose regulation (IGR) among hospitalized patients and the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed diabetic patients, so as to improve the awareness and level of early prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus among medical staff in various departments. Methods One week before World Diabetes Day 2004, we registered fasting blood glucose (FPG) of hospitalized patients in 10 university affiliated hospitals in Guangdong Province at the same time. Among them, the patients with FPG between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The glucose metabolism classification was according to the standard recommended by the American Diabetes Society in 2003. Results Among 8753 hospitalized patients, 8.3% had been diagnosed diabetes mellitus, 6.8% had newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and 4.9% had newly diagnosed IGR. Among newly diagnosed diabetic patients, 194 cases (41.8%) were associated with hypertension, 152 cases (43.2%) with proteinuria, and 244 cases (67.6%) with dyslipidemia. Conclusion The proportion of patients with combined diabetes and IGR was 15.1% and 4.9%, respectively. OGTT indicated that 27.9% of patients with undiagnosed diabetes and FPG ranged from 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L were diagnosed with diabetes. Among newly diagnosed diabetic patients, there were more patients with associated proteinuria, dyslipidemia and hypertension.

Objective to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave treatment of liver metastasis and the factors affecting survival rate.Methods From July 1995 to June 2005, 128 patients with liver metastasis were treated with local microwave ablation. The primary tumors were 26 cases of esophagus and stomach tumors, 44 cases of colon and rectum tumors, 19 cases of breast cancer, 15 cases of lung cancer and 24 cases of malignant tumors at other sites. The maximum diameter of tumors was 0.7~8.6 cm (average 3.5 cm ± 1.6 cm). 64 cases with 142 nodules in diameter>3.0 cm were grouped according to the number of tumors: 47 cases were single, 44 cases were 2, 37 cases were 3 or more, and 57 cases were poorly differentiated, 53 cases were moderately differentiated and 18 cases were highly differentiated according to the degree of tumor differentiation.The univariate survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method; The significance test was carried out by Log rank method; The mean follow-up time was 30 months ± 20 months (1-103 months). The cumulative survival rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 90.88%, 73.84%, 51.09%, 36.14% and 31.89%, respectively. The univariate analysis of tumor size (P =0.028), differentiation degree (P =0.026) and recurrence or metastasis (P =0.026)<0.001) had a significant difference in the effect on survival rate; Multivariate analysis showed significant difference in the effects of lesion size (P =0.035), recurrence or metastasis (P =0.001) and tumor differentiation (P =0.038) on survival. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation in the treatment of liver metastasis has good long-term curative effect on liver metastasis with tumor diameter less than 3.0 cm, good differentiation, no recurrence or no intrahepatic or extrahepatic metastasis.

Objective to compare the clinical results of surgical resection and percutaneous thermal ablation in the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods From April 2002 to December 2005, 105 patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma (114 nodules) were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The single nodule diameter ≤5cm or the number of nodules ≤3 and the diameter ≤3 cm were randomly divided into two groups by single-blind method (envelope method). 54 cases were treated with open surgical resection and 51 cases were treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave or radiofrequency ablation respectively. Results Compared with the surgical group and the ablation group, the total clearance rate of tumor in the first treatment was 100% (54/54) vs 94.1% (48/51), and the local recurrence rate was 0. The mean time of first distant recurrence was 4.9 months vs 9.6 months (P =0.130), and the recurrence rate was 16.7% vs 27.5% (P =0.182). The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year tumor-free survival rates were 82.4%, 82.4% and 82.4% vs 78.5%, 61.5% and 51.3% (P =0.128), respectively. The overall survival rates in the same period were 91.3%, 86.4% and 86.4% vs 93.5%, 87.1% and 81.3%, respectively<The rate of treatment-related complications was 11.1% vs 7.8% (P =0.742), and the mean hospital stay was 19.2 days vs 5.2 days (P =0.013)<On the seventh day after treatment, the WHO Performance Status grades were 0-1, 16 cases vs 32 cases (P =0.001), and on the 30th day, 33 cases vs 44 cases (P =0.004). Conclusion Percutaneous thermal ablation can achieve local efficacy and 3-year survival rate similar to surgical resection for early hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective to evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation in patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods From May 1994 to June 2004, 275 nodules of 216 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma with diameter ≤5.0 cm were treated by percutaneous microwave ablation (193 males and 23 females; average age 54.68 years). All patients were treated in our hospital and signed informed consent to receive microwave therapy. The total necrosis rate, long-term survival rate, recurrence rate and complications were analyzed. Results The average follow-up period was 40 months ± 24 months (6-127 months). 159 patients (73.61%) survived and 57 patients (26.39%) died. 95.64% (263/275) of tumors were completely inactivated after microwave ablation. The cumulative survival rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years were 94.87%, 88.81%, 80.44%, 74.97% and 68.63%, respectively. The cumulative recurrence rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after microwave ablation were 20.01%, 32.04% and 39.57%, respectively Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma can achieve complete necrosis in most cases with low complication rate, and has satisfactory long-term clinical efficacy.

The patient was a 30-year-old female. The anterior and lateral radiographs of the chest 2 days ago showed that the middle and upper parts of the left anterior mediastinum were widened and the lateral edge was clear (Figure 1). The patient had no history of hepatitis, tuberculosis and diabetes. The physical examination was generally good, and the superficial lymph nodes were not enlarged, and the liver and spleen were not subcostal. The laboratory examination was not special. CT examination showed that the middle and upper parts of the left side of the anterior mediastinum showed patchy soft tissue density shadows, with low density and uniform density, and no obvious enhancement was found after enhancement scan. The lesions surrounded the large mediastinal vessels with clear boundaries. No enlarged lymph nodes, pleural thickening and pleural effusion were found in the bilateral hilar and mediastinum (Figure 2). The mass was resected under mediastinoscope, and it was found that the mass was located in the middle and upper parts of the left side of the anterior mediastinum, about 60 mm ×50 mm ×110 mm in size, soft, polycystic, with intact envelope, clear boundaries and smooth surface. Under light microscope, the mass was composed of proliferative lymphatic vessels, the wall of the vessel was covered with flat endothelial cells, and the lumen contained powdered lymph fluid and a small amount of lymphocytes. It was diagnosed as anterior mediastinal cavernous lymphangioma.

The purpose of the treatment of recurrent and metastatic breast cancer is to alleviate the suffering of patients, improve the quality of life, and on this basis, prolong the survival time of patients. The treatment should follow the principle of standardization and individualization, and chemotherapy should be considered for patients with rapid disease progression, failure of endocrine therapy or negative hormone receptor. However, with the deep understanding of the molecular biological behavior of tumor in basic medicine, molecular targeted therapy targeting tumor cell molecules has shown the characteristics of strong selectivity, high efficacy and low toxicity. However, molecular targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy has further improved the efficiency and prolonged the survival time of patients.

Stargardt disease is an uncommon hereditary macular atrophic degeneration disease, which is mostly autosomal recessive and a few dominant. Stargardt first described the disease in early 1909 and named after it. The fundus of Stargardt disease is characterized by oval macular atrophy and/or yellow spots around the macular area. The disease seriously affects visual acuity but there is no effective treatment at present. Histopathological studies have shown that there are lipofuscin deposits in retinal photoreceptor cells and pigment epithelial cells, which may be related to abnormal lipid metabolism in retina. To prove the correlation between daily diet and the severity of clinical manifestations of Stargardt disease, Professor Hubbard and colleagues from the Department of Food and Nutrition of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, USA, conducted a detailed investigation, study and analysis of a large family of Stargardt disease. The results were published in the February issue of Archives of Ophthalmology (2006, 124:257-263).

A 55-year-old male was admitted to the hospital after physical examination. There was no macroscopic hematuria, low back pain, fever, fatigue and other discomfort. The body temperature was 37℃, and the blood pressure was 110/75 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa). There was no mass in both kidneys and no percussion pain. Laboratory examination showed that Hb was 13.1 g/L, urine routine was normal, and renal function was normal. B-ultrasound examination showed that the upper pole of the right kidney was about 2.5 cm ×3.0 cm hypoechoic mass, and the left kidney was about 1.5 cm ×1.4 cm hypoechoic mass. Renal tumor was considered (right kidney cancer may be, left benign may be).

It is very important to maintain the hemodynamic stability and the balance of myocardial oxygen supply and consumption during coronary artery bypass surgery. Clinically, the surgical safety of patients can be ensured by increasing coronary blood flow and reducing peripheral vascular resistance. Cyclic adenosine phosphate (CAMP) is commonly used in cardiology for the treatment of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and cardiac insufficiency caused by myocardial ischemia because of its effects of nourishing myocardium, positive muscle strength, vasodilation, anti-platelet agglutination and anti-arrhythmia.

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a gram-negative pathogen with the highest infection rate in the world.Hp infection is closely related to the occurrence of human gastritis,gastric ulcer,gastric cancer and other diseases [1-3], and eradicating Hp infection can reduce the incidence of gastric cancer [4]. Animal models of Hp infection are an important tool for studying Hp vaccine.However, the existing animal models have big defects [5,6], so it is still necessary to study the animal models of Hp infection.Clean grade Kunming mice in China have the advantages of cheap,easy,breed,and living environment relatively close to that of humans,but its application in Hp animal models is rarely reported at present.

On March 9, 2006, as the first "World Kidney Day", the Chinese Medical Association Nephrology Branch held a press conference in Beijing on the morning of March 9, 2006. Academician Han Qide, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, sent a congratulatory letter to the conference. Chen Xiaohong, Vice Minister of Health, Zhong Nanshan, President of the Chinese Medical Association, Wang Yu, Director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control, Zhang Yanling, Vice Minister of Health of the General Logistics Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Liang Wannian, Deputy Director of Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, Sun Longchun, former Vice Minister of Health, Professor Wang Haiyan, member of the International Society of Nephrology and other leaders attended the conference and delivered speeches. The conference was chaired by Professor Chen Xiangmei, Chairman of the Chinese Medical Association Nephrology Branch. More than 200 nephrologists from more than 60 hospitals in Beijing and some outside Beijing attended the press conference. More than 30 media in Beijing, including CCTV, Xinhua News Agency, Health News and Beijing Evening News, reported on the conference.