Volume 86  ·   Issue 08  ·  2006

"nanometer (nm)" is the unit of measurement. 1 nm is one thousandth of 1 μ m, which is 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. When the characteristic size of matter enters the nanometer scale, many original physical and chemical properties will change greatly, showing unique small size effect, surface effect and quantum effect. Nanotechnology refers to the study of the properties and interactions of matter at the nanometer scale (between 1 and 100 nm), as well as the multidisciplinary intersection of science and technology that exploits these properties. It extends man's means and ability to understand and transform the physical world to atoms and molecules. The ultimate goal of nanotechnology is to manufacture products with specific functions based on novel physical, chemical and biological properties of atoms, molecules and substances on the nanometer scale.

Objective to evaluate the diagnostic value of spiral CT and reconstruction technique in the diagnosis of extracavitary gastric stromal tumor. Methods A total of 33 cases of gastric stromal tumor confirmed by surgical pathology and immunohistochemistry in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University and Lishui Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province were collected. The spiral CT findings of 17 cases of extracavitary stromal tumor were retrospectively analyzed. Results The accuracy of spiral CT in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of 17 cases of extracavitary gastric stromal tumor was 88.2% and 82.4%, respectively. The characteristics of the findings were as follows: (1) 13 cases of lobulated masses with extraluminal diameter greater than 5 cm connected to the stomach wall had "drilling angle" signs. (2) The mass density was uneven, and 15 cases showed mild or moderate uneven enhancement in arterial phase, and significant enhancement in portal phase and equilibrium phase; 2 cases showed significant enhancement in the arterial phase and decreased in the portal phase. (3) 11 cases had different size niche shadows at the edge of intracavitary mass, 9 cases had unclear boundary of extracavitary mass and invasion of adjacent structures. (4) The mass was connected with the broad base of gastric wall or could not be completely segmented. (5) The invasion of surrounding tissues and organs is a sign of malignant stromal tumor. Conclusion Based on the comprehensive clinical manifestations and main CT signs, spiral CT and reconstruction technique are of great value in the localization and qualitative diagnosis of extracavitary gastric stromal tumor.

Objective to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of glucocorticoid-induced reactive protein (MYOC) and optic neuropathy-induced reactive protein (OPTN) genes in trabecular reticulum and the pathogenesis of normal intraocular tension glaucoma (NTG) and hypertension glaucoma (HTG). Methods Whole genome DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the SNP of MYOC gene and OPTN gene in 94 cases of HTG, 48 cases of NTG and 77 normal controls were screened and identified by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and fluorescent labeling automatic DNA sequencing. Results A total of 14 MYOC gene sequence changes were detected, 5 of which were new sequence changes (V53A, I304I, T347T, 1-126T>C and IVS2+172C>A). 1-83G>A usually occurs with R76K; The alleles and genotypes of each SNP were not significantly different between HTG, NTG and control (P>0.05). For OPTN gene, 12 SNPs were detected, 3 of which were new sequence changes (V161M, I407T and L211L), among which I407T and L211L were only detected in HTG patients. In addition, the alleles and genotype frequencies of synonymous mutation T34T in NTG patients were significantly different from those in control group (P =0.001 and 0.004). The allele and genotype frequencies of IVS8+20G>A were significantly different between HTG, NTG and control groups (P =0.016 and 0.014; P =0.027 and 0.026). Conclusion MYOC and OPTN gene polymorphisms may be related to the pathogenesis of POAG in Chinese, and the gene sequence changes without amino acid changes may play a role in the pathogenesis of POAG.

Objective to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of delayed non-infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods the clinical data of 17 patients with confirmed hematological malignancies who received allo-HSCT and survived more than 3 months were retrospectively analyzed. Results the incidence of LONIPC was 17.7%, the median onset time was 6.5 months (3-13.5 months) after transplantation, 7 cases occurred during the rapid reduction of cyclosporine A (CSA), and 15 cases had chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) at the onset. The pathological features of lung tissue were: infiltration of interstitial lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes, proliferation of interstitial fibrous tissue, and alveolar occlusion. The effective rate of corticosteroid and CSA treatment was 70.6%, and the efficacy of early treatment was better than that of late treatment. The mortality rate associated with LONIPC was 35.3%, and CT showed lung fibrosis in patients with prolonged non-healing. Conclusion The clinical manifestations and imaging of LONIPC are not specific, and the diagnosis should be combined with lung function examination and lung biopsy pathology, and the pathogen infection should be ruled out, among which lung histopathological examination is important for diagnosis; LONIPC may be a special manifestation of cGVHD in lung tissue, and cGVHD is an important corroborating evidence for the diagnosis of LONIPC; Early corticosteroid therapy and sufficient maintenance therapy are important for the relief of LONIPC and the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis and other sequelae.

Objective to construct a full-length gene expression plasmid of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), and to observe the effect of BMP-7 overexpression on the extracellular matrix secretion (ECM) induced by transforming growth factor (TGF) -β in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Methods BMP-7 full-length cDNA was ligated into eukaryotic cell expression plasmid pcDNA3.1, and the recombinant expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-BMP-7 was transfected into human renal tubular epithelial cells by liposome Superfect-mediated method. The positive clones were selected to obtain stable transfected human renal tubular epithelial cell lines. The expression of BMP-7 in the culture supernatant of renal tubular epithelial cells was detected by Western blot method. The effects of BMP-7 overexpression on the expression of fibronectin (FN), collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ (Col Ⅰ, Ⅲ) and other extracellular matrix mRNA and protein were observed by RT-PCR and ELISA<After 24, 48 and 72 h of TGF-β treatment, the expression levels of Col Ⅰ, Ⅲ and FN mRNA in the 5 ng/ml TGF-β treatment group, blank plasmid transfection (pcDNA3.1) +5 ng/ml TGF-β group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, and the blank plasmid transfection group (pcDNA3.1) [ColⅠ (A value): 0.897 ± 0.100, 1.054 ± 0.090 vs 0.286 ± 0.010, 0.319 ± 0.080; Col Ⅲ (A value): 1.114 ± 0.040, 0.961 ± 0.090 vs 0.354 ± 0.020, 0.403 ± 0.040; FN (A value): 1.257 ± 0.090, 1.188 ± 0.060 vs 0.413 ± 0.020, 0.454 ± 0.060, all P<0.05]; The expression levels of Col I and FN mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-BMP-7 transfected group +5 ng/ml TGF-β group were significantly lower than those in the TGF-β treated group (0.591±0.007, 0.687±0.020, P<The expression of ColⅢmRNA was decreased (0.809 ± 0.090), but the difference was not statistically significant. The FN content of the cell culture supernatant was significantly higher in the 5 ng/ml TGF-β treatment group and the blank plasmid transfection (pcDNA3.1) +5 ng/ml TGF-β group than that in the normal control group (P<0.05), while the expression of pcDNA3.1-BMP-7 transfected group +5 ng/ml TGF-β was significantly lower than that of TGF-β treated group (P<Conclusion BMP-7 overexpression can significantly reduce the expression of FN, Col Ⅰ, Ⅲ mRNA in human renal tubular epithelial cells and FN in cell culture supernatant induced by TGF-β, indicating that BMP-7 can reduce the inflammatory response and fibrosis in tubulointerstitial cells and improve renal function, partly by inhibiting the secretion of extracellular matrix from renal tubular epithelial cells.

Objective to observe the effect of HER-2 mRNA-targeted antisense oligonucleotide HA6722 on breast cancer in vivo and the change of its antitumor activity when combined with cytotoxic drug docetaxel.Methods SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line was used as the experimental cell line transplanted, and BALB/C nude mice were used as the transplanted animals to establish an animal model of HER-2 overexpression breast cancer. The antitumor activity of antisense oligonucleotide HA6722 and its control sequence at different doses was observed when used alone or/or in combination with cytotoxic drug docetaxel, and a blank control group was established. Results Multiple consecutive injections of antisense oligonucleotide HA6722 at a dose of 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (1 time/d, ×12) could significantly inhibit the growth of breast cancer in vivo, with a tumor inhibition rate of 76.3%; The anti-breast cancer proliferation effect was significantly enhanced when combined with docetaxel. The anti-tumor activity of medium dose HA6722 (5 mg kg-1·d-1) combined with docetaxel (7.5 mg kg-1·d-1) and high dose docetaxel (15 mg kg-1·d-1) alone was comparable, and the anti-tumor activity of the two groups was 88.3% and 88.7%, respectively (P>0.05). However, the anti-tumor activity of Scramble6722+ docetaxel (7.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) was not enhanced further (P>0.05). Conclusion the combination of medium-dose HA6722 and docetaxel can significantly enhance the anti-tumor activity of the latter, and its anti-tumor activity can be compared with that of high-dose docetaxel.

Objective to study the difference of genomic DNA methylation between primary lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric carcinoma and to search for lymph metastasis suppressor genes in gastric carcinoma. Methylated CpG island amplification (MCA) method was used to enrich methylated genomic DNA sequences, and representative difference display analysis (RDA) was performed with metastatic lymph node MCA products as detectors and primary lymph node MCA products as drivers. The obtained methylated differential fragments were cloned and sequenced, and the base sequences were obtained, which were analyzed by bioinformatics. KL22 is located in the promoter region of PTPRG gene.KL22 is used as a probe to hybridize with repellent, detector and three rounds of RDA products, and there are hybridization signals except repellent. Conclusion There are differences in DNA methylation between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes of gastric cancer, and MCA-RDA method is a good method for analyzing DNA methylation.

Objective to investigate the effects of membrane-cytoskeleton linking protein ezrin on the growth and motor metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (SF/SMMC7721, MHCC97-H, MHCC-1 and HepG2) were selected as research materials. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed for ezrin gene and transfected into the cells by liposome. The downregulation of ezrin by siRNA at gene and protein levels and the changes of downregulation with transfection time were verified by fluorescence real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting respectively. According to the results of Western blotting, the time point with the lowest expression of ezrin protein was selected to detect the changes of biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma cells after interference. The changes of proliferation ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by tetramethylazo blue (MTT) assay; Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle; The morphological and quantitative changes of cellular pseudopods were observed by electron microscopy; Results Fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that ezrin siRNA significantly downregulated ezrin at both gene and protein levels. The downregulation of ezrin protein significantly slowed the growth rate of 4 hepatoma cells, and the proportion of hepatoma cells in the dividing stage decreased significantly (SF/SMMC7721: 28.07% to 21.53%; MHCC97-H: 24.94% to 13.92%; MHCC-1: 19.30% to 13.2%; HepG2: 7.73% to 4.24%). The motor invasion ability of tumor cells decreased, the cellular pseudopods became shorter, and the number of pseudopods formed decreased significantly (SF/SMMC7721: 20.8/cell ± 3.0/cell and 13.2/cell ± 2.4/cell, P<0.05; MHCC97-H: 18.4/cell ± 2.7/cell vs. 14.0/cell ± 2.9/cell, P<0.01; MHCC-1: 22.6/cell ± 3.5/cell and 13.3/cell ± 1.9/cell, P<0.01; HepG2: 31.0/cell ± 2.9/cell and 17.8/cell ± 2.3/cell, P<The number of cells passing through the artificial basement membrane also decreased significantly (SF/SMMC7721: 49.9 ± 7.7 vs. 31.9 ± 5.2, P<0.05; MHCC97-H: 58.5 ± 4.2 and 33.0 ± 3.3, P<0.01; MHCC-1: 57.6 ± 6.1 vs 28.3 ± 3.4, P<0.01; HepG2: 37.3 ± 3.0 and 25.3 ± 2.3, P<Conclusion ezrin plays an important role in the growth, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and may be a key molecule to inhibit recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective to investigate the efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the resolution of colorectal adenomas in patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Methods 6 patients with HNPCC were treated with celecoxib 400 mg/d. Eighteen patients who met the clinical diagnosis of FAP were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table: celecoxib 400 mg group (8 cases, oral celecoxib 400 mg/d) and celecoxib 200 mg group (10 cases, oral celecoxib 200 mg/d). The other four patients with FAP were reluctant to receive celecoxib and changed to enteric-coated aspirin 80 mg/d (aspirin group). The therapeutic effect was described by the number of polyps in FAP patients, and the changes of polyps after treatment were described by the grade of polyps in HNPCC patients. The colonoscopy was re-examined by a special person, and the colonoscopy was re-examined every 3 months in the first year and every 6 months in the second year. Results Both doses of celecoxib had the effect of resolving colonic adenoma in FAP. The rate of adenoma regression was 86.69% (280/323) in 400 mg group and 51.81% (129/249) in 200 mg group after 9 months. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Adverse reactions occurred in 7 out of 14 patients after taking a large dose (400 mg) of drug for more than 6 months; When the drug dose was reduced or aspirin was switched, the adverse reactions could be reversed. In the celecoxib 200 mg group, no adverse reactions occurred during the treatment period. Conclusion NASID is an effective drug for the interventional treatment of FAP and HNPCC adenomas; Celecoxib 400 mg/d has good curative effect, but the adverse reactions are more serious. Chinese people can first treat 200 mg/d for long time or 400 mg/d for 6 months and then maintain it at 200 mg/d; Enteric-coated aspirin has a similar effect.

Academic journals will complement each other if they are matched with the words "scientific", "true", "rigorous" and "credible"; However, in recent decades, for some reason, academic journals have quietly established an "indissolvable bond" with "academic fraud"<Science ",<From 1980s to early 1990s, four German medical researchers published many articles on "Smoking is harmless to health" at the behest of domestic tobacco manufacturers; In June 1999, 15 researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the United States<A paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters falsely claimed that the vacant element 118 on the periodic table of elements was found; Van Paliers, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, used fraud to<More than 10 papers were published in Science and other journals, and the names and data of collaborators were fabricated when applying for scientific research funds; Schoen was once a well-known scientist in Bell Labs in the United States. According to the investigation, Schoen has falsified at least 16 papers; In late 2005 and early 2006, the Seoul University Investigation Committee published the findings of the investigation into the "Hwang Woo-suk fraud incident", which was published in<The data of Hwang Woo-suk papers in Science magazine are all deliberately forged.

Objective to use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to manipulate human tongue squamous carcinoma tissues and cell sections at nanoscale in situ, and to develop sample preparation and processing methods, so as to improve the contrast and resolution of AFM images of tongue squamous carcinoma sections, so as to meet the requirements of a series of manipulations such as nano-localization, cutting, separation and picking.Methods After preparing the tissues and cultured cells of human tongue squamous carcinoma by conventional electron microscope ultrathin section method and paraffin section method, the sections were transferred to mica surface or glass slide surface, respectively, and observed in air with contact mode AFM. There are granular organelles surrounding the nuclear membrane. The sections treated with hydrogen peroxide and xylene improve the contrast and AFM imaging quality. The paraffin sections can distinguish the cell contour, inner nuclear structure and intercellular structure. By controlling the scanning direction and the force of the needle tip, the manipulation range of the tongue cancer sections can be realized between 20 nm and 1 μ m, and the inner nuclear genetic material can be obtained by the needle tip. Conclusion Based on AFM high resolution imaging and structure resolution of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissue and cell sections, the in situ nanoscale manipulation of AFM can be realized to obtain the inner genetic material of specific cell nuclei, and further biochemical analysis can be carried out for early diagnosis of tumor.

Objective to investigate the effect of estrogen deficiency on bone tissue structure and properties of nanomechanical materials.Methods Twenty 10-month-old SD female rats were randomly divided into ovariectomy group and sham operation group.10 rats in each group were sacrificed 15 weeks after operation.Before sacrifice, the whole body bone density and the bone density of the sixth lumbar vertebra were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptometry.After sacrifice, the bone density of the sixth lumbar vertebra was measured in vitro, and the bone morphometry was detected at the proximal metaphysis of the right tibia; Three vertebral bodies in each group were randomly selected, embedded with methyl methacrylate, and the vertebral bodies were sawed along the midpoint of the long axis vertically to expose the transverse trabecular bone, and half of the surface was removed and polished. Four trabecular bones were randomly selected, and 5 points in each trabecular bone were selected for nanoindentation experiment. Results 15 weeks after ovariectomy, the bone density of the sixth lumbar vertebra was significantly reduced; The tibial trabecular septum was widened and the trabecular bone volume fraction decreased significantly (P<The total body bone density, trabecular bone number and trabecular bone thickness showed a decreasing trend. The hardness of vertebral trabecular bone in the ovariectomized group and the sham operation group were 0.91 GPa±0.13 GPa and 0.90 GPa±0.09 GPa, respectively, and the elastic modulus were 21.01 GPa±2.48 GPa and 22.04 GPa±2.44 GPa, respectively, with no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusion Nanoindentation technique is a new technique that can be used to directly measure the nanomechanical properties of bone tissue.

Objective to observe the feasibility of transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene mediated by nanoparticles, and to understand the improvement of neovascularization and cardiac function in animal models of myocardial ischemia after direct injection of VEGF gene nanoparticles through myocardium. Methods VEGF165 gene plasmid was encapsulated with polylactic acid polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare nanometer particle mixture, and its drug loading, in vitro release and particle size were detected. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured, transfected with VEGF165 gene nanoparticles (VEGF nanoparticles), and the level of VEGF mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and the expression level of VEGF protein was detected by ELISA; VEGF nanoparticle suspension was injected into the myocardium of living rabbits. After 96 hours, samples were collected from the myocardial injection site, and the feasibility of gene transmission into the myocardial tissue was observed by electron microscopy. A rabbit model of myocardial ischemia was constructed. VEGF nanoparticles (12 rats), VEGF165 naked plasmid (12 rats) or normal saline (8 rats in the control group) were injected into the myocardium at the ischemic site. After 1 month, cardiac ultrasound was monitored, and then sacrificed. The capillary formation in myocardial tissue was observed by histological sections. Results the drug loading of the prepared nanoparticles was 1.87%, and the particle size was 50~300 nm; The results of RT-PCR and ELISA suggested that the nanoparticles could transfer the target gene into cultured cardiomyocytes; In vivo experiments showed that a large number of phagocytic nanoparticles could be seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes; Ultrasound examination at 1 month after operation showed that the wall motion amplitude (1.87 mm±0.32 mm) and left ventricular ejection fraction (60%±10%) in the VEGF nanoparticle group improved more obviously than those in the naked plasmid group (1.59 mm±0.24 mm,50%±6%) and the control group (0.93 mm±0.40 mm,40%±8%), and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05); Histological examination showed that the number of capillaries in myocardium was significantly higher in the VEGF nanoparticle group (57 ± 12) than in the naked plasmid group (41 ± 14) and the control group (24 ± 8), and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Nanoparticles can be used as the carrier of VEGF gene transport to myocardial tissue. Direct injection of VEGF165 gene nanoparticles through myocardium in rabbit myocardial ischemia model can promote myocardial capillary neovascularization and improve cardiac function.

He was a 27-year-old male. Physical examination revealed abdominal mass, without abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and melena. Physical examination: No enlarged lymph nodes were palpable on both clavicules and neck, and the abdomen was soft. A soft tissue mass was palpable in the left middle abdomen, with medium texture, and there was a mass about 7 cm away from the anus on digital anal examination. Total abdominal CT scan showed a round cystic-solid mass in the left middle abdomen (Figure 1A), with a size of about 66 mm ×43 mm, with clear edges and local small intestine compression. The CT value of plain scan was 10~35 HU, and the parenchyma was uniformly enhanced on enhanced scan (Figure 1B), with a CT value of 43 HU. A similar mass was found next to the left pelvic rectum, with a size of about 29 mm ×23 mm. The parenchyma was mildly enhanced on enhanced scan, and no enlarged lymph nodes were found in the retroperitoneum.

She was a 50-year-old woman with abdominal distension for half a month and regular menstruation. Physical examination showed abdominal distension, and a huge mass was palpable in the left adnexal area. Laboratory examination showed that carbohydrate antigen CA-125 1190 U/ml (normal<CT scan showed a huge cystic-solid mass in the pelvic cavity, which was distributed in scattered blocks in the cystic components, with small fat density shadows and multi-point calcification shadows (Figure 1). After enhancement, the solid components in the mass were obviously enhanced, the degree was similar to that of iliac vessels (Figure 2), the lipid components were not enhanced (Figure 3), and the boundary of the mass was smooth.

On January 25, 2006, the Ministry of Health of China, UNAIDS and the World Health Organization jointly issued<The report includes three parts: the epidemic situation and characteristics of AIDS in China, the progress of AIDS prevention and control in China, the challenges and countermeasures, etc. The report makes a detailed assessment of the epidemic situation of AIDS in China in 2005, objectively reflects the current epidemic situation of AIDS in China, analyzes the characteristics of AIDS epidemic in China, evaluates the important progress made in AIDS prevention and control in China in the past year, puts forward the main challenges faced by China in five important fields, and points out the emphasis of the next step.

Recently,<The journal Circulation reported that The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) will further increase its support for pediatric mechanically assisted Circulation research. The specific related contents are reported as follows (Circulation, 2006, 113: 147-155).

The particularity of thoracic junction tumor is that its adjacent anatomical structure is complicated, the surgical treatment is difficult, and the surgical approach has always been controversial. Sometimes, due to the improper choice of surgical approach, the tumor cannot be resected and the postoperative complications are increased. Therefore, 25 cases of cervicothoracic junction tumor were treated by inverted "L" incision from October 1999 to March 2005, with satisfactory results, which are reported as follows.

The 28th San Antonio Symposium on Breast Cancer was held in San Antonio, Texas, USA from December 8 to 11, 2005. This conference is an international grand meeting in the field of clinical and basic research of breast cancer. Nearly 7000 scholars from more than 80 countries around the world attended the conference. There were 5 special presentations, 48 conference speeches, 700 papers presented in the form of wall posters, 4 award speeches, 4 micro-symposiums and 1 satellite symposium, which covered all-round research projects and achievements of basic and clinical breast cancer. The conference reported the results of large-scale prospective randomized trials just concluded, which have great reference and guiding significance for clinical practice. The academic overview of this conference is introduced as follows.

It is one of the main problems in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) to find a plasma index that can accurately predict pancreatic infectious necrosis early and accurately predict the severity of the disease. Compared with aseptic necrosis, the content of procalcitonin in patients with pancreatic infection and necrosis is significantly increased, and if the infection persists, the level of procalcitonin remains high, and the elevation degree is positively correlated with the severity of infection [1]. As a very sensitive inflammatory marker, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is closely related to procalcitonin. Compared with traditional inflammatory indexes, procalcitonin and IL-6 are helpful in differentiating systemic infection from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) [2], but the specificity of IL-6 is not as good as that of procalcitonin.

Insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅱ) is a multifunctional regulator produced by hepatocytes, and its gene contains four different promoters (P1~ P4). The expression of IGF-Ⅱ mRNA is the highest in fetal liver and neonatal liver, and P3 is the most active, followed by P4 and P2, P1 inactivation respectively; In the adult liver, IGF-Ⅱ mRNA levels were significantly down-regulated, about 1/10 of the peak value of neonates, among which the activity of P1 was the largest, and the activity of P2~ P4 was significantly reduced or inactivated [1]. In recent years, it has been found that IGF-Ⅱ is overexpressed in human liver precancerous lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma [2, 3], but the detailed mechanism of it is not clear. This study investigated whether there is hypomethylation of P4 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its relationship with the changes of P4 transcript expression, aiming to elucidate the role of IGF-ⅡP4 promoter in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and its clinicopathological significance.

A 37-year-old male was admitted to the hospital in March due to palpitations and dizziness for 1 year, and his face was round. In early 2004, the patient developed palpitations and chest tightness, which was not diagnosed and treated. In 2005, he developed headache and dizziness after exertion, and his blood pressure was measured at 165/105 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa). He was treated with various drugs successively, but his blood pressure was not well controlled, 160~170/120~130 mm Hg. In recent 3 months, he felt that his face became round, his limbs became thinner, his weight lost 3 kg, and his skin color deepened significantly.