Volume 85  ·   Issue 28  ·  2005

Objective to observe the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on airway inflammation in guinea pig asthma model.Methods the guinea pig asthma model was replicated by intraperitoneal injection of egg protein (OVA) sensitization and aerosol inhalation challenge.Thirty guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups (10 in each group), namely, asthma model group (Group A), model control group (Group B) and IL-18 intervention group (Group C). The number and classification of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of guinea pigs in each group were detected under light microscope.The concentrations of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and compared between the three groups.Results The number of eosinophils (EOS) in guinea pig BALF was (98±58) ×106/L, (12±10) ×106/L, (29±10) ×106/L, respectively<0.01); There were significant differences in the number of neutrophils in Group A, Group B and Group C (P all<0.05). The difference of IFN-γ and IL-2 concentrations between group A and group B was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the difference was also statistically significant compared with group C (P all<The difference of IL-4 concentration in group A was statistically significant compared with group B and group C (P all<0.05); The difference of IL-5 concentration was statistically significant between group A and group B and group C (P<Conclusion IL-18 can control airway inflammation in asthma by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines.

Objective to study the protective effect of matrine on hepatocytes in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IRI) and its related mechanism. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group (sham group), oxymatrine group (Oxymatrine group) and control group (IRI group), 10 rats in each group. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were detected for liver function, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for pathological changes, in situ end labeling (TUNEL) for hepatocyte apoptosis, flow cytometry (FCM) for hepatocyte apoptosis and cell cycle, and Western blot for hepatocyte Fas gene expression. Results AST and ALT levels in oxymatrine group (513 U/L ± 96 U/L, 352 U/L ± 72 U/L) were significantly lower than those in IRI group (1326 U/L ± 211 U/L, 768 U/L ± 175 U/L), The differences were statistically significant (t values were 4.21 and 4.13, respectively, P<0.01); The levels of AST and ALT in IRI group were significantly higher than those in sham group (112 U/L ± 53 U/L, 55 U/L ± 17 U/L), and the differences were statistically significant (t values were 4.72 and 4.36, respectively<HE staining showed that the pathological changes of liver tissue of rats in oxymatrine group were milder than those in IRI group, and TUNEL detection showed that the number of apoptotic cells in liver tissue of rats in oxymatrine group was less than that in IRI group. FCM detection showed that the apoptosis of liver cells in oxymatrine group was significantly less than that in IRI group (t =4.53, P<0.01); There were fewer hepatocytes in G0/G1 stage in oxymatrine group than in IRI group, while the number of hepatocytes in S stage increased significantly (t =4.52, P<Conclusion Matrine can significantly alleviate the damage of rat hepatocytes during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion by protecting hepatocytes and promoting hepatocyte renewal.

Objective to observe the effect and mechanism of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) on the intrapulmonary sequestration of neutrophils (PMN) induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Methods the lung injury model of both hindlimbs after ischemia and reperfusion was replicated with double thigh root tourniquet. The animals were placed in air with or without 0.025% CO. The animals that did not cause limb ischemia were used as controls. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (PMVEC) and PMN were incubated with limb IR patient serum in air containing 5% CO2 and 0.025% CO +5% CO2. The control cells were incubated with healthy volunteer serum. The lung histology, the number of neutrophils (PMN) and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in lung tissue were observed. The expression of ICAM-1 in PMVEC, integrin-CD11b in PMN and the adhesion rate of PMVEC-PMN were detected. Results the lung tissue of animals after limb IR showed pathological signs such as hemorrhage, edema and PMN sequestration.<0.01), ICAM-1 expression was significantly enhanced; The number of PMN per high magnification was significantly reduced after CO application (28.3 ± 3.8, P<Compared with the control group, the expression of ICAM-1, PMN integrin and PMVEC-PMN adhesion were significantly increased (28.3 ± 2.6 vs 12.9 ± 1.9, 18.9 ± 2.6 vs 9.8 ± 1.2 and 30.7 ± 2.9 vs 13.4 ± 1.1, P<0.01), all decreased significantly after CO application (19.9 ± 2.1, 14.1 ± 1. 9 and 19.8 ± 1.5, P<Conclusion Exogenous CO can inhibit the intrapulmonary sequestration of PMN induced by limb IR, and its mechanism is related to the down-regulation of the expression of adhesion molecules and the inhibition of PMN adhesion to PMVEC.

Methods Eighty-six adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely, 35 rats in SFK treatment group (S group), 35 rats in spinal cord injury model group (M group) and normal control group (N group). The rat T12 spinal cord right hemitransection injury (SCI) model was prepared according to the double-blind principle. The spinal cord tissues in the injured area were removed 24 hours after modeling. The differentially expressed genes were determined by extracting total RNA, purified mRNA, synthesizing fluorescent labeled cDNA hybridization probe by reverse transcription, hybridizing with Biostar40s tissue gene chip, analyzing hybridization signals and comparing between groups. Results Compared with group N, there were 139 differentially expressed genes in group M, of which 83 were up-regulated and 56 were down-regulated. The functions of these differentially expressed genes mainly involved in cell metabolism, Especially the regulation of lipid metabolism, ion channels, immune and defensive functions, cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix, cell cycle and growth, cell signal transduction and gene transcription, etc. Compared with group S, there were 37 differentially expressed genes in group M, 11 were up-regulated and 26 were down-regulated, among which Anxa1, Ca2+ -ATPase, IL-1 β, ApoCⅢ and PFP genes were up-regulated; HSP-70 and Psap are down-regulated. These genes are closely related to the protection, growth and regeneration of nerve tissues. Conclusion the expression of 139 genes in the early stage of SCI has significant changes. The functions of differentially expressed genes are multifaceted, which are related to the degeneration and necrosis of nerve tissues after SCI, the progression of traumatic inflammation and secondary spinal cord injury, and the loss of regeneration ability. SFK can regulate the changes of gene expression induced by SCI, which can not only initiate the protection of nerve tissue, but also stimulate and support the regeneration of injured nerve tissues (including nerve fibers) to some extent.

Objective to investigate the effect of immunosuppressant FK506 on nerve regeneration and its application methods. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, 20 rats in each group, and bilateral sciatic nerves were cut to make a sciatic nerve regeneration chamber model. Group A was injected with normal saline in the regeneration chamber; In group B, saline was injected into the regeneration chamber, and FK5061 mg/kg was injected subcutaneously behind the neck for 14 days; Group C was injected with 1 μ g/ml FK506 in the regeneration chamber. The local immune response of nerve injury was observed, the wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle, histomorphology and image analysis, and electrophysiology were measured. Results The degree of lymphocyte infiltration in the nerve injury area of rats in groups B and C was milder than that in group A. At 6 weeks, the average wet weight of gastrocnemius muscle of rats was 579mg in group A, 725mg in group B and 761mg in group C. Histomorphological observation and image analysis showed that the total number of myelinated nerve fibers was 720 in group A, 778 in group B and 772 in group C. The results of myelinated nerve fiber density, mean axon diameter and myelin thickness in group B were significantly better than those in group A. Conclusion (1) Systemic application of FK506 in rats has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects, which can accelerate the recovery of nerve function. (2) Local application of FK506 has certain protective effects on early nerve injury.

Objective to investigate the changes of CD133, CD34 and CD38 on the surface markers of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in human living fetal blood circulation with gestational age. Methods 106 cases of living fetal blood from 12 to 41 weeks gestation were obtained by B-ultrasound guided umbilical vein puncture. CD34 and CD133 antigens and CD34 and CD38 antigens in mononuclear cells were labeled by two-color immunofluorescence labeling, respectively. The antigen expression was detected by flow cytometry. Results There were no serious complications after fetal sampling under B-ultrasound guided. The contents of CD34+ cells/nucleated cells, CD38-cells/CD34+ cells, CD133+ cells/nucleated cells and CD133+ cells/CD34+ cells all decreased with the increase of gestational age, and there was a linear negative correlation with gestational age, and the changes ranged from 4.21% to 0.04%, 58.5% to 10.7%, 3.69% to 0.31% and 87.6% to 48.5%, respectively. Conclusion The earlier the HSPC in fetal blood circulation, the more primitive the immunophenotype, which may be

Objective to investigate the accuracy of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and the importance of combining with biopsy. Methods the colonoscopy and biopsy data of 27 patients with Crohn's disease invading the colon were compared, and the characteristics of diagnostic significance were analyzed and summarized. Results Most of the 27 patients in this group were mixed type, that is, most of the patients had colon lesions in other parts (26 cases, accounting for 96.3%), and only 4 cases (14.8%) had colon invasion alone. Colonoscopy showed a variety of manifestations in different disease stages (overlapping of destruction and repair/proliferation lesions), segmental distribution and multi-site invasion of mucosal lesions, and intestinal stenosis, deformation and thickening feeling. The results of colonoscopy in 18 cases were confirmed by biopsy (9 cases) and postoperative pathological examination (9 cases), and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 66.7%. The histological features of biopsy were lymphocyte aggregation, focal distribution of lesions, Some specimens showed submucosal widening, fissure/aphthous ulcer, fibrosis and granuloma (the detection rate of this group was 30.8%). Conclusion Crohn's disease invaded the colon more commonly, and most of them had prominent characteristic colonoscopic findings, and could make a definite diagnosis. Biopsy histological examination could further support the diagnostic reliability.

Objective to investigate the role of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of familial cholecystolithiasis. Methods Questionnaire survey and B-ultrasound examination were used to investigate the general situation and morbidity of family members. Peripheral blood of family members was collected for blood lipid examination. Genetic characteristics of cholecystolithiasis were analyzed and heritability was calculated. Results 695 people in 135 families were collected. The incidence rate of cholecystolithiasis was 53.24%. The incidence rate of females (56.66%) was significantly higher than that of males (48.23%) (χ 2=4.785, P =0.03). Pedigree analysis showed that both males and females could suffer from the disease, and there was no intergenerational inheritance. The heritability of first-degree relatives was 138% ± 7%, and the same disease rate of twins was 100%. The average body mass index of cholecystolithiasis group was 24 kg/m2 ± 3 kg/m2, which was significantly higher than that of the group without cholecystolithiasis group (22.7 kg/m2 ± 2.9 kg/m2) (t =4.035, P<0.01). The patients with diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and greasy diet in cholelithiasis group were significantly more than those without cholelithiasis group (P all<There were no significant differences in drinking habits, smoking and gastrointestinal surgery history between cholelithiasis group and no cholelithiasis group. The levels of high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A1 in cholelithiasis group were lower than those in no cholelithiasis group (P all<Conclusion (1) Familial cholecystolithiasis is characterized by autosomal dominant heredity, and genetic factors are the basis of the disease. (2) Gender, obesity, greasy diet, hypertension, diabetes and history of hyperlipidemia are the risk factors of familial cholecystolithiasis. (3) There are abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with cholecystolithiasis.

Objective to investigate the different hemodynamic types and their distribution in the upright tilt test in children with unexplained syncope, and to study the relationship between different hemodynamic types and their clinical phenotype.Methods 100 children with unexplained syncope were subjected to upright tilt test (HUT) or sublingual nitroglycerin-induced upright tilt test. According to the different hemodynamic responses in the experiment, they were divided into four types: vasovagal reaction type, orthostatic tachycardia syndrome reaction type, orthostatic hypotension reaction type and normal hemodynamic reaction type, and their distribution and clinical characteristics were compared.Results Among 100 children with unexplained syncope, 50 cases (50%) had classical vasovagal reaction type, 33 cases had orthostatic tachycardia syndrome reaction type (33%), 15 cases had normal reaction type (15%), and 2 cases had orthostatic hypotension reaction type (2%). Among the 50 cases of vasovagal reaction type, 31 cases were vasosuppressive type (31%), 12 cases were mixed type (12%), The mean age of patients with vasovagal response and orthostatic tachycardia response was older than that of those with normal hemodynamic response (12±2 vs 10±3, P<0.01; 12±2 vs 10±3, P<0.01); There was no significant difference in male-female sex ratio among various hemodynamic types; There was also no significant difference in the course of disease between various hemodynamic types; The number of syncopes in children with orthostatic tachycardia syndrome reaction type was significantly less than that in children with vasovagal reaction type and normal reaction type (1 ± 1 vs 3 ± 3, P<0.01, 1±1 vs 3±2, P<0.01); The basal heart rate of orthostatic tachycardia syndrome reactive type was significantly faster than that of vasovagal reactive type and normal reactive type (81±7 vs 71±9, P<0.01, 81±7 vs 74±7, P<0.01); There was no significant difference in basal blood pressure between different types of vasovagal response. There was no significant difference in age of onset, gender, length of disease, number of syncope, basal heart rate, basal systolic and diastolic blood pressure between all subtypes of vasovagal response. Conclusion Children with unexplained syncope can show different types of hemodynamic response in upright tilt test, and different types of hemodynamic response are related to their clinical phenotype.

Objective to investigate the current situation of children carrying Streptococcus pneumoniae in China and the susceptibility distribution of this bacteria to commonly used antibiotics, so as to provide evidence for rational drug use in clinical practice. Methods Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from nasopharynx of children aged 1 month to 5 years with acute upper respiratory tract infection from 3 children's hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from 2000 to 2002. The susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to 10 kinds of antibiotics was detected by disk diffusion method and E-test method. Results the isolation rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 24.9%, the insensitivity rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 39.9%, and the drug resistance rate was 6.4%; 20.4% of strains were resistant to cefaclor; 19.0% of the strains were insensitive to cefuroxime; The susceptibility rates of S. pneumoniae to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone were 98.5% and 97.2% respectively, and the insensitivity rates to erythromycin, compound trimoxazole and tetracycline were above 80.0%. 98.0% of the strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. 3 The antibiotic susceptibility changes of S. pneumoniae in urban areas had their own characteristics. The drug resistance pattern analysis showed that the multiple drug resistance rate was 88.7%, and the penicillin-insensitive S. pneumoniae (PNSP) was more common than that of penicillin-sensitive S. pneumoniae (PSSP) (99.1% and 78.8%, P<0.01); Erythromycin-insensitive strains were also more common than erythromycin-sensitive strains (95.8% and 17.1%, P<0.01). Conclusion the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in China is very severe, and the drug resistance changes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in different regions have different characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of Streptococcus pneumoniae drug resistance and antibiotic use in various regions, and timely adjust the empirical drug use scheme and public health strategy.

In the era of China's medical market gradually opening up and aligning with international standards, government hospitals will inevitably be impacted by private or foreign-funded hospitals, and their reform to a certain extent is also troubled by the human resource management (the mobility of talents and the autonomy of hiring are slightly poor) and the distribution system (the manpower cost is high and there is a big pot rice phenomenon) of state-owned enterprises. How to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of hospital leaders within a limited scope is the key for government hospitals to improve medical quality and maintain their leading position.

Mitochondrial genome is the only genetic material independent of nuclear chromosomes in cells. Because the mitochondria of fertilized eggs are almost all derived from egg cells, the diseases caused by mitochondrial gene mutation are maternal inheritance, that is, the children of female patients may obtain disease-causing genes from their mothers and become sick, while the children of male patients are not sick theoretically. In 1981, Anderson et al. [1] published the complete sequence of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which opened up a new field of research on mtDNA mutation and human diseases.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases with abnormal tissue and organ function and structure caused by excessive blood glucose levels.Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) is an intermediate stage in the pathogenesis of any type of diabetes.According to fasting and post-load blood glucose values, IGR can be divided into two hyperglycemic states-impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

The incidence of cerebrovascular disease in men is 1.25 times that in females. The incidence of cerebrovascular disease in women is the lowest before menopause, and the incidence of coronary heart disease in menopausal women is rapidly born to the level of men of the same age after menopause. Gynecological surgery also leads to a significant increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease in menopausal women [1], which suggests that estrogen can maintain the normal function of blood vessels. Therefore, it is speculated that the increase of cerebrovascular disease in postmenopausal women is due to the loss of the protective effect of endogenous estrogen.

The patient was a 19-year-old female who came to our hospital in October 2002 due to decreased visual acuity of her left eye and eye pain for more than 2 years. Ocular examination showed that the visual acuity of her left eye was 0.1 and that of her right eye was 1.0. There was no swelling or tenderness in both eyelids, no protrusion of eyeballs and free movement. The cornea is transparent, the pupil is equal in size, and it is sensitive to light; The crystalline lens was transparent, the vitreous body of the right eye was transparent, and a tumor was seen in the temporal retina of the left eye, with a smooth surface and a few blood vessels. Fundus examination of the right eye showed no abnormalities. Ultrasound examination of the left eye showed that there was a space-occupying lesion in the vitreous body (Figure 1), which was located in the posterior half of the eyeball, and was diagnosed as an intraocular mass. IOP: 16 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) in the right eye and 31 mm Hg in the left eye. No abnormalities were found in the whole body examination. After routine retrobulbar anesthesia, the conjunctiva was cut along the keratoconjunctival margin and then separated to the optic nerve. After the rectus muscle was cut, the optic nerve was cut, and the eyeball was free. After hemostasis, gauze was filled in and the affected eye was pressurized.

A 25-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to menopause for more than 2 months and vaginal bleeding for more than 20 days. The patient had given birth to a boy by cesarean section in October 2003. Physical examination showed that the abdomen was soft, without tenderness and rebound pain, and there was no moving voiced sound during percussion. Gynecological examination showed that the vulva developed normally, the vagina was dark red blood, the external cervical opening could not be exposed, the cervix was enlarged like a ball, the uterus and cervix were spherical, like the size of more than 3 months of pregnancy, soft, the right uterine horn was tender, and no abnormal mass was palpable in the bilateral adnexal area. Urinary pregnancy test was positive. Pelvic ultrasound examination showed that the uterus was enlarged in volume and abnormal in shape, and the cervix was enlarged like a ball, connected to the uterine body like an hourglass, and larger than the uterine body. No fetal sac halo was found in the uterine cavity, and abnormal mixed echoes with a size of 8.9 cm ×8.7 cm were seen in the cervical canal, with disordered structure and alternating cyst and solid phase. Doppler ultrasound examination showed that there were abundant blood flow signals around the mass. No obvious abnormal sonography was found in the bilateral adnexal.

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP), after nearly seven years of clinical practice and multi-center experimental research, solemnly challenged transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to replace TURP, the gold standard for the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia in urology.

In recent years, the incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus has increased significantly in immunocompromised patients, and the mortality rate of this disease is still higher than 50% despite the continuous emergence of new antifungal drugs [1]. In order to find new therapeutic targets, many studies have been done on the virulence factors of Aspergillus fumigatus in recent years.At present, the main confirmed virulence-related genes are pksP, fos-1, rhbA, pabA, lysF, cpcA, etc. [2], but there are few studies on the expression of these genes during infection. In this study, competitive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (competitive RT-PCR) is used to detect the expression of these genes in vivo and in vitro, which will lay a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of virulence genes.

With the increase of age, the nucleus pulposus tissue of intervertebral disc gradually changes from chordal nucleus pulposus to fibrocartilaginous nucleus pulposus [1], but the law of this transformation and its relationship with intervertebral disc degeneration are still unclear.In this study, the animal model of cervical disc degeneration was prepared by destroying the static stable structure of the posterior cervical spine of rats, and the changes of nucleus pulposus morphology and its relationship with intervertebral disc degeneration were dynamically observed, which aimed to provide a basis for formulating strategies for preventing and treating intervertebral disc degeneration.

microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) -associated vasculitis. Vascular endothelial cells [1,2] play an important role in the pathogenesis, and the level of anti-vascular endothelial antibody is related to the activity of vasculitis [3]. Peripheral nerve and muscle involvement is not uncommon in this disease [4-6]. This study analyzed the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of peripheral nerve and muscle in 5 cases of MPA, and observed the changes of thrombomodulin (TM) expressed by vascular endothelial cells and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) associated with the synthesis of nitric oxide.

Cerebroglobin is a newly discovered oxygen-carrying globin, which is highly expressed in the brain and retina, and is closely related to the uptake and utilization of oxygen by nerve cells [1,2]. We have studied the expression changes of cerebroglobin in the brain after acute cerebral ischemia in gerbils, and found that it can be upregulated under acute ischemia, and plays an important role in the adaptive protection of brain [3]. However, there are few reports on the changes of cerebroglobin in serum after brain injury. This study aims to study the dynamic changes of cerebroglobin in serum after brain injury by using the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in gerbils, so as to provide new serological detection or diagnostic indicators for related injuries.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is the most common hereditary progressive neurodegenerative disease in childhood. Most of its patients develop in childhood and occasionally in adulthood. According to the age of onset, course of disease and ultramicropathological changes, it is divided into four main subtypes, including infantile, late infantile, adolescent and adult. Besides, there are four regional variants, mainly Finnish variant, Portuguese variant, Turkish variant and progressive epilepsy with mental retardation [1, 2]. Infant and late infantile types belong to the category of acute diseases, while adolescent and adult types belong to the category of chronic diseases. Its clinical characteristics include progressive dementia, refractory epilepsy and visual loss; The pathological changes were characterized by pathological lipofuscin deposited in nerve cells and other cells, and the deposits were positive for glycogen staining and Sudan Black B staining, with yellow autofluorescence characteristics, resulting in the loss of nerve cells mainly in cerebral cortex and retina [3]. Ultramicropathological examination found that different clinical subtypes in NCL were composed of granular, curvilinear and fingerprint-like substances [4, 5]. These deposits also appeared in lymphocytes and skin sweat gland epithelial cells from the ectoderm [6], which provided the possibility of adopting minimally invasive diagnostic methods for this disease.

Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignant tumor. Radical total hysterectomy is often performed in patients with stage Ⅰ ~ Ⅱ. Extensive excision of parauterine tissue during operation often damages the innervating nerve of bladder, resulting in postoperative dysuria, urinary retention, frequent urination and urinary incontinence.